جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « environmental factors » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

Businesses in the direction of internationalization operate in a wide external environment, the aspects of which must be analyzed, understood and interpreted, based on this, the present research seeks to identify the environmental conditions on the internationalization of companies. Industry is industrial machinery.

The current research has a qualitative approach, in the form of an interpretive paradigm. Thematic analysis strategy was used to analyze the obtained data. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews of nineteen experts and business managers in the field of machinery manufacturing in the building products industry who were selected purposefully. To validate the research model, two strategies of external review and pluralism were used.

The findings of the present research showed that the examination of environmental factors for the internationalization of companies is to consider the following factors: environmental capacity of the host country, knowledge of tax laws, market analysis, cost evaluation, political peace of the country. Host, international interactions, rules and regulations of the host country.

The results achieved by being present in global markets require knowing the environment in which you operate in a particular country. For this, companies need to pay attention to knowing the environment of the host country, government support, compliance with international standards, market analysis and international challenges.

The manner of making organizational policy and understanding the facts that occur in order to achieve it from the legislative stage to the implementation stage according to the internal and external conditions, can help to find the challenges of the policy-making process and its implementation in order to modify or completely change the policy. Considering the problems of applying combined policies (institutional, gradual, partial) in the State Tax Administration, it is possible to change the organization's policy to an environmental systemic policy by emphasizing on increasing the coordination of internal and external organizational factors of the tax system. The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach and strategy of data foundation theory with the aim of identifying the features of the systematic model through interviews with experts in the field of tax policy and  after the open, pivotal and selective coding process, the systematic policy model includes systematic Functions with 3 categories and 6 concept codes and 31 primary codes, process Functions with 4 categories and 9 concept codes and 45 primary codes, policy Functions with 2 categories and 6 concept codes and 16 primary codes, environmental factors with 3 categories, 7 concept codes and 31 primary codes are designed based on the local conditions of the Iranian tax system.

The world economy requires more than any other period to producing, disseminating and utilizing knowledge, so it is necessary to create and expand knowledge sharing in the culture and atmosphere of the organization, given the current circumstances. The wide range of studies has been done so far but a little has been achieved. Therefore, this paper presents a simulated model of knowledge sharing in a government organization (i.e. Iranian National Tax Administration) based on the system dynamic approach. The present study explored causal relationships using causal diagrams and flow charts. By simulating for a period of 20 years, the model developed using dynamic systems thinking, the results show that the system under study is controllable and observable, that is, the system inputs control the state variables and each of the variables Modes affect some system outputs. According to the designed model by computer simulation and using Vensim software, scenarios with changes in individual factors, organizational factors, environmental factors and Peripheral factors were presented to improve and optimize the results that can be optimized by combining knowledge sharing with the organization.

By the challenge growing in auditing, audit institutions realized the importance of giving their services with the best quality. The performance of auditors working in auditing groups can also affect the quality of the auditing and reduce the effectiveness of the collection of auditing evidence. As auditing managers’ judgment is based on the information and evidences auditors have gathered, their judgment is not different from what the employees have generated. So auditor’s performance influences the quality of auditing. Behaviors reducing quality of auditing made by what auditors have gained within the auditing period makes the documents less effective. These behaviors could have an abominable effect on quality of auditing and also prejudice reliability of this business. The aim of this research is to discover the common behaviors reducing quality of auditing among superior auditors and its relation with their job satisfaction and their commitments to the audit institution. Information needed for this research has been collected by questionnaires. 150 questionnaires have been sent to private audit institutions all over Iran. The accuracy of assumptions of this research have been examined by regression’s statistical analysis. Consequences of this research indicated that behaviors making the quality of auditing less effective have a meaningful relation with auditor’s job satisfaction and also these reducing behaviors have an indirect relevance with organizational commitments.

Since electricity distribution companies operate in various environmental conditions, their relative efficiency scores used for regulation purposes, should be corrected for environmental factors that could influence the underlying efficiency of them. This paper conducts efficiency correction for 39 Iranian electricity distribution companies applying two stage (DEA and Tobit) analysis in 2015. Accordingly, first to the efficiency performances of the electricity distribution companies are determined using DEA. In the second stage, the Tobit model is emploied to determine the environment factors which may explain the calculated efficiency scores. Based on the results, the rainfall level and the customer mix have negative and positive effects on efficiency of electricity distribution companies, respectively. Hence, the primary efficiency scores of DEA are corrected for environmental influences. The comparison of the primary and the corrected efficiencies indicate a significant changes in the efficiency scores and the ranking of the Iranian electricity distribution companies, such that the efficiency of companies with higher rainfall and lower industrial customers relative to their average, have increased, and vice versa.

The operational budgeting is contemplated de facto¡ as an advanced budgeting method which designate the implicit relation between the planned funding requirements and projected targets of any organization such as banks¡ that in turn can augment and inspire the gross effectiveness¡ ex-efficiency and productivity of banking system¡ in toto. In this paper¡ an attempt is made to study de jure¡ the factors affecting on accomplishment of operational budgeting in Bank Melli Iran¡ viz-a-viz employing the Descriptive-Survey Methods which per se¡ includes case study and Delphi approach for the period 2015-2016¡ thereto. For this purpose¡ we have utilized the Delphi Questionnaire and 5 Choice Questionnaire¡ and in Delphi approach¡ we have specified four factors that may bear significant impact on modus operandi of budgeting in Melli Bank¡ Pro rata. Moreover¡ we have postulated a main hypothesis with four subsidiary hypotheses and have applied the Descriptive and Ratio Inferential Statistical Tests on them to validate the underlying theory and eventually have exerted the Factor Analysis Method to approve the adequacy of data Ipso facto. The results prima facie¡ indicate that four elements i.e. Fundamental¡ Behavioral¡ Structural¡ and Environmental factors are reckoned with outstanding effects on ascendancy of operational budgeting in Melli bank¡ Sui generis. Thus¡ the Melli Bank will be exhorted to adapt and foster those four determinants to optimum level and subsequently¡ pave the way for implementation of operational budgeting¡ Sine qua non.

When the large urban projects (Mega Project) to be loaded on a national scale in a small town, you can see dramatic changes in the market for land and housing in urban settlements. This paper attempts to study the impact of presence and activity of Padideh Shandiz Tourism Company on land and housing market changes examined in 2009 to 2014 from the perspective of citizens. Research methods in this study is application from the goal and descriptive and analytical from the method, library and field data collection methods and data analysis as well as descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (factor analysis and one-sample t-test) were performed. The statistical population community, including families living in Shandiz City on the basis of the 2011 census, with a 10,428 population of 3056 households and is required sample size of 160 households was based on Cochran formula. The findings indicate that the direct effects caused by the presence and activities of Padideh Shandiz Tourism Company in the time interval studied, the statistic 43.6% of the biggest impacts on the land and housing market changes have had on the town. Also based on one sample t-test showed a significant difference between the mean and median of the theoretical (3) Shandiz City from the perspective of citizens that are substantially influence of these factors on land and housing market changes. According to the findings, strategies including attention to urban managements of land and housing market changes in the future, due to the low-income indigenous housing, prevention of social conflicts, provision of infrastructure, etc. have been proposed.

Job satisfaction and individual and environmental factors affecting it, are the most important issues in the organizations because of their direct contact with human capital. Hence, evaluation the effect of individual and environmental factors on job satisfaction of employees in District 18 of Tehran municipality is the main purpose of this research. This is an applied research and data collection did through descriptive survey method. In order to collect primary data, a questionnaire package was used that included 34 questions in Likert scale. Validity of questionnaire was face validity and content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to assess the reliability that was Equal to 0.881 for pre-test and 0.889 for post-test. The population of the study was all the staff of District 18 of Tehran municipality and 300 questionnaires were distributed among them by Stratified random manner. To do this research, two main hypotheses were developed and analyzed in two ways of descriptive and inferential statistics. In the descriptive analysis, the parameters of frequency, percentage, mean were used and to test the hypothesis of independence of the Chi-square test, Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used. The results show a significant positive correlation between environmental factors and job satisfaction there. This data shows that the average job satisfaction of employees is 3.48 and average satisfaction of individual factors and environmental Respectively is equal to 3.77 and 3.14. The results show that individual factors situation is quite adequate, so take action to improve the environment factors is a priority.

The occurrence of negative impacts of economic growth led the intellectuals and policy-makers to consider sustainable development in mid-1970s. Meanwhile, social issues and themes influenced the methods, goals and domain of planning in the midst of a paradigm shift in the area development policy-making. Iran enjoys a background of over 60 years in the area of development planning during which 11 plans were devised. These plans were based on the models and theories that reflect both the external conditions and backgrounds as well as the viewpoints of the policy-makers on the subject of development. Therefore, review and analysis of such plans may help to sketch the theoretical trend of development in Iran. This article tries to survey the methods, goals and domain of development planning in Iran. Who were the activists, taking roles in development planning? To what extent did the environmental factors affect the contents of the development plans? What was the share of social areas such as education, health, housing, welfare and social security in the plans? To answer these questions, the laws and regulations related to development plans before and after the Islamic Revolution of Iran (1988) were reviewed with thematic content analysis using extended Easten black box. According to the findings, background variables of policy-making environment critically affect essential and structural variables. The results indicate that planning in Iran are not socialized from the methods and formulation point of view; meanwhile, social goals have not been considered as the tools of growth or as the tools to reduce negative impacts of economic growth-based policies.