جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « foreign investment » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

The issue of foreign investment and its importance for economic growth and development has long been a concern for policymakers in Iran. To address this, various governments have enacted new laws, invested substantial physical and human capital into the public sector, and set ambitious goals and visions. However, these efforts often overlook the capacity of the executive environment, leading to minimal achievements. Instead, these initiatives have overburdened the executive system, draining its resources.This study, using a new approach called Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA), highlights several key issues undermining the government's ability to attract foreign investment. These include the government's inappropriate paradigm regarding foreign investment, an overemphasis on centralized solutions, a reliance on practices from other countries without adapting them to local conditions, bureaucrats' lack of a shared understanding of the government's capacity, insufficient attention to the local context and the interactions of key actors, and reformers' disregard for existing authority structures.The findings suggest that the government need to espouse a problem-oriented approach rather than a solution-oriented one. It is crucial to consider the local context and the key players involved when formulating policies. This article underscores the need for policymakers to tailor their strategies to the specific challenges they face and to align policy agendas with the actual capacity of the executive environment.

Foreign investment has many positive effects on the host countries. Attracting foreign investment through technology transfer and increasing competitiveness in the business environment probably lead to increasing economic growth and reducing poverty. Developing countries have always been trying to attract more foreign investment by providing the necessary conditions and increasing their competitiveness. In this regard, the governments of these countries have used various initiatives such as signing bilateral investment treaties as a reliable tool to encourage and promote foreign investment. This study has been compiled with the aim of investigating the impact of bilateral investment treaties on foreign investment in Iran. To achieve this purpose, the gravity model approach and the panel data model in the period of 2002 to 2020 have been used. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between signing bilateral investment treaties and the attraction of foreign investment in Iran. Because the sanctions imposed against Iran foreign investment inflows to Iran have significantly reduced. In addition, there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between the variables of the existence of common language, as well as the real GDP of the home countries and the attraction of foreign investment in Iran

Customary international law apparently provides a set of specific, known and established principles to control the legal actions of expropriation of foreign investors. Expropriation of property from foreigners can also lead to the creation of international responsibility for the expropriating government; Unless this work is done based on special conditions, i.e. public interest and in a non-discriminatory manner, and in exchange for compensation. This compensation must be fair, immediate and complete. Considering the vagueness of each of the above three terms and the lack of a clear definition of them on the one hand, as well as providing a precise framework on the other hand, the current practice of international arbitration authorities considers case study to be the best tool in resolving disputes arising from foreign investment expropriation claims. Our attempt in this research will be to examine each of these conditions in the domestic legal system, international documents, and especially the perception of each of them by arbitration authorities

Financial globalization since the mid-1980s has increased capital flows between industrialized and developing countries. However, foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment are the primary and influential factors of globalization. Also, according to theoretical literature, there is a relationship between financial globalization and economic growth of countries dependent on their degree of development, geographical conditions, size of the country in trade, and ..., which may be positive or negative in some cases. On the other hand, sustainable economic growth is one of the preconditions for attracting and exploiting foreign capital. This paper tries to consider the importance of international capital flows (including foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment) as the symbol of financial globalization, investigate the interaction between financial globalization and economic growth in a growth model for D8 countries.

In this regard, the specified econometric model is including three equations for economic growth, foreign direct investment, and foreign portfolio investment. Then for estimating the model, the required data are gathered for D8 countries during 1995-2015, and simultaneous equations method in panel data approaches have been used to evaluate the research problem.

In the specified economic growth equation, the estimated results show a long-run, positive, and statistically significant relationship between economic growth and both types of international investment flows. However, according to the estimated coefficients, the effect of the foreign direct investment on economic growth is more than the foreign portfolio investment in the selected countries during 1995-2015. This result indicates that foreign investment can be a determinant factor for the economic growth in the specified countries. Also, the population growth rate and the fixed capital accumulation positively affect economic growth, while the effect of the real exchange rate and the inflation is negative. In the estimated equation for foreign direct investment, the economic growth, the real exchange rate, and the difference between domestic and foreign interest rates positively affect this variable.In contrast, the coefficient of other variables, including the portfolio investment, the population growth, and the fixed capital accumulation, is negative, and the results indicate substitution between different types of capital flows. Finally, in the portfolio investment equation, the coefficient of the economic growth rate and the number of internet users is positive, and the coefficient of the foreign direct investment and inflation rate are negative. Hence, economic growth is a determinant factor to absorb foreign investment flows. 

As a policy recommendation, policymakers should pay special attention to foreign investment flows, especially foreign direct investment. Using suitable and necessary policies, try to promote infra-structures and capacities of their country to absorb foreign direct investment and generate sustainable economic growth.

One of the appropriate ways to improve the country's position in the economic field at the international level is to pay attention to economic diplomacy.  One of the main goals of economic diplomacy is to attract foreign investment. In fact, adopting appropriate economic diplomacy can improve the level of foreign investment in the country. In order to develop strategies appropriate to the research topic, SWOT analysis method is used The results of the research analysis showed that the appropriate strategy of economic diplomacy in attracting foreign investment should be applied to the country's strengths and opportunities to advance it.. These strategies include holding the annual Iranian Investment Conference and implementing active diplomacy to attract foreign companies and investors to attend the conference, paying attention to and using the privileges and special conditions of the country's geopolitical position in foreign relations design and economic diplomacy.  Effective relationship of embassies with Iranians living abroad to attract and attract their capital, establish regional unions to increase market size to attract foreign investment due to good relations with neighbors and countries in the region, interaction with small companies with the country  The sanctions do not have an exchange, he said, within the framework of the resistance economy.

The question that to what extent taxation influences on direct foreign investment has been the subject matter of many researches to which different responds were given. Some researchers, in general, have considered tax system, others survey specific types of taxes – in particular, corporate income tax- and the rest have focused on tax incentives for Special purpose. Many countries, given those inadequate domestic sources, have a strong tendency to attract foreign investment. The occurrence of double taxation in international economic activities is considered as the main obstacle facing the expansion of foreign investment, so that various solutions provided to avoid it in the international tax system. The methods of avoiding double taxation are divided into unilateral and bilateral ones. Among unilateral methods, exemption and tax credit are more acceptable which have had a positive effect in encouraging foreign investment. In the same way, the bilateral methods mean approval of bilateral enforceable agreements between countries to avoid double taxation. The efficiency of the UN and OECD in the field of tax agreements (bilateral) standards has been more controversial rather than unilateral one.

In accordance with recent developments in globalization trend among nations, international tax law is incrementally approaching to the approved practices of world trade organization (WTO). Accordingly, nations resort to modification of their internal commercial law in a way to be more complied with principles set by WTO. In spite of insistence on justification of internal law and regulations to the rules of WTO in Iran’s fifth development plan, there are some discriminatory measurements, imposed on foreign-sourced goods, services and capital in direct tax law which needs to be amended in order to facilitate accession process for Iran. Examples of these discriminatory measurements in direct tax law are imposing different tax charges on similar activities adopted by local and non-local businesses as well as service contracts and intellectual property assignments.

Financial reporting is regarded as a reassuring link between the providers of financialresources for city management and urban managers. Although financial sustainableresources are necessary for financing the expenses of managing the city and it isnecessary that a considerable financial transaction be made from central government tothe municipality or any other service-providing organization, the experience of othercountries, especially the developed ones, indicate that moving towards providingsustainable financial resources for managing the cities has gained such a status that it isnot easy to ignore it. The current article, first, the concepts of financial clarity andfinancial reporting are introduced and, then, the importance of trust-building forcitizens and investors is investigated, and, at the end, issues in domestic and foreigninvestment and the role whereof on providing financial resources for municipalities areexplicated. The present research is descriptive, method-wise, the purpose of which is toindicate the effect of financial clarity on attracting citizens and domestic and foreigninvestors for financing urban services and projects. The results indicate that financialclarity in organizations better enables domestic and foreign investors to decide oninvestment in the city and that the citizens would take a more active role in managingthe city.

International economics is an essential part of economics and of a great importance in all economic systems, including the economic system of Islam. Not so many studies, however, have been done about this issue from the Islamic viewpoint. In this paper, investigating the economic relations between Muslim countries, we examine their balance of foreign payments and extract their balance of payments (BP) curve. Our hypothesis here is that "eliminating interest rate would not lead to recession in the Muslim's international transactions, and the expected turnover rate can be an efficient substitute for interest rate." On the basis of this hypothesis, and using a library approach, exploiting the ideas of Islamic economics experts, and utilizing the mathematical relations, we have found that economic relations between the countries making an Islamic system are definable, that eliminating the interest rate from Muslim's transactions does not have a negative effect on them, and that such substitutes as the expected turnover rate could be proper substitutes for interest rate. With some assumptions, the relations between Islamic and non- Islamic countries are arguable, with which we have not dealt in this paper.

This study has investigated the major barriers of Foreign Investment in Iran from the investor's viewpoints. In this study, we followed all of the foreign investors that recoursed to the investment organization in a period of three months. 150 questionnaires (including Doing Business Index) were sent via Email, fax and face to face interview, but only 35 questionnaires were returned. Data analysis has been done by use of inferential statistics and SPSS software. We found that: There is significant relationship between index of starting a business, dealing with licenses, employing workers, registering property, protecting Investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, closing a business and Foreign Investment. but there is no meaningful relationship, between index of bank getting credit and Foreign Investment.

The contribution of capital formation in new economic growth models, due to its importance, has been continually expanded. In this paper, based on theoretical analysis and empirical studies, the effects of foreign investment on economic growth with an emphasis on foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment are investigated. The results confirm the strengthening of the role of investment and indicate that among different foreign investment flows, FDI plays the most effective role in economic growth. In addition, due to its creative motivations, FDI shows a clearer and stable prospective in development plans aimed growth. In this direction, according to the results of the study, the flexibility of production structures, capacity of investment absorption in host countries and the intensity of the countries requirement to the foreign financial resources are the most important determinants of FDI effectiveness on the countries’ economic growth.