جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "remittances" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

Given the importance of income inequality, which is one of the major problems of macroeconomics, especially in developing countries, and considering the direct impact of remittances on the income of recipient households, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of remittances on income inequality. In this regard, the panel threshold regression approach for selected developing countries in the period 2018-2000 using the bootstrap simulation method has been used to approximate the asymptotic distribution of test statistics in Stata software. Findings from estimating the non-threshold linear model showed that the relationship between remittances and income inequality is negative and statistically significant, so that increasing the amount of remittances reduces the income inequality by 0.12 units. On the other hand, estimating the threshold fixed effects model indicates the existence of a threshold of 8.43% for the inflation rate and different effects of remittances on income inequality in two different inflation regimes. Considering the threshold effect, in order to investigate the effects of remittances on income inequality, the results show that remittances before the inflation threshold (low inflation regime), remittances reduce income inequality, but after the threshold (High inflation regime) remittances had a negative effect on income inequality but were not statistically significant. Therefore, the existence of high inflation can neutralize the effect of remittances on income inequality in countries with inflation above the threshold. Also, according to the results of the present study, the economic growth variable has reduced income inequality, but the variables of government size, trade openness, population growth rate and unemployment rate have increased income inequality.

The inflow of foreign exchange, such as remittances, which is one of the most important sources of foreign exchange for many countries, may cause sudden changes and fluctuations in the national currency and have undesirable impacts on the economies of these countries. Thus, in this study, the influential factors of real exchange rate volatility in Iran with emphasize on remittances by using ARDL approach over the period 1980-2017 are examined and empirically analyzed. In order to quantify the exchange rate volatility, three methods can be used for the present study, which after selecting the optimal method, the model is estimated. The results indicate that remittances have positive and significant effect on the real exchange rate in the long-run and cause volatility of the real exchange rate; But in the short-run, remittances have negative effect on real exchange and lead to volatility in the real exchange rate in Iran. In addition, GDP per capita has the greatest impact on the real exchange rate volatility, both in the short-run and in the long-run.

This paper investigates the effects of the asymmetric threshold of real exchange rate on poverty through the remittances channel in the 12 selected developing countries during the period of 1980-2017, using Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model. The linearity test results indicate strongly nonlinear relationship among variables under consideration. Moreover, considering one transition function and one threshold parameter, as a two regime model, is sufficient to specification of nonlinear relationship among variables. The results indicate that threshold value for studying countries is 5.87 and the estimated slope parameter is 1.76. Based on the results of model estimation, remittances, GDP per capita and real exchange rate in both the first and second regimes have inconsistent effects on poverty. Remittances and logarithm of exchange rate have positive effect on poverty in first regime and have negative effect in second regime. Also the GDP per capita has negative effect on poverty in both of the regimes, but its effect was less in the second regime.

In many emerging and developing economies, sudden changes and volatilities in the exchange rate can be negatively affect economic growth by decline in investment, trade balance and profitability. Considering the fact that these economies are vulnerable to changes in capital inflows; remittances as one of the most important capital and financial inflows can lead to volatility and uncertainty in the exchange rate of developing countries and cause instability in the economy. Thus In this study, the mutual relationship between real exchange rate volatility and remittances volatility has been investigated and empirically analyzed by the use of Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) and three stage least square (3SLS) of simultaneous equations system approaches in the selected developing countries including Iran over the period 1980-2015. The results demonstrate that there is a relationship between the real exchange rate and remittances volatilities. In the meanwhile, the exchange rate volatility has a greater and significant effect on the volatility of remittances; while their reverse effect is small. In other words, the remittances volatility does not have a significant effect on the exchange rate volatility, which leads to economic stability. In addition, foreign direct investment, government spendings and trade openness cause volatilities in real exchange rates, and on the other side, inflation, financial development, household expenditure per capita and age dependency are the influential factors of remittances volatility in the studied countries.

In this study, the mutual relationship between real exchange rate volatility and remittances has been investigated and empirically analyzed by the use of Moving Average Standard Deviation (MASD) of monthly real exchange rate and panel data method within the framework of three stage least square (3SLS) of simultaneous equations system in the Islamic developing countries (D8) over the period 2005-2016. The results demonstrate that there is a mutual relationship between the real exchange rate volatility and remittances. In the meanwhile, the exchange rate volatility has a greater and significant effect on remittances; while their reverse effect is small. In other words, the remittances inflows don’t have a significant effect on the real exchange rate volatility, which leads to economic stability. In addition, foreign direct investment, government expenditures, terms of trade and trade openness cause volatilities in real exchange rates, and on the other side, GDP per capita, financial development, household expenditure per capita, age dependency and differential interest rate are the influential factors of remittances inflow in the studied countries.

International labor migration is one of the most important and effective socio-economic phenomena that exists in different countries. This phenomenon can have economic impacts on the destination and sending countries. Assessment of these effects can be useful for economic decision making. So, in this paper using a regional computable general equilibrium model (base year 2011), we have addressed the impacts of international labor migration with special attention to the issue of worker’s remittance. To this purpose, we analyzed two different scenarios: 1) ten percent outflow of skilled labor from Iran and 2) ten percent inflow of skilled work force to Iran. The results of the first scenario show that labor outflow negatively impacts on production and exports and positively impacts on prices and imports at the macro and sectoral levels. The negative effects on economic variables will be reduced if the work force outflow combined with remittances. Quantitative results also indicate that remittances improve the income and welfare of households. According to second scenario, inflow of labor increases the sectoral exports and production and decreases imports and prices (macro and sectoral).

Nowadays, Emigrants play an important role in the development of their origins. Some rural emigrants with formation of migrant organizations in large cities such as hometown associations use them to improve the wellbeing, viability and development of their hometown. So their activities and efforts to enhance the viability of rural areas and that makes it belong to the community, participation and stability of rural areas be promoted. The aim of this research is looking for how and through what mechanisms and implications the emigrants impact in promotion of rural wellbeing and rural development. Methodology of this article is based on qualitative research methods. In this qualitative study, data has been collected through techniques of interview, group discussion and oral histories in the hometown associations in Tehran, especially Shabestaries hometown associations (Daryan and Benis), Center of Kurds living/ residing in Tehran, foundation of Khouzestanies living/ residing in Tehran, Association of Mahdi-Sharies/ Sangsaries living/ residing in Tehran; the data has been analyzed by thematic analysis, And the findings have been presented in general. Immigrants and their organizations with strategies such as: “remittances”, “investment in hometown”, “regular travel to hometown”, “transfer of innovations, ideas and capital”, "living as a second home in the village", "rural development measures/ development efforts ", “sending gifts”, “entrepreneurship in hometown”, “trading with hometown” and cases such as such as that mentioned changes the structure and functions of the rural community and thereby lead to rural development. These changes in various areas such as "enhancing various facilities and services in the village", "improving business and employment in rural areas", "local agricultural and economic development", "social vitality of the village", "helping young stability and population increase", "improving living conditions in the village", "rural constructions improvement" and " feeling of peace and tranquility in the village", affected on the development of studied villages. So government agencies can support the establishment of immigrant permanent institutions and hometown associations also they can even encourage immigrants to form these institutions, to be able to use the potentials and forces these institutions and structures to use them for local development and rural well-being.