جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « financial crisis » در نشریات گروه « حسابداری »

In determining the value of the company and financial performance, not only the quantity of profit but also the quality of profit should be paid special attention, because every activity that the company performs faces risks and crises, which in the first place requires identifying the impact of this risk. Crises affect the financial performance of the company, and managers accept different levels of risk in order to maintain their resources in the company. In this study, the effect of risky behavior and financial crisis on the quality of profits and financial performance has been investigated The statistical population of the present study is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2014 to 2018. The sample size according to the screening method and after removing Pet’s observations is equal to 116 companies. Has been used with fixed effects. The results of data analysis of companies using multivariate regression at 95% confidence level show that there is a significant positive relationship between risk-taking behavior on financial performance and profit quality. Gives that the financial crisis has a negative and significant impact on the relationship between earnings quality and financial performance.

operations and accounting adjustments (operating accruals). Since cash flows from operations predict future profitability better than accruals, the inability to distinguish between these two components makes investors optimistic about companies with high accruals. Be pessimistic towards companies with low accruals. Therefore, inexperienced and uninformed investors affect the prices and cause the prices to change; therefore, it is expected that the prices for companies with high accruals will increase irrationally and for companies with low accruals will decrease. As a result, companies with high accruals should have low future abnormal returns and companies with low accruals should have high future abnormal returns. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the financial crisis on the anomaly of accruals by considering the role of investment levels. In order to achieve the goal of the research, two hypotheses have been formulated. In order to test these hypotheses, a sample of 105 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange was selected between 2015 and 2021 using the systematic elimination method. To test the research hypotheses, multivariate regression models have been used using the pooled data method. The results of this research show that the financial crisis has a negative effect on the anomaly of accruals. Also, the results showed that the investment levels strengthen the impact of the financial crisis on the accruals anomaly.

This research was done with the aim of investigating the impact of growth opportunity, profitability and financial crisis on the value of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Based on this, sample information including 138 companies in the 10-year period between 1391 and 1400 was examined and analyzed in line with the research objectives. In this research, company value was considered as a dependent variable and growth opportunity, profitability and financial crisis as independent variables. The analysis of the research hypotheses was done using the combined regression method and panel data regression by Eviuz econometrics software. The results of the hypothesis analysis showed that at the confidence level of 95%, the growth opportunity has a positive and significant effect on the value of the company, therefore, with the increase of the growth opportunity, the value of the company will increase. Profitability has a positive and significant effect on the value of the company, so with the increase in profitability, the value of the company will increase. The financial crisis has a negative and significant effect on the value of the company, therefore, with the increase of the financial crisis, the value of the company will decrease.

Abstract Information is the most expensive element of the capital market that investors can rely on to make the most out of profitable market opportunities. The information content of accounting figures from the standpoint of accounting standards refers to the characteristics that the information presented in the financial statements can help to make a decision.This study tries to study the information content theory of accounting figures in financial crisis. In this study, the financial crisis is measured by three criteria: operating loss, negative operating cash flow and cumulative loss. The sample consisted of 167 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2008 to 2017. The results show that all three variables of operating loss, negative operating cash flow and accumulated loss have significant effect on the relationship between earnings per share and book value per share and stock price. This is consistent with information content theory. In other words, variables of operating loss have negative operating cash flow and accumulated loss of information content and improve the usefulness of the decision.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the company's business strategies and management abilities with profit quality during the financial crisis (economic recession). For this purpose, the financial crisis is considered as a moderating variable on the relationship between differentiation and cost leadership strategies and the ability to manage profit quality. The current research is of an applied type and the method used in it is a correlational descriptive type and based on the information published by the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2014 and 2019 and based on a sample of 121 companies, and the statistical method was used. It includes the fitted multivariate regression model. The results of the research hypotheses test indicate that the financial crisis strengthens the relationship between differentiation strategy and profit quality, weakens the relationship between cost leadership strategy and profit quality, and has no effect on the relationship between management ability and profit quality.

Companies operating in global markets that prepare their financial statements based on international accounting standards adopted the fair value approach a few years before the start of the 2008 financial crisis as part of the new regulations of international financial reporting standards. However, there are still debates about the role of IFRS and reliance on fair value accounting in weakening the stability of the financial system. In other words, fair value accounting is at the center of discussion regarding the causes and consequences of recent financial crises. One of the ways to deal with such issues is through value relevance studies. These studies focus on the role of key accounting figures, such as book value of equity and net profit, in supporting and validating company valuation in various circumstances. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of investment companies' exposure to fair value accounting on changing the valuation roles of key accounting items in financial crises.

Considering its data collection method, this is a descriptive-correlational study. It is an applied study, carried out using the Ex-Post Facto approach. In this research, according to the type of data, the multiple regression method with panel data was used. The data needed for testing the hypotheses were extracted from the text of the audited financial statements of the companies and the stock exchange websites. Since studies are considered to be based on event-type value relevance, short-term intervals are much more effective, especially in the economy of Iran, where variables such as exchange rates are very influential on stock pricing. Based on this, the period of this research includes eight interim financial reporting periods from 21/06/2019 to 21/06/2021. The first four periods were considered as the ones before the crisis and the next four as the time of the crisis. According to the available information of 76 firms during eight seasons, the firm is limited to 608 firms-courses.

In line with the research question, three hypotheses were designed. The evidence obtained to examine the first hypothesis indicated that in companies with the least amount of exposure to fair value accounting, the earnings number has an increasing content of information compared to the equity book value. In this type of investment company, it is usually difficult to estimate the net value of assets and it is associated with measurement error. The evidence of the interaction effect between the number of assets reported with fair value and the equity book value showed that this factor does not have a significant effect on the valuation role of the book value of equity. This is while the coefficient of earning is negative and significant and indicates a less positive relationship between market value and earning (i.e. reducing the role of earning valuation) in the case of companies that are more exposed to fair value accounting. The estimation results of the second model, designed in line with the second hypothesis, implied that the result of the interaction of crisis with key accounting items is both positive and significant. Accordingly, during a financial crisis, the relationship between the value of earnings and the equity book value is strengthened. However, the increase in the value of the variable coefficient of earning in interaction with the crisis is greater than the coefficient of the equity book value. Based on the achieved results, during a crisis, investment companies can realize profit by selling shares, and the faster this happens, the better companies realize the remaining unrealized profits caused by the growth of prices during the boom. By realizing a profit, they prevent the decrease of their portfolio value during the recession. Also, investment companies with more potential to receive cash profits from investable companies during the recession can still be positively valued regardless of the decrease in the daily value of the portfolio due to falling prices. The result of the interaction of the simultaneous occurrence of the financial crisis and fair value accounting on the value relevance of the equity book value indicated the weakening of this relationship, and in the case of earning, it showed the strengthening of the relationship. Therefore, if both the influencing factors of the financial crisis and the level of exposure to fair value accounting are simultaneously considered, the value relationship weighting system of companies that are more exposed to fair value accounting and are in a financial crisis will be changed in favor of earning value relationship. In other words, for such companies, the book value of equity is reduced from the value relationship and the value relevance of earning is added. Accordingly, the findings of the empirical models indicated that: 1) companies that are more exposed to fair value accounting have a lower earning value relevance, 2) During a financial crisis, the equity book value and especially the net earnings increase, and 3) More exposure to fair value accounting during the financial crisis reduces the value relevance of the equity book value and increases the value relevance of earning.

If both the financial crisis and the level of exposure to fair value accounting are considered at the same time, the value relevance weighting system of firms that are more exposed to fair value accounting and are experiencing a financial crisis changes in favor of value relevance of earning. In other words, for this group of firms, the value relevance of the equity book value is reduced and the value relevance of earning is added. Therefore, the exposure of financial statements to fair value accounting should be considered as an influencing factor when studying the valuation roles of key accounting items, i.e. book value of equity and earnings, especially when companies are facing financial crises.

Financial resources are the most important need of companies to continue their activities. Some companies may face a financial crisis, in which case they will face financial shortages and continue their activities. The factors that can affect the financial crisis are profit management and managers' ability. The aim of the current research is to investigate the relationship between profit management and financial crisis with emphasis on management ability. This research is practical from the point of view of purpose, and from the point of view of correlation methodology, it is causal type (post-event). The statistical population of the research is all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, and using the systematic elimination sampling method, 134 companies were selected as the research sample in the 6-year period between 2013 and 2018. The method used to collect information is a library, and the relevant data for measuring the variables were collected from the Kodal website and the financial statements of the companies. Stata software was used to test research hypotheses. The results of the research show that there is a direct relationship between profit management and financial crisis. However, the effect of management ability on the financial crisis is reversed and significant. Also, management ability has an inverse and significant effect on the relationship between profit management and financial crisis. According to the results of this research, it can be concluded that in companies where profit management takes place, managers manipulate profits for their personal interests and cause the company to suffer financial crisis. But if the ability of managers is more in the company. Capable managers benefit from profit management in order to reduce the financial crisis, and with the increase in the capabilities of managers, the probability of the occurrence of a financial crisis decreases.

In this research, the critiques of fair value have been studied and an interpretation of these achievements has been provided. Opinions about fair value fall into three categories. A group that strongly supports it. A group that strongly opposes it and a group that for some reason have concerns about it. Understanding the reasons for criticisms of fair value requires a better understanding of the concept of fair value, especially from a theoretical perspective and the evolution of this measurement system. Therefore, in a segment of this research, the historical, political and social contexts that have led to the formation of fair value in different parts of the world have been studied.

The method used is meta-synthesis which is one of the qualitative methods. In this regard, the steps of arranging research questions, systematically reviewing the literature, searching and selecting appropriate texts, extracting information, analyzing and combining qualitative findings, and presenting interpretations on existing interpretations have been performed.

Review, identification, typology, classification and analysis of different areas of research in the field of fair value from a theoretical-critical perspective is presented. The research represents eight areas of special interest, including theories used in measurement systems, reasons for the formation of fair value, its relationship with standardization and its uses, the role of the theoretical framework of financial reporting in development of fair value, advantages of fair value, disadvantages of fair value, effect of Fair value on financial crises, auditing challenges of fair value and the effect of capitalist and communist financial systems on fair value.

In this study, critiques and challenges on fair value from a theoretical and critical perspective over the last two decades were identified. This research can be used as a roadmap for researchers in fair value studies. It shows the areas of interest in this regard and the sections that can be studied in the future.

Companies that are valued more than their real value, do not have the ability to achieve the expected level of performance, proportionate with the stock market price and managers due to the many benefits of very high stock prices, such as easy access to capital market funds, higher job security and more rewards, instead of correcting equity overvaluation, they use various techniques such as earnings management to support incorrect stock values. Certainly, in the years when the company's financial situation is unfavorable and there are signs of moving towards a financial crisis for the managers, the incentive to earning management increases in order to hide the poor performance of the company and take measures to justify the stock incorrect prices. Given the importance of the subject of equity overvaluation and its consequences, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between equity overvaluation and company's financial crisis and the role of earnings management on this relationship.

According to the purpose of the study, this research is applied research. To investigate the subject, data of 104 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange for the period from 2011 to 2020 was selected. Data analysis and hypotheses testing was performed using Panel Generalized Linear Models and logistic regression model by R software. Equity overvaluation based on the Rhodes-Kropff et al. (2005) method are measured and companies in financial crisis based on the existence of each of the three conditions: 3 consecutive years of loss, a 40% reduction in dividends over the previous year and subject to Article 141 of the Commercial low, was selected. 

The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between equity overvaluation and financial crisis. In other words, equity overvaluation (increasing evaluation errors) increases the risk of corporate financial crisis. Other findings suggest that earnings management does not moderate the relationship between equity overvaluation and financial crisis. 

Given that the equity overvaluation is not permanent and the stock market value will move towards the real value, in the end, the equity overvaluation will lead to operating loss, net loss and consecutive retained loss for the company and will cause the company will not be able to have the necessary cash resources for dividends and will face a reduction in dividends and eventually, based on the losses, more than half of the company's capital will be lost. So, when the stock market value is above its real value and the company is not able to provide the performance needed to justify its stock market value, Can reduce the company's profitability and increase likelihood of inability to repay interest and debt, lower corporate cash inflow from total interest expense for long-term debt, losing or being negative Special value of the company which in fact each of these, indicates the company's entry into the financial crisis that in the last and most acute phase of the financial crisis, it can lead to bankruptcy of companies.

Predicting earnings management provides information about the expected earnings of any particular company and is a key aspect of disclosure. Managers, as the most knowledgeable of the current and future status of the company, pass on their information to outsiders, thereby reducing information asymmetry. On the other hand, based on the opportunistic approach, the manager predicts optimistic profits by using disclosure policies to avoid work problems and threatening loss of management credibility as well as financial problems during the financial crisis. However, auditors with greater independence and less collusion with the manager and the ability to detect distortions are better able to monitor management reports. In a time of financial crisis, optimistic earnings forecasts are limited. Much research has been done on predicting managers 'earnings, but so far the impact of audit quality on the relationship between managers' earnings forecasting and the financial crisis has not been addressed. Therefore, the present study examines managers' earnings forecast and financial crisis with emphasis on audit quality. In this regard, a sample of 109 companies listed in the Stock Exchange during the period 2011-2017 was selected and tested. The results using multivariate regression show that the financial crisis increases the optimistic forecast of management. However, audit quality with Type II error criteria does not affect the relationship between financial crisis and optimistic forecasting of managers.

The present study examines the relationship between political connections and corporate financial crisis and auditing fees. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of methodology of correlation is causal (post-event). The statistical population of the study was all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and using the systematic elimination sampling method, 110 companies were selected as a sample of the research in a 6-year period between 2012 and 2017. The method used to collect information is a library and the relevant data for measuring variables were collected from the Cadal site and the companies' financial statements and performed in Excel. Used. The results show that there is an inverse and significant relationship between political relations and the financial crisis. Also, there is a significant inverse relationship between political communication and auditing fees.

The aim of this research is to determine interactive effect of the auditor's size on the relationship between political connections, financial crisis and agency costs. Auditors can affect the selection of accounting methods by management and undesirable effects of ownership separation of and management can be diluted by reducing information asymmetry between consumers and suppliers. Top executives and administrators are often considered powerful because they can benefit from a set of benefits. A strong increase in financial confidence can lead to the bankruptcy of a large financial or non - financial institution. It is directly related to mistrust of the government's future policies. The statistical sample of this research consists of 90 companies in the time period of 1388 to 1396. The inferential statistic is based on logit regression, in which the combined data analysis and integration is used. The results of the first hypothesis showed that audit quality has a significant negative effect on the financial crisis of companies. The results of the second hypothesis showed that the effect of mediating the audit quality on the relationship between political connections and agency costs has a significant negative effect. The results of the third hypothesis showed that the effect of the mediating effect of audit quality on the relationship between political connections and financial crisis has no significant effect.

The financial crisis is not a new phenomenon in the world.the structure of an economy or group of economics may encounter with financial crisis. Considering that financial crisis subject is one of the most important subjects in the economics world, thus purpose of this research is to study the value information of earnings componets in Global financial crisis period in Companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchang.This research time zone is from the year 2013 to 2017 and totally 126 companies will be studied.The upcominy research aim is practical and it is method is descriptive-solidarity in this research; linear regression model is used in order to test the hypothesis statistical a method which is used in this research is panel data method.The hypothesis test results shows that value of information is related to discretionary accruals and operation cash flow was different and less I financial crisis period in companison with previous period.Although according to the results, a significant difference between non-discretionary accruals value information in Global financial period and previous was not observed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social responsibility, financial crisis and bankruptcy probability with emphasis on the company's quality of earnings in Tehran Stock Exchange. The sampled companies of Tehran Stock Exchange were selected according to specific constraints, including a sample of 112 active companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The domain of the research period consists of a seven-year period based on the financial statements of the companies under study during the years 2011-2017. For testing of assumptions, multivariate linear logistic regression and logistic using EVIEWS software version 9 were used. Is. The results show that there is no statistically significant relationship between social responsibility and earning quality with financial crisis and bankruptcy probability. Also, the quality of profit does not have a significant effect on the relationship between social responsibility, financial crisis and bankruptcy probability

Although the financial crisis of firms taking place currently and but if firms deal with the great crisis, will lose the brand and trade mark' reliability so then the market share will treat in competing atmosphere. The study analyze the impact of intellectual capital on interfnal financial crisis during 2009 -2015 to answer the question that how intellectual capital be able and capable to manage the financial crisis? Do company's increasing intellectual capital as well as human capital to control the financial crisis deal with fraudlent reporting possibility?  Following the case, the financial data for 174 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange processed. Fraudulent reporting possibility measured by fraudulent possibility and earning management while the quality of intellectual capital measured by palik model (2000). Research findings by the multi variable regression model indicates that by 95 percent assurance the intellectual capital have negative and significant impact on financial crisis of companies. While the intellectual capital and fraudulent reporting possibility by the both model indicates the positive and significant relationship.

Tax is one of the most important business costs imposed on companies, which has a direct impact on the profitability and wealth of shareholders. Companies around the world often use tax management practices to find ways to reduce tax on profits from their operations. Tax administration is in fact a different tax planning strategy to reduce tax liabilities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of corporate size moderator on the relationship between financial crisis, ownership structure and tax management. The ownership structure used in this research includes institutional ownership, management ownership, and state ownership. To analyze the data and test the hypotheses, the linear regression model has been used for estimating generalized least squares (EGLS). Evidence and empirical results of the research showed that financial and management ownership variables have a direct and significant effect and institutional ownership variables have a negative effect on corporate tax management. No significant relationship was found between government ownership and tax administration. The size of the company also strengthens the relationship between financial crisis and tax administration and weakens the relationship between institutional ownership and tax administration. Therefore, it is possible to get the conditions of the companies including the management system and their ability to provide financial resources as the determining factors of tax management. Also, the size of the company modifies the role of these factors in determining tax administration.

The companies which getting in to financial crisis, deals with earning decrease and as a result, share value decrease. Company managers' may increase accruals' uses to be able to manage the earning and to prevent the more decrease on company profit. Or maybe managers come to know that using the accruals will not take out the company from crisis conditions and make possible the profit identification. Therefore, in such conditions, managers' motivation to utilize the accruals and earning management will decrease and possibility of fraudulent reporting will decrease. While managers' making various decisions in financial crisis conditions regarding earning management and fraudulent activity. The main purpose of the present research is determining the impact of financial crisis on probability of fraudulent reporting and stock value. The research findings by multivariate regression method and panel data fixed effect approach for 174 stock market listed companies during 1389–1394 indicates that financial crisis has negative and significant effect on all three variables including probability of fraudulent, earning management and stock value.