جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « صنعت بیمه » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

Insurance is a financial service designed to manage risks. Insurance always helps the country's growth by preventing uncertain losses and providing security for economic growth. In developed and civilized societies, the insurance industry is known as one of the main economic institutions and the most important support institution for other economic institutions, organizations, companies and families. In Iran's twenty-year vision document, development is mentioned as one of the most important goals, and the insurance industry, with its support, plays an important and key role in its realization. One of the most important measures that can be taken to identify complications and improve the performance of insurance companies; Continuous performance evaluation of different parts of this industry. Among the various departments of insurance companies, the insurance sales network is in close contact with the customer more than the other departments and generates income for the insurance company by selling insurance products and receiving the relevant premiums. The insurance sales network with its optimal performance can create a great competitive advantage for the insurance company. Among the different parts of the sales network, insurance agencies are of double importance due to their large number and geographical spread throughout the country. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the performance and rating of insurance agencies in order to know the quality of their performance. Evaluating the performance of insurance agencies leads to continuous improvement of their performance. With the help of performance evaluation results, insurance agencies can increase their efficiency and find better performance, and as a result, their sales increase and customer satisfaction increases. One of the most useful methods in evaluating the performance and rating of the insurance industry is the DEA method. The basic models of DEA, despite having many advantages, also have disadvantages. The main defects of these methods are not paying attention to internal processes, not taking into account expert opinions and not fully ranking the units. The integrated model of two-stage DEA and BWM considers the internal process and experts' opinion in the ranking process, but this model is not always able to completely rank the units. By adding an ideal virtual unit to the integrated model of two-stage DEA and BWM, this research has simultaneously fixed the three aforementioned problems and developed the model. Adding the ideal virtual unit to the integrated model makes the ranking of the units complete and provides better results. In a case study, 36 representatives of selected insurance companies in Yazd province were evaluated and ranked using the developed model. In order to validate the model with the SAW method, the ranking of agencies was also done. The results of the correlation coefficient of the ranking of SAW model with other models presented in this research showed that the ranking results with the integrated two-stage model with the virtual ideal unit have a higher correlation with the SAW model than the other models of this research. The value of this correlation is 94%. In the end, based on the efficiency rating of the first and second stages, management strategies to improve the performance of each of the insurance company's agencies were stated.

Human resource motivation, along with knowledge and attitude, is one of the vital components for understanding behaviors. This understanding of the human resource motivation process requires a systematic approach. In this regard, Vroom's expectancy theory is an almost complete theory related to human resource motivation. The present study was conducted using qualitative research and thematic analysis methods of semi-structured interviews to identify the implications and antecedents of human resource motivation in the insurance industry using Vroom's expectancy theory. The statistical population of the study included 14 managers from the insurance industry. They were selected by non-probabilistic and snowball sampling methods.  The analysis of the extracted data was done by thematic analysis method in MAXQDA software. Accordingly, 82 indicators in the form of 12 sub-categories were identified. One of them is extrinsic motivation factors, including 4 dimensions of working conditions, sense of job security, opportunities for job progress and promotion, financial rewards, and financial and non-financial rewards given to human resources. Another component is intrinsic motivation factors, including 3 dimensions of diversity and challenges related to job skills and duties, positive feedback from managers and colleagues, and appreciation or punishment to motivate human resources. Interactive justice refers to justice in the relationship between human resources and the organization. Procedural justice is related to justice in the implementation of processes and organizational policies. Distributive justice is related to justice in the distribution of resources and rewards in the organization. Eleven primary categories include human resource motivation, innovation, performance in performing tasks, organizational silence, love of work, gender beliefs about the role in the organization, job burnout, perceived organizational support, attitude towards teamwork, organizational justice, and organizational supervision. Thus, by implementing the strategies presented in the research model, it is expected that the insurance industry will achieve a significant achievement in the field of human resource motivation.

This research was conducted with the aim of compiling and validating the challenges and mechanisms of sales and marketing coordination in the insurance industry in Iran in order to improve organizational performance and create a competitive advantage. This study was conducted with a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In the qualitative part, by interviewing 15 insurance industry experts and using the foundation's data theory, the framework of the model was formulated. In the quantitative part, 181 managers and senior experts of insurance companies completed the questionnaires and the data were analyzed with SPSS software and validated with the sign test. The findings showed that the use of intelligent information technology platforms, a comprehensive platform for insurance services and the provision of real-time and periodical performance evaluation reports, the implementation of the risk management dashboard, the development of the organization's internal network infrastructure, and the commitment of the board of directors to organizational planning are very effective in this matter. It is recommended that managers increase coordination between sales and marketing departments by implementing and following up plans, holding training courses and defining operational plans.

The development of entrepreneurial businesses is one of the main platforms for creating people-oriented growth in society. Considering that the conditions of the business environment of each country is one of the main factors influencing investors' decisions, the attention of economists and policymakers to improving the business and investment environment has increased significantly in recent years. Based on this, the current research has been carried out with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the economic factors affecting the development of entrepreneurial business. The research is a quantitative type of research and in terms of purpose it is included in applied research and in terms of data collection it is included in survey research. After extracting the dimensions and components from the theoretical bases, in order to reach a theoretical agreement, using the fuzzy Delphi technique, the factors were provided to the experts to be refined. Then structural equation technique was used for validation. The society under study is the insurance industry, and therefore, in order to form an expert panel, 15 experts from this industry who had expert conditions were used by purposeful sampling. To test the model, the statistical population including 1220 middle level managers of this industry was considered. To calculate the sample size, Cochran's formula was used and 292 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling. Field data collection method and data collection tool is questionnaire. The validity of the research questionnaire was confirmed according to the opinion of professors and experts, and its reliability was also confirmed through Cronbach's alpha (0.89). The results showed that the final model of the research has three dimensions and nine components, which in the dimension of governance includes: financing, intellectual property rights, development of technological entrepreneurial activities. In terms of contractual affairs, it includes: internal and external investment, transfer of technical knowledge and new international business approaches, and establishment of innovation acceleration centers. In the side of cooperative affairs, it includes: creation of financial support for start-ups, free and public skills training, and adherence to ethical economy. Also, the results showed that among the components of contractual affairs, the component of "Establishment of Innovation Acceleration Centers" has the highest correlation with the dimension. Therefore, in order to develop entrepreneurial businesses, supporting the entry of the private sector into holding entrepreneurial events and establishing innovation accelerators should be placed on the agenda of the trustees before any action.

Digital transformation can impact companies, business models, communications, and products, enhancing company performance and driving growth. The primary objective of this research is to develop a conceptual model for digital insurance.
 
This research is exploratory and descriptive, conducted using a qualitative approach grounded in theory. The data collection method involved semi-structured interviews with 11 insurance industry experts, selected through purposive sampling. Coding was performed according to Strauss and Corbin's framework, including open, axial, and selective coding.
 
The codes and components of digital insurance—comprising 355 open codes, 16 sub-categories, and 6 main categories—were extracted from the interviews and organized into a conceptual data model. The central categories include digital insurance itself, causal conditions (such as generational change, the internationalization of the insurance industry, and the diversity of insurance services), context conditions (including technological, organizational, and cultural contexts), and intervening conditions (like legal requirements and industry characteristics). Additionally, strategies incorporating a strategic, systematic, and transformative approach, along with the development of digital culture and thinking, were employed. Ultimately, the digital insurance model will influence proposed business model values, intra-organizational benefits, and environmental considerations.
Digital transformation is defined as the transformation of a company to offer new or developed products to customers. One of the empowering factors in presenting new proposals is the use of information technology. The insurance industry is one of the most important service industries in Iran, which, in recent years, has provided many of its services online. Also, due to the presence of startups in the field of insurance services, we are witnessing the emergence of digital insurance features in this industry as a value proposition. In other words, if the digitization of organizations does not lead to value propositions and internal benefits, we have simply achieved a change in hardware and software, and there has been no digital transformation. In the digital transformation model, an important point that is sometimes overlooked is the transformational frequencies that will be emitted from the environment around the industry. In digital transformation, necessary actions, planning, and predictions must be made to address these reflections. According to the results, it is suggested to pay attention to new hardware technologies to help the development and digital transformation in the insurance industry, especially in sectors that create serious barriers to the issue of risk authenticity. Additionally, the development of digital culture in society, related organizations, and legal and regulatory institutions is necessary to support digital development and transformation in the insurance industry, and protection laws and amendments to laws and regulations that hinder digital transformation should be on the agenda. Finally, it should be noted that today the development and influence of the Internet in all societies have reached a very high level, and we are witnessing the same situation in Iran. Digital transformation can affect companies, business models, communications, and products, and improve corporate performance and growth. The process of digitalization is closely related to the use of information and communication technology in the insurance sector.

Currently, the insurance industry in Iran is facing challenges such as process complexity, high costs, and declining customer trust. As a result of these challenges, there is a need for new requirements to improve performance and enhance efficiency in the insurance industry. In this regard, the implementation of a DAO is proposed as a novel solution, which, with the help of blockchain technology and smart contracts, can address many of the existing problems in the insurance industry. This concept is at the core of this research, which investigates whether DAO can be implemented in the insurance industry and what challenges exist in implementing DAO insurance organizations in Iran. To achieve the research objectives, a qualitative approach and grounded theory methodology were used. Data collection tools included semi-structured interviews, and information was gathered by purposive sampling method with 16 experts and experienced individuals in the insurance industry and some active professors in the field of blockchain technology. Data analysis was conducted using the Strauss and Corbin method and the paradigm model, resulting in the extraction of 317 concepts, 69 categories, and 24 factors. This research, for the first time in the country, examines the implementation of DAO insurance organizations and the factors affecting them, identifies implementation challenges, and provides solutions to address them. Additionally, the results and outcomes of implementing this model are discussed.

Group health insurance pricing is a key component in purchasing these products; in this way, if the price set for group health coverage is too high, it can easily dissuade policyholders from staying with that company, and if it is too low, it can make it difficult for insurance companies to fulfill their obligations. Preliminary investigations have shown that two main factors cause the increase of the loss ratio of health insurance. First, the determination of non-technical premium rates due to the low premiums received or price reduction in the supplementary health insurance market and secondly, the high medical insurance costs which can be due to several reasons. Among the challenges of high health insurance losses in Iran related to pricing, we can mention the inability of insurance companies to increase insurance premiums in proportion to the increase in tariffs and the unrealistic premiums in health insurances. In fact, prices should reflect real costs and take into account the goals of the broader health insurance system. In this regard, considering that group health insurances are always among the loss-making fields in the Iran's insurance industry and have a high loss ratio in the insurance industry, it is very important to identify the challenges of group health insurance rating, which will be discussed in this paper.

The research method used is of a mixture type (qualitative-quantitative), which research data was collected using library study and interview. The statistical population of the research includes managers and health insurance specialists in the Iran's insurance industry, who were interviewed by snowball sampling and semi-structured interviews until theoretical saturation was reached. In this research, firstly, insurance companies were identified based on the share of the country's health insurance market and health portfolio, and leading companies in the field of health were identified, and interviews were conducted with the health managers and deputy directors of these companies, and then, academic experts in this field were also interviewed. In the next step, the interviewees were asked to introduce the managers/specialists of health who are proficient and experienced in the field of issuing group health insurances. Research team also interviewed the second group of sample members, and the sampling continued until theoretical saturation of the interviews. In order to reach the saturation point, the field study should continue until no new evidence is obtained from the data in the qualitative research process. In this research, this method was also used and after the interviews reached the point of saturation and no new code was received in the subject, two more interviews were conducted to ensure theoretical saturation. After conducting interviews, relevant texts were implemented and words, sentences and concepts were identified and summarized in the form of open coding method. Then, the counted codes were re-examined and after reducing categories, removing duplicate categories and merging smaller categories into bigger ones, they were defined as main categories and analyzed.

Based on the results of the research, the main challenges that can be posed in the pricing of group health insurance can be placed in three categories: risk assessment (such as the use of traditional methods and non-compliance with actuarial principles, non-proportion of insurance premiums with services and tariffs and their full price, freedom of action of insurance companies, etc.), holding tenders and false competition (such as the disproportion of insurance premiums with competitive items in the market, price cutting and unhealthy competition, focusing on attracting portfolios instead of focusing on providing appropriate services, etc.) and legal and regulatory (such as non-enforceability of some by-laws, lack of proper monitoring of group medical insurance rates, etc.), among which, insurance companies' dumping and providing non-technical rates to attract customers has a high share in these challenges.

In order to solve the existing challenges in this field, the insurance industry can use different solutions. In the regulatory sector, the supervisory body can set up a system for registering large tenders and evaluate all the requests of the policyholders based on the coverages that can be provided in Regulation no. 99 of the Supreme Insurance Council and on the other hand, evaluate the rates provided by the insurance companies in order to ensure the appropriateness of the rates. In this regard, the supervisory body can annually set rates as the minimum base rate in group health insurance and oblige insurance companies to apply this rate floor. In the risk assessment section, insurers can strengthen the databases to monitor the insurance behavior of their policyholders and identify and apply risk bases for accurate risk assessment.

The aim of present study is to identify indicators for development capabilities of digital marketing insurance industry indexes in Iran. It is a development- applied research and it is a descriptive- survey by nature and it is also the mixed type of qualitative and quantitative approach. In this study, extraction of indicators for development capabilities of digital marketing with the help of textual content analysis method is performed and then these indicators are screened in the insurance industry by using Delphi technique and finally, the indicators have been categorized by using the exploratory factor analysis method. In the textual content analysis section, the statistical population of the research includes documents and upstream records related to the development of digital marketing capabilities and the sampling method is purposeful. In Delphi section, the statistical population of the study was 10 insurance industry experts who were selected using purposive sampling and the statistical population in the exploratory factor analysis section is 384 insurance industry experts who were selected by using random sampling method. The field study tool of this research is a questionnaire. Findings show that knowledge of the set of factors and indicators for development of digital marketing capabilities of the insurance industry in Iran is very important for managers and researchers. These indicators include environmental advertising, SMS advertising, customer relationship, and etc. Finally, according to the indicators, indicators were categorized in the three dimensions of marketing research, organization's digital organization, and customer-related factors.

One of the important issues that has attracted the attention of economists over the past decades is the role of financial systems in the economic growth of countries. Insurance industry is one significant component of financial markets. Therefore, the stability and efficiency of insurance industry as a financial market sector is important for a country's economy. One of the most crucial changes in Iran's insurance industry is the regulations having been made in recent years. One main goal of regulation is to eliminate problems of market failure and improve efficiency. This research investigates the effect of these regulations on the efficiency of insurance companies in Iran.

The studied community is 27 insurance companies in the country and the relevant statistics were collected for the years 1385-1400 Persian Year (2005-2020). This study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, the efficiency of insurance companies has been measured, using the method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) with the bootstrap approach. The implicit assumption of the traditional data envelopment analysis method is that the inputs and outputs are definite. But the output of an insurer is not necessarily certain. To solve this problem, we can use the bootstrap approach to obtain statistical characteristics for this technique. In the second stage, in order to investigate the effect of regulation on efficiency, according to the reviewed studies, the purpose of the present study, and the conditions of Iran's insurance industry, the effective factors on efficiency are determined and the regression model is defined. Then, the dynamic regression model was estimated using the generalized method of moments (GMM) and the related tests confirmed the validity of the results of the model. To calculate the efficiency and estimation of the model, MATLAB and Eviews software were used.

The most important finding of the research is the significant effect of regulation on efficiency. Also the coefficient of regulation, market share, and privateness of insurance companies are estimated as -0.066, 0.041 and 0.306 respectively.

The results of the research show that regulation had a negative effect on the efficiency of insurers and led to a decrease in their efficiency, but the market share and the privateness of insurance companies had a positive effect on the efficiency. In the end, suggestions for improving the efficiency of insurers have been presented.

The purpose of this study was to design and validate the franchisor growth model in Iran insurance industry. To achieve this goal, descriptive-analytical research method and structural equation modeling were used. The statistical population included all managers of Alborz insurance company and its outlets in East Azarbaijan province that entire population was selected using census method as study sample (120 individuals). The results showed that 30 drivers on eight principle components explain 74.32% of the variance of franchisor growth drivers in Iran's insurance industry, and based on the model of franchisor growth drivers, characteristics of insurance business through the franchise characteristics, the franchise system dispersion and the brand reputation, and then through the reliability, knowledge sharing, and conflict management affect the intention to continue cooperation.

Data mining is known as a process of discovering patterns in large datasets through a combination of statistical tools and techniques. In recent years, data mining and its applications in different businesses have increasingly grown. Insurance industry is one of the data-driven businesses whose survival is so dependent on satisfying customers besides achieving the highest benefit. Information or data is a vital asset of the insurance industry ;accordingly, using data mining techniques to discover patterns behind large datasets is a need. Having seen the increasingly high rate of information technology and recorded data in data-driven businesses, lots of industries like the insurance industry have been urged to use state-of-the-art data mining techniques to turn raw data into useful information using Big Data Analytics. Looking at the current research on data mining applications in the insurance industry proves the fact that we should recognize the state-of-the art techniques in data mining and set new strategies to focus on Big Data Analytics more. Big Data Analytics consists of the algorithms which are more efficient and less time-consuming so it can help to identify patterns and rules in complex datasets. For this purpose, this paper presents a comprehensive literature review regarding the usage of data mining techniques in the insurance industry by the scientometrics approach. For this purpose, first we searched and gathered bibliometrics files of recent researches from Web of Science and Scopus into four different scenarios. In each scenario, we looked up for different keywords regarding “Data Mining”, “Insurance Industry”, and “Risk Management” to make sure that all the results would be specifically focused on the research topic. Then, we used R programming software to analyze the results of each scenario based on keywords co-occurrence in the given research. The results of keywords co-occurrence and a word cloud of recent research confirm that insurance companies should focus on Big Data Analytics instead of traditional data processing to get information systematically from too large or complex datasets. Big Data Analytics has been used for several years, but in recent years many data-driven businesses, like the insurance industry, have used its techniques associated with risk and risk factor identification. Risk management in the insurance industry has been widely considered in recent researches. Therefore, in this paper, some high-ranked journals and the most significant researches have been identified and recommended in order to pave the way for future researches in this field. We hope that the comprehensive literature review provided in this paper can help the researchers to focus on the relative journals and researches published then get into more details. For this purpose, the lists of all journals and conferences besides the most cited researches are provided in the experimental section of this paper. Also, the ranking list of different countries from all around the world related to data mining and Big Data Analytics in the insurance industry is presented. The results show that Iran is the 15th  country that uses data mining techniques and it is the 17th  country in the world focusing on risk management in the insurance industry.

Affiliate marketing is one of the traditional marketing methods that has been greatly welcomed with the growth of Internet tools in the context of digital marketing. Therefore, the current research was conducted to present the model of affiliate marketing in the insurance industry. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the research is the managers of insurance companies, 17 of whom were selected using the purposeful sampling method. The data collection tool is an interview in the qualitative part and a questionnaire in the quantitative part, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed using the content method and theoretical validity and intra-coder and inter-coder reliability. In this research, qualitative data were analyzed with the content analysis method and Maxqda software, and quantitative results were analyzed with the ISM method. The findings of the research include the identification of the components affecting the implementation of the affiliate marketing program and its consequences. The results of the research show that the implementation of affiliate marketing will increase credibility and confidence in the business sector, increase website traffic and visits, and reduce costs and speed of publication.publication.hjjhh mk

This research is organized with the aim of designing a dynamic model to evaluate the effectiveness of social capital in the insurance industry using the method of content analysis, which in terms of purpose is practical and in terms of the method of collecting information, it is a part of qualitative research. The statistical population consists of insurance industry experts and managers of Iran's social security insurance branches in Tehran. For sampling in this research, the purposeful sampling method, which is non-probability sampling, was used. In addition, after collecting the information, the codes related to the written interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis method. The credibility of the research was obtained through the agreement of experts and validity with the help of consensus of opinions and face validity. Qualitative data analysis in this study was done with thematic analysis method. ATLAS TI software was used for qualitative content analysis. Also, by examining the data obtained from the text, 1 overarching theme, 5 organizing themes, and 21 basic themes were extracted. The results showed that all the themes identified from Expert opinions are relevant and there is favorable consensus about their importance.

The insurance industry is vital in the country that is affected by green marketing. However, there is no accurate information on the green marketing situation in the country's insurance industry. This research has been tried to identify the main criteria of green marketing evaluation to provide a model for a green marketing audit. In this regard, first, the main criteria were identified and approved by experts through a questionnaire. The final framework consists of 24 sub-criteria that are classified into ten criteria. Then, by using the fuzzy DEMATEL method, the internal relationships between the criteria and the hierarchical analysis method, each criterion and sub-criteria's final weight are obtained. According to the results, among the causes, the criterion of mission has the greatest effect on all criteria and takes the least effect from other criteria. So, this criterion has the most stimulus role, and by optimizing it, we can expect the optimization of other factors. The green sales factor is also strongly influenced by other factors and is optimized by optimizing other factors. Also, the criterion of the mission with an effective weight of 0.23 is the most important, and the criterion of green design with an effective weight of 0.024 is the least important

The development of new financial markets, such as insurtech, has become a focus for researchers and policymakers. This study aims to identify the challenges faced by insurance companies in Iran in adopting insurtech.

 The research method was qualitative and data was collected through theoretical study, literature review, and interviews with experts. Qualitative content analysis was conducted using MAXQDA software. The credibility of the analysis was assessed using data-oriented reliability. The study population included managers of insurtech businesses in Iran.

Through interviews, consensus was reached on various challenges. After coding, 52 initial indicators were identified, leading to the identification of 21 subcomponents and 12 main components. The credibility of the coding was confirmed using the Kappa test. The identified dimensions and factors included culture, integration, training, conflict of interests, financial issues, management structure, infrastructure, regulations, neglect of innovation and new products, lack of investment, taxes, and contracts. The experts predicted the strongest consensus among conflict of interests, management structure, regulations, infrastructure, culture, and training.

The challenges and barriers to adopting insurtech in Iran can be categorized into macro and micro levels. At the macro level, there are obstacles related to laws, regulations, monopolies, and infrastructure that require government attention. At the micro level, obstacles include organizational interests, culture, structure, infrastructure, and training that should be addressed by organizational managers. Without proper implementation of these factors, insurtech activities cannot thrive in Iran. The proposed framework can assist managers and policymakers in addressing these challenges.

This study aimed to provide a model for the career path strategies of managers in the Iranian insurance industry. The research method is qualitative in terms of the nature of the research and applied in terms of purpose. The Participants whose number was determined based on theoretical saturation are the insurance industry managers selected by systematic sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and data analysis was performed using a data-based method. The results indicate the identification of causal conditions affecting career path strategies, including career path anchorages, objective and subjective career path plateaus; The main phenomenon in career path strategies, including networking, self-presentation, and interpersonal attractions; Background conditions and environment affecting career path strategies, including clarity of career path steps, costly view of education and gender; Interfering conditions affecting career path strategies such as job-to-job fit, meritocracy system, and job fit to individual interests; Strategies and actions affecting career path strategies such as human capital, communication and technical knowledge of individuals; The consequences of career strategies were such as recognition, independence and flourishing of the talents of insurance industry managers in Iran.
The career path is one of the key and important pillars of human capital because it is related to people's working lives and can play an essential role in the success of employees and organizations (Vos et al., 2021: 286). In this regard, career path management in a new approach is a tool for implementing human resources development programs to establish a balance between individual and organizational needs (Niri et al., 144:1400). In fact, career path management by providing a clear perspective creates conditions in which managers reach a balance between the formation of a psychological contract related to the development of the career path and job security in the path of agreement (Hirschi & Koen, 2021:115).
 In this regard, career path strategies are considered one of the most important topics in career path management. In recent decades, managers and employees have used career path strategies for career advancement and success. They consider themselves among their main work programs (Santos et al., 2019: 418). However, the concept of career path strategies, one of the important aspects of individual career path management, has received less attention in this industry. Based on this, it can be said that one of the research gaps in the development strategies of human resources in this industry is the examination of the strategies for the career advancement of managers with a new approach and considering today's highly competitive and challenging environment. With the investigations carried out in the existing literature in this field, it was found that no study has been conducted to explore the factors and fields affecting managers' career path strategies, and there is a theoretical and research gap in this field. The distinguishing aspect of this research from previous research is that the previous studies have either introduced different types of career path strategies or simply determined the type of strategy used and its effect on job behaviors and attitudes in a limited area. The current research seeks to explain a relatively comprehensive model of career path strategies, factors influencing their emergence, background conditions, mediators, and consequences of career path strategies in the insurance industry in Iran. Based on this, the main question of the research has been stated as follows: What is the career path strategy model of insurance industry managers?
Research According to the purpose, the current research is fundamental and applied and is based on the qualitative method of data-based analysis and the Strauss and Corbin method. It includes the three main stages of open, axial, and selective coding. The statistical population of the research includes all senior managers of the insurance industry in Iran who have five years of management experience. This research used the theoretical sampling method due to the foundation's data theorizing, and theoretical saturation was achieved after conducting the tenth interview.
In this research, the validity and reliability were checked with the criteria of validity, transferability, reliability, and verifiability. The results of these codes showed an overall reliability equal to 89%, which indicates an acceptable reliability.
Discussion and The analysis of the results showed that the causal conditions of this research included the effective factors on career path strategies. Meanwhile, the interviewees confirmed the anchors of the career path, which include the manager's preferences and interests in the field of work.
The first category: The main phenomenon: The main phenomenon in this research is career path strategies. According to experts, the most important strategy insurance industry managers use in their career path is networking. According to the experts, the second strategy that seemed important was to become a candidate or present yourself. The experts also agreed that a person's personality, passion, abilities, and skills can provide them with a better career path.
The second category, Strategies: Based on this, the experts stated that in the insurance industry, people's technical knowledge and skill training are very important. Because the world has moved towards skill training, degree-oriented has no place in organizations.
The third category, Contextual factors, and the governing platform: Experts said this category is not given much attention in the insurance industry in Iran, and the majority agreed that looking at education in this industry is a cost perspective. Therefore, on this basis, they suggested that the academic system should be strengthened in the insurance industry.
The fourth category: In the field of job security, most of the surveyed experts stated that job security is not very important in the insurance industry because the contracts are short-term, and some experts also stated that anyone can understand and interpret job security. They also stated that the concept of balance between work and life is different from the point of view of different people, and the more a person moves to the higher side of the organization, the more this balance is disturbed.
The fifth category, Consequences: According to experts, the more people participate in circles and expand their networking scope, the more they become known, and this knowledge provides more responsibilities for them and causes people to have a higher sense of independence and satisfaction in their career path.
According to the research findings, practical tips are suggested for insurance companies about managers' career path strategies. Since about 90% of the experts stated that each of the managers had different strategies in the context of their career path, organizations have designed their career paths according to their mission and existential philosophy. Therefore, it is suggested that the companies active in Iran's insurance industry provide an atmosphere indicating freedom and diversity in choosing a career path in their organizations to meet managers' expectations.

This article examines information technology-based marketing modeling in the insurance industry, focusing on the case study of Iran Insurance Company. Information technology as a powerful tool in improving marketing methods and functions in the insurance industry has had a significant impact. This research has been done with the aim of investigating how to integrate modeling with marketing techniques in the information technology environment and its role in improving insurance strategies and decisions. In this article, the key concepts of modeling, marketing and information technology are first introduced and then the importance of integrating these Three factors have been investigated in the insurance industry. In particular, the emphasis on data analysis in order to identify patterns, predict trends and optimize marketing strategies is one of the important results of this research. In the end, according to the findings and analysis presented, suggestions have been made for Iran Insurance Company to be able to use from modeling and information technology, improve its marketing performance and strengthen the competitive insurance market with the aim of increasing market share and attracting new customers

Due to the dynamic and competitive nature of the insurance industry, the continuation of competitive strategies based on the knowledge of the environment, environmental opportunities and threats and understanding the organization's strengths and weaknesses is very important, because without these analyses, the insurer's efforts will not be effective and the organization will not reach its final goal. Due to the challenges and problems and gaps in the application of systematic methods, environmental analysis, organization analysis and strategy continuation by adding environmental and internal factors of the organization in the country's insurance industry, the present research, relying on the opinion of 10 experts of this industry from among the managers and representatives and experts of the insurance industry, first identified the internal and external factors effective in the strategic planning process and then by analyzing them, proposed the best possible strategies. The primary data collection method was questionnaire and interview and the method of seeking opinions from the representatives of "Sahand Mahni Tabriz" and library studies were done in parallel. Internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (threats and opportunities) have all been extracted and analyzed by the MAXQDA2020 software in the form of 40 factors by the internal and external factor matrix, which is the result of interviews with the mentioned experts, and as a result of this operation, 4 main categories have been obtained with the titles of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and 40 codes for the above categories have been obtained, which are described in the following. And the obtained strategies have been analyzed to determine the attractiveness in the QSPM quantitative planning matrix, so that the priorities of the relevant organization can be graded.

With the start of the Corona pandemic crisis, the supply of public and private services in electronic form has become more and more desired by government leaders and business managers and economic activists such as insurance industry players. The increasing growth of the crisis in most countries created the background for fundamental changes in the way of economic activity in many industries such as the insurance industry. Therefore, emphasis was placed on the growth and development of electronic services. The purpose of this research is to formulate and validate the model of customers' trust in electronic services in the insurance industry during the Corona pandemic period. The present research is from the point of view of positivist paradigm and in terms of applied cognitive audience, in terms of survey method and in terms of time domain in the field of cross-sectional research and in terms of Data collection is also field. The data collection tool in this research is a standard questionnaire, which contains 22 questions to measure all research variables. Content validity was confirmed by CVI and CVR tools by a panel of experts. The construct validity of the measurement model (divergent validity + convergent validity) was measured through mean variance extraction, Fornell and Larker tests and multi-trait and multi-index matrix and model reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, composite reliability, shared reliability, checking and confirming became. The statistical population of the current research is made up of customers of the insurance industry. Using G power sample size determination software, 234 people were examined as the final sample of the research at the alpha level of 0.1 and the test power of 0.85%. Hypotheses were tested according to variance-based structural equation modeling algorithm using SPSS, 24 and Smart:PLS, 3 software. The results showed that trust in the Internet, quality of information and quality of services have a predictive role in trusting electronic services. Also, information sharing, in addition to having a positive effect on trust in electronic services, has a moderating role in the relationship between trust in the Internet and trust in electronic services.

E-businesses are expanding in the society. The insurance industry should increase its information in the field of digital marketing of E-businesses. The present study aims to identify the dimensions of digital marketing of E-businesses in Iran's insurance industry. This research is applied and descriptive survey in terms of purpose and method. The statistical population in the factor analysis section includes insurance industry experts across the country and the AHP section includes experts in this industry. In the factor analysis section, 384 samples were selected by using the simple sampling method, and in the AHP section, 10 experts were selected as the sample. The tool of the field study is a questionnaire. To check the validity of the questionnaire, the content, and its reliability, Cronbach's Alpha was used. In the present research, first, digital marketing indicators of E-businesses of the insurance industry have been extracted from the literature review. Then, to identify the digital marketing dimensions of E-businesses in the insurance industry, the exploratory factor analysis method was used. The confirmatory factor analysis method was used to confirm the identified dimensions and the AHP technique was used to rank them. The identified dimensions include the organization's digital organization, marketing research, and customer-related factors. The results of the AHP technique showed that SMS advertising, environmental advertising, and customer communication have been the top three indicators.