جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عراق » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the effective factors on teaching entrepreneurship to students for self-employment in Iraq. The approach governing the research was mixed, in which the inductive content analysis method was used in the qualitative part and the survey method was used in the quantitative part. The population studied in both the qualitative and quantitative part of the research included managers, experts and professors of management and entrepreneurship in Iraqi universities, which was achieved by using the purposeful and snowball sampling method and with 22 in-depth interviews and data saturation in the qualitative part. In the quantitative part of the research, using a researcher-made questionnaire from the results of the qualitative part of the research, 110 experts in a targeted way were selected and the concepts and categories extracted from the qualitative stage were evaluated and prioritized among the interviewed elites and other related elites. The results of the qualitative part indicated that the priority of the categories showed that the category the strategies of government and the Ministry of Science regarding the development of entrepreneurship (GH) in the first rank and then the category of factors related to students (ST) in the second rank and factors related to society (SO) and factors related to teachers (TE) are in the third and fourth ranks of priority. Also, factors related to teaching tools and methods (TM) and factors related to universities (CA) were ranked next. Based on the results, in order to improve entrepreneurship education among Iraqi students, those involved in macro and micro levels including the government, society, universities, and the students must prepare the background of the improvement in entrepreneurship education. According to the results, the refining strategies, updating the tools and approaches of education, and improving the attitude of students and society are suggested.

Security, fighting insecurity and development are three important factors in every country, so thinkers have tried to find a relationship between them. Developing this relationship in developing countries such as Iran and Iraq considering the security approach is deeply difficult. On the other hand, middle east is a geo-political area which has common positive and negative aspects of the countries, which can on its own account, result in opportunities and threats. The internal challenges and the external threats has made middle east a fragile area. However, one can identify internal strengths and external opportunities which can bring along coherence, development, and security among the countries. Iran and Iraq have cooperation on the one hand, and opportunities and challenges on the other, some of which are related to the internal environment and some others to their regional and international spheres. To be coherent, they need a model based on the internal and external elements that can soothe the challenges at the expense of the opportunities. That being said, the chances for the security cooperation between Iran and Iraq has been stated in line with the general policies of the system. This study focuses on the following question: what impact does the security cooperation in national and international level have on the counter-terrorism plans (regional and international) of Iran and Iraq? To answer this, it is hypothesized that the counter-terrorism plans can bring the two countries closer from the political and security aspects to be more in line in combating against terrorism. To test out this hypothesis, after some theoretical and historical studies, a descriptive-analytical method was used to convergence theory between the two countries from the perspective of counter-terrorism and convergence. Then, the security and counter-terrorism plans were content-analyzed. Afterwards, it was attempted to investigate the geo-political realities of the region so that a convergence model for the region could be designed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the loyalty strategies and Word of Mouth Communication of sports product customers (Adidas) in Iraq. The research method was applied with a descriptive purpose and descriptive-correlational manner. The statistical population of the study was the customers of Adidas brand sports products in Iraq, which was unknown to the researcher. The sample size was 384 based on Cochran's formula for unknown communities. The sampling method was available non-randomly. The research tool was the standard questionnaire of Alguacil et al. (2021). To evaluate the instrument's validity, content validity (approval of professors and experts) and structure (factor loads) were used. Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were used for instrument reliability, and finally, the validity and reliability of the instrument were confirmed. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data using smart pls software. The results showed that loyalty strategies (credibility, trust, attitude, and homogeneity) affect the loyalty and Word of Mouth communication of Adidas brand sports products in Iraqi customers. The effect of loyalty on customers' Word of Mouth communication was even confirmed.

The link between national security and water has become one of the main pillars of government issues in regional and international relations Strategic supervision along with control and evaluation plays a fundamental and decisive role in leading stability and proper management. From the Islamic Perspective, monitoring is one of the basic issues in the religious, political and social fields. This study has examined the situation of realization of general policies of the system in the defense industry, considering the strategy of the Supreme Leader, based on organizing the issue of monitoring the implementation of policies, while examining the paradigms and models of strategic monitoring of policy implementation at the national and transnational levels. The main purpose of this study was to provide a model of strategic oversight of the implementation of the system's general policies in the defense industry. In terms of purpose, application and development and its research method, this research, is a mixed method. In this research, first qualitative data then quantitative data have been collected. The combination of qualitative and quantitative data is also exploratory; Thus, in the first stage, qualitative approaches have been used to achieve the main elements of the model of monitoring and controlling the implementation of general policies of the system (during implementation) in the defense industry, and in the second stage, the identified elements and variables have been completed and validated with a quantitative approach. The presented model consists of 7 dimensions, 33 components and 86 indicators, which systematically include in-situ monitoring. Dimensions include overseeing the development of policy-making translators, overseeing policy-making contexts, and overseeing policy implementation requirements.

This research is intended to investigate the dilemma and the cleavage in the national security of modern Iraq (Post-Saddam era) in the context of its sociological ground. The Iraqi society has become just like a mosaic of social cleavages suppressed in the era of the Sunni-Ba'ath regime in the process of unification. After the occupation of Iraq in 2003, an encouraging situation was created which helped the gaps to expand more. As a result of the accumulation of social forces around these gaps. As the main domestic actors, these groups gained power to express themselves. This reflected in great ethnic and religious violence which resulted in the lack of a strong central government for the country. This research is aimed at exploring how the sociological foundations of Iraq have affected the failure of national security in the new era (after occupation). The research reviews the hypothesis that social cleavages, as the central feature of sociological institutes, have become more in-depth by the shift in the balance of existing identities from power centers. It has resulted in more security challenges due to their Incompatibility. Based on the theoretical approach of community security and following a descriptive-explanatory method, this research concludes that the Sunni groups, among the main Shiite, Sunni, and Kurdish activists, demonstrate a much higher incentive to get involved in violence due to their feelings of insecurity of their identity and power. On the other hand, due to an identity link between the Iraqi local actors and the ethnic-oriented governments of the Middle East, the internal conflicts has changed into inter-state clashes; therefore, it has made it more difficult to manage Iraq's national security.

The Pattern of governance on multi-ethnic city of Kirkuk in Iraq is still one of the major sources of tension and even conflicts in this country. Silent geo-cultural and geo-economic characteristics of this city have led to presence of actors at different levels that are stakeholder and effective in this region. Kirkuk is crucially important for the Kurds of Iraq, and in case of its join to the Kurdistan region in Iraq, the process of their independence will accelerate. To this end, the future of governance over Kirkuk is also important for Iran and Turkey, as well as Iraqi groups and the government of Iraq. because, if the Kurds of Iraq are independent, national security and territorial integrity of both countries can be affected. Given this necessity, as well as the multiplicity of stakeholders in the Kirkuk, current paper attempts to run a future study on governance pattern in this city using the actor analysis methods and MACTOR as an actor-cantered software. For this purpose, 13 actors and 4 patterns of governance were investigated using library resources and expert methodology. In addition to the analysis of the software findings, ultimately a preferred model, "Introduction of Kirkuk as a Multicultural and Special City", was described, which relatively provides the main interests of the actors. Such a model is more urgent in the new circumstances resulting from the referendum on the independence of the Kurdistan region in Iraq in September 2017.

Iraq is announced as one of the first fifth countries which hold the most crude oil inventories and the first fifteenth world gas reserves. The ten-year-old plan of oil and gas fields development in this country which has been started in 2008, has experienced four of tenders between the years 2009 and 2012. Oil production of this country has reached 3.2 million barrels a day in 2012 and placed Iraq in the third place as a petroleum exporter before Iran. There are serious uncertainties about crude oil stocks and production in Iraq. Also, various statistics are issued by different sources. Critical challenges for Iraq in developing oil fields are: lack of export terminals, electricity shortage, lack of water for injecting oil fields, insecurity, restrictions wells and other top level equipment limitations, legal uncertainties, expert labor limitations, and insufficient financing. The effective presence of various Chinese companies in Iraq’s fields demonstrates special strategic attention of China to Iraq’s hydrocarbon resources for oncoming requirements of this country. This may lead to replacement of Iran’s oil with Iraq’s and change Chinese oil supply strategies. As a result, Iranian oil embargo may potentially maintain and expanded.

Iraq market is a suitable and valuable market for the Iranian companies considering its high facilities for exporting their products. But no local model was offered to evaluate and promote the export performance of the companies. This research is done with the objective to “present local model for promoting the export performance of Iranian companies”. Using exploratory factor analysis, forty five criteria were known and categorized in seven classes in the next step and the conceptual model was presented based on the results. The gathered data was analyzed by one sample T test to understand the current situation. After that, the model was presented by using correlation, ANOVA, LSD, and path analysis tests for promoting the export performance of Iranian companies in Iraq. In the final model, the effect of strategy factor was 0.302, governmental supports factor was 0.059, marketing mix factor was 0.189, companies characteristics was 0.047, the hosts market characteristics factor was 0.023, and finally the organizational resources factor was 0.079. The presented model can forecast the export performance up to 70 percent.