جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "موانع صادرات" در نشریات گروه "مدیریت"

Exports are one of the most important ways to enter international markets,, the increase in exports in recent years is on the agenda of almost all guilds and businesses in the country . Failure to analyze the issue of exports and related barriers will cause damage to production and industrial units and failure against competitors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the export barriers of businesses from an economic perspective in the field of nuts. at first, by reviewing the research literature and research background, conducting semi-structured hobby interviews with 10 experts in the field of export, the theoretical framework of the research was developed. Based on this framework, a conceptual model of the research was presented and research hypotheses were developed. In order to test the research hypotheses, the statistical population includes managers, experts and economic activists who are members of the Chamber of Commerce, In case of non-probability sampling, the questionnaires whose validity and reliability were confirmed were distributed among 100 statistical samples and due to the non-normal distribution of data, the partial least squares method and Smart PLS 2 software for Statistical analysis was used. Based on the significant values related to the hypotheses, all were confirmed. According to the analysis, the three most important obstacles are the instability of policies, rules and regulations and executive procedures - unpredictability and changes in the prices of raw materials and products-the lack of proper communication between the manufacturer and the customer.

This study aims to integrate the two areas of study, namely mental models and perceived barriers to export. Based on the theory of mental models, the present study seeks to increase the richness of the perception of the experiences and perceived meanings of managers of Iranian dairy product companies on the barriers to export development. On the other hand, identifying managers’ mental model and determining the most important barriers to export in each mental model can be considered a guideline for export policymakers to plan according to the existing mental models and provide solutions for export development.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this research includes chief executives in business, sales and export departments of dairy product companies. Semi-structured interviews based on phenomenological approaches and projective techniques have been used to collect data. Using the theoretical sampling method, chief managers of twelve dairy product companies were the interviewed in order to reach saturation. To ensure data validity and reliability, revie participants’ reviews and multidisciplinary approaches were used through interviews with different groups of participants. Theme analysis and Maxqda 10 software were used to analyze the data.

The ultimate model of the study included the following six mental models of barriers to export: 1) market-oriented model: this mental model is made up of the sub-themes of "not being brand-centered", "poor marketing status" and "lack of competitive advantage". This mental model has been the most prevalent mental model among the managers; 2) government-oriented model: this mental model is made up of the sub-themes of "poor governmental support", "poor governmental policymaking " and "poor governmental interaction "; 3) resource-oriented model: this mental model consists of four sub-themes of "poor company updating", "production capability", "financing problem" and "lack of government lobbies"; 4) profit-oriented model: this mental model consists of three sub-themes of "profit-oriented attitude", "lack of global export prospects", and "undesirable image of the country"; 5) infrastructure oriented model: this mental model is made up of the sub-themes of "economic instability", "poor transport infrastructure" and "country backwardness"; and 6) institutional-oriented model: this mental model focuses on companies’ conflict with Iranian organizations in the process of export and includes two sub-themes of "administrative complexities of the export process", and "tax burden and customs tariffs".

Given the importance of the role of mental models and managerial perceptions in decision making, including decisions about the company’s export activities, one must first identify the managers’ mental model of export in order to have a proper understanding and analysis of export behaviors. In terms of frequency, market-oriented, government-oriented, and resource-oriented mental models were identified as the three leading mental models in dairy product companies, respectively. According to the managers participating in this study, Iranian dairy products do not have a competitive advantage in inter-regional markets in terms of quality, price, product variety, and packaging. Although changing the attitudes of managers and investors is necessary to expand the company’s export activities, it is not enough to help grow and develop the export of dairy products in international markets. The government-oriented mental model, identified as the second dominant mindset in dairy product companies, highlights the important role of government policy making and support in creating or removing export barriers. In this mental model, the government must provide an appropriate platform for export development.

Mazandaran province becomes one of the potential areas for agricultural production in Iran that with proper use of this potential can play a significant role in non-oil exports in the country. The main agricultural products of the province include citrus, flowers and ornamental plants and kiwi, which have a comparative advantage. But despite having a comparative advantage in the production of these products, unfortunately in the export stage and in international markets due to the existence of internal and external communication and restrictions, this advantage has been lost. The main purpose of this research was to identify and prioritize the barriers to the export of agricultural products in Mazandaran province, in which, while identifying the barriers to the export of these products, these barriers were also prioritized. This research is a descriptive and survey type. In the qualitative part of this study, the statistical population of this research is 8 agricultural export experts of Mazandaran province and in the quantitative part of the research, the statistical sample is all exporters active in the field of agricultural products export. The method and tool of data collection is library studies and field research that was done through a questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach's alpha method and SPSS software, And its validity was done by confirmatory factor analysis with PLS software and to prioritize the approved barriers, we used FAHP multi-criteria decision making method. The results of this study show that export barriers include barriers related to the country of origin, which were more important than barriers related to the company and barriers related to the destination country. Among the components of these barriers, insufficient incentives for export, insufficient knowledge and information about potential markets and inappropriate monetary and exchange rate policies in the country of origin, respectively, have been introduced as the most important barriers to agricultural exports in Mazandaran province. At the end of this study, appropriate solutions were provided to remove these obstacles and improve the export of agricultural products in Mazandaran province.

Nowadays international commerce plays a significant role in economic development in different countries and considered as the main engine of economic growth and excellence. Because of this importance، export development is one of the main strategic focuses in Iran’s macro policies and decisions. However، identification and elimination of export barriers is a pre-step for the efficiency and effectiveness of export development plans and programs. Removing these obstacles not only leads to exporters profitability and country’s economic growth، but also motivates more investment in this area of business which together results in economic development، employment، international position consistency and etc. The main aim of this article is to determine export barriers in Ilam province. Because of its geographic location and access to new emerging markets in neighbor countries، Ilam has a great potential for using environmental opportunities. In this article، by exploring the export barriers literature، an appropriate model is developed، while exporters and experts’ view-points are used to identify and explain export barriers in Ilam in four categories. In order to identify and grade the barriers، the statistical tests of ANOVA and TUKEY’s HSD are used. Paying attention to identification of target markets’ environment has been of more importance in removing internal and external problems of exporting firms.