جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « نابرابری درآمد » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

The present study aimed to examine the effect of export diversification on income inequality in Iran using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach and data for the period 1984 to 2018. To this end, the Gini coefficient was employed as the income inequality index and non-oil export diversification was calculated using Herfindahl-Hirschman index and considering the export value of various export goods.
The results of the cointegration test show that diversification initially increases income inequality but after reaching a certain amount it causes to a decrease in income inequality. The results prove an inverted U-shape relation between income inequality and export diversification. Also, the empirical results indicate that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita income and income inequality, thus confirming the Kuznets curve hypothesis. On the other hand, the empirical results show that an increase in the size of the government leads to an increase in income inequality, but the inflation rate does not have a significant effect on inequality. These findings have important policy implications in order to improve export diversification to reduce income inequality.

The importance of Currant account and the factors affecting it is one of the most important elements of international trade, which has always been the concern of economists. In general, the main objective of each country's economy is sustainable development, in the sense of internal and external equilibrium. Therefore, given the interplay between the internal and external sectors, any economic policy should be taken in conjunction with this relationship. Given the importance of current account equilibrium in determining the level of national income and employment, as well as in the process of growth and accumulation of capital, developing and developed countries have chosen a different policy and strategy to deal with the limitations of current account. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of income inequality and economic growth  on the current account balance (With oil) Iran  using VAR and direct response functions (IRF) and analysis of variance (VD) over time (1979-2016). The variables used in this paper to estimate the model include the current account balance, with the Gini coefficient as the indicator of the inequality of income and Economic growth at constant prices. The results of the research findings during the review period show that the positive shock to improving the income inequality has a negative effect on Iran's current account and the positive shock of increasing economic growth has a positive effect.

Theories of Karl Marx about capitalism, class conflict, false consciousness, and alienation in bourgeois societies are explained and the way Marxist theorists approach everyday life and culture. It is asserted the capitalism shapes cultures and this must be kept in mind when thinking about marketing and advertising in capitalist countries. It is suggested that, until recently, marketers were able to channel alienation in the working classes into consumption and thus prevent the masses from recognizing the degree to which they were being exploited by members of the ruling class. Now thatthere is widespread concern about income inequality, marketers must rethink how they function in society

The imbalance in government spending and revenue sources, due to the deficit created in the current account balance, In addition to the impact on the macroeconomic parameters has also consequences such as, budget imbalances and private savings, and fluctuations in economic growth. These imbalances in income sources and government spending may indicate the need to more import and weaken the foundations of production, supply of the economy, and the competitiveness for each country in internationally levels. In such a situation, the incorrect pattern of imports of intermediate and capital goods instead of consumer goods causes international borrowing, reduced national employment in favor of foreign employment, reduced economic growth, dependency and sanctions, and loss of national resources and wealth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of income inequality on non-oil deficit of Iran using the ARDL model in time interval (1978-2016). The variables used include the deficit of current account without oil, the Gini coefficient as an indicator of the estimated income inequality, economic growth without oil, and the real exchange rate.The results of research findings during the study period show that improving inequality of income and economic growth in the long run reduces government expenses and current account deficit and the increase in the real exchange rate will increase government expenses and current account deficit.

Income inequality and efforts to reduce it is one of the most important concerns of societies in the current world. on the one hand, countries are looking for income-generating resources, and on the other hand, they are trying to reduce income inequalities. The tourism industry is considered as the most widespread and one of the most important income and employment generator industries, can achieve both goals at the same time. In this study, using mixed data method and Panel Quantiles regression approach in a selection of developing countries (including 31 countries), the effect of tourism revenues on income inequality in the period of 1995-2015 has been investigated. The advantage of using this model is to evaluate the response variable (inequality of income) against the interference of independent variables (especially tourism revenues), not only in the data center of mass but also in all parts of the distribution, especially in the initial and final deciles. The results of the research show that tourism revenues lead to a decrease in income inequality directly and indirectly by reducing unemployment. In addition, countries that are at higher levels or quantiles of inequalities are more likely to use the benefits of tourism to reduce inequality. Therefore, they can benefit from tourism development policies to reduce inequality more effectively.

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on income inequality with an emphasis on Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Under the division of International Telecommunications Union, underlying countries have been differentiated in two groups of the high and average level of information and communication technology. The research modeling is based on Panel data over the time period of 2001-2016.
The results indicate that foreign direct investment (FDI) and ICT have a negative and significant effect on inequality in two groups of countries. Also, the impact of (FDI) and ICT on income inequality in countries with high level of ICT is more than those with an average level of ICT but the effect is the same in both countries. Based on the results, ICT in each group of countries can change the stable relationship between FDI and inequality.

Income distribution describes how people share of national income and degree of inequality between people in society. Increasing income inequality leads to change in the composition of domestic and imported consumption goods. Because inequality increases will be increase the purchasing power of the rich and to increase the demand for consumption goods with high elasticity that is mainly imported luxury. Therefore this study investigated the effects of income inequality on Iranian imports of consumption goods during the period of 1969-2012. In this regard using by vector auto regressive (VAR) approach was examined relationship between imports of consumption goods and GDP, real exchange rate and income inequality. Estimation results show that imports of consumption goods with interruptions has had the most effect on the import of consumption goods. Also the real exchange rate is expected to have reverse relationship with imports of consumption goods. GDP also has a positive and significant effect on imports of consumption goods and variable of income inequality also has a positive effect on imports of consumption goods. In fact, by reducing income inequality and improving the income distribution will be increase tendency of use of consumption goods of domestic product, and will be reduced the amount of imports of consumption goods.