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One of the fundamental problems in the era of Industry 4.0 is the lack of attention to open innovation in organizations. One of the most important reasons is the lack of an efficient model in this field. This research has firstly identified the indicators and components affecting the foundation of Industry 4.0 along with open innovation with the help of meta-composite method, and then, with the system dynamics method, it designs a dynamic model for the foundation of Industry 4.0 along with open innovation in the organization. The research results demonstrate 38 indicators and 9 main components (input innovation, two-way innovation, organization's creativity and innovation, recognition and increasing the preparation of technologies, the technological structure of Industry 4.0 organization, organization's absorption capacity, organization's performance, resource mobilization, human resources in industry 4.0 along with open innovation). As well as, the findings obtained from the dynamic model of the system explain that with the implementation of the industry 4.0 process with the role of open innovation in organizations, the productivity and financial profit of the organization will increase but when the open innovation process in the organization's industry 4.0 is low, the productivity, financial profit and market share of the organization will be accompanied by difficulties in the future.

In today's world, the digital revolution has transformed the processes of organizations, especially banks, and has created countless opportunities for the financial industry. This is despite the fact that the financial technology and banking services industry in Iran is mainly interested in the field of payment among the various digital areas and does not pay much attention to other digital opportunities, including the provision of digital services in other areas of banking services. This issue has caused traditional bank branches to remain and non-payment services to be provided in person. Although many researches have addressed the transformation of business models in the digital world, there is no guidance on the successful implementation of the digitalization project of all banking services processes. Therefore, in this article, after reviewing the research done in this field, in order to know the influential variables and understand the existing relationships, by applying the fuzzy Delphi technique and the system dynamics modeling approach, a dynamic model has been presented, which Drawing circular causal diagrams will help to better understand the problem. The results of the research showed that the first step in the digitalization of banking processes is the implementation of digital governance in banks, and for the implementation of digital governance, preliminaries such as the formulation of digital strategy by the senior managers of banks, digital culture, the development of the country's digital infrastructure by the central bank and the facilitation of laws And removing the legal barriers to using digital banking is needed.

Supply chain management by choosing, combining and implementing lean and agile approaches is one of the fundamental challenges of managers due to the conflicts and different strategies of each and on the other hand their synergy. The current research has been carried out with the aim of developing a system for choosing lean and agile approaches in the supply chain, and it consists of two stages. In the qualitative stage, with the approach of content analysis and review of literature and research background, factors influencing the selection of agile and lean approaches have been collected. The process of data collection and coding has been carried out in a zigzag manner and at the same time until reaching theoretical saturation. Finally, these codes are classified in 17 groups and in 4 general levels of environmental factors, organization-related factors, product-related factors, and performance factors. In the quantitative stage and using the system dynamics method, using the factors obtained from the first stage and the strategies of lean and agile approaches, a model has been presented to evaluate the performance and choose the appropriate strategies in different conditions. By using the system dynamics of cause and effect models and state-flow drawn and model evaluation test, structure evaluation and sensitivity analysis have also been done to verify the validity of the model. Finally, different scenarios have been simulated and analyzed in this model. The presented dynamic model is able to examine specific strategies of lean and agile approaches in different conditions and finally provide certain degrees of lean and agility. The information required for modeling and simulating the model has been collected from the Yazd Tire Industry Complex.

The purpose of this research is to create a system dynamics model to manage the life cycle of start-up businesses based on the identified factors that are effective in the failure and success of these businesses and to examine the effects of these factors in different circles. The method of this research is grounded theory in the identification of factors and in the modeling part it is based on system dynamics. According to the studies, the success rate of startups around the world is very low, less than 10%. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting the success and failure of start-ups and designing a dynamic model based on these factors can lead to the management of start-ups and increase the probability of success. In order to extract failure and success factors in this research, 25 interviews were conducted with the activists of start-up businesses in Tehran, within the framework of the constructionist grounded theory method. The identified factors included 87 concepts, 32 categories and 7 general categories. To design the model, first, causal loops diagrams were drawn in different areas and then a model, based on system dynamics, was designed which included 13 stocks of effective factors. The resulting model was checked with numerous tests, the results of which revealed the possibility of predicting the growth or failure of startups through modeling and determining the relevant coefficients.

Advertising is a powerful marketing tool with the potential to influence people's thoughts and behaviors. This is why it is utilized for various purposes by both large and small businesses. Furthermore, advertising serves as an effective means of conveying information about products, services, or ideas to target audiences. Among the various advertising mediums, television is one of the most prominent. The purpose of this research is to develop a model that enhances the effectiveness of television advertisements in engaging viewers and fostering their satisfaction and loyalty. To achieve this objective, it is essential to prioritize the quality of advertisements and to exert additional effort in this area. Consequently, the need to improve advertising quality has garnered increased attention from advertising managers. Given the complexity of the issue at hand, approaching its components in isolation will hinder our understanding of the overall problem. This applied research aims to assist advertising managers in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the performance of their system components by examining the relationships among the key variables of television advertisements. Ultimately, this will enable them to strategize improvements in advertisement quality, thereby increasing their effectiveness on television viewers.

The current research adopts an applied perspective, utilizing a system dynamics approach for simulation. This technique, rooted in systems thinking, offers a dynamic view and incorporates feedback mechanisms within systems. One of the primary advantages of the system dynamics approach is its ability to consider all elements of a system simultaneously. In this study, our spatial domain is television. We extracted variables influencing the effectiveness of advertisements on viewers from existing research literature, incorporating insights from experts in the field of media. Subsequently, we utilized historical data to identify the relationships between these variables and their initial values. A cause-and-effect diagram was then constructed to illustrate these relationships. Ultimately, we developed a comprehensive model to assess the effectiveness of television advertising. This model was tested under both optimistic and pessimistic scenarios to determine the potential percentage increase in customer acquisition under standard conditions. Consequently, we analyzed and investigated the impact of implementing policies aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of advertising in the future.

The results of the model simulation indicate that the presence of a competitive environment enhances the level of advertising. Consequently, this increase leads to improvements in advertising quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty, ultimately attracting a larger audience.

For this purpose, a system dynamics approach was employed to model complex structures, such as the relationships among the organization's key parameters. This modeling offers a comprehensive understanding of system dynamics and its behavior, enabling the optimization of performance.As previously mentioned, the primary purpose of advertisements is to enhance profitability. However, the limited availability of resources poses challenges for organizations, leading to increased risks and a decline in quality and consumer satisfaction. To address these limitations, organizations strive to implement effective policies aimed at expanding their target audience.The key aspect to consider is the enhancement in the quality of advertisements, which boosts customer satisfaction and naturally attracts more clients. To this end, a model demonstrating the system's behavior was developed under normal conditions. Subsequently, the system's performance was evaluated based on essential criteria. This model underwent both optimistic and pessimistic scenarios to assess the potential increase in customer acquisition. Additionally, these scenarios evaluated the impact of various components on enhancing customer acquisition. It was observed that fluctuations in the customer acquisition rate and customer attrition rate significantly affected the model's performance. The growth rate of the customer base indicated that the project is progressing in the right direction.This led to enhanced monitoring of the project and greater consumer satisfaction, which would result in increased profitability and, ultimately, higher total revenues. Consequently, if the proposed scenario is implemented, the project's profitability will rise due to improved quality and satisfaction. By applying the results of the proposed strategies at the end of the study period, we can expect to see an increase in cash flow.

Banks are aware that the role of performance management is very important for success in the service supply chain. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design a performance management model in the service supply chain of private banks in the country with a systems dynamics approach.

In this research, firstly, in the qualitative part, the foundation data method was used to design the model, and an interview was conducted with 12 experts related to the subject until theoretical saturation. Then Vensim software was used to design the dynamic model of the system.

The findings of systems dynamics showed that there are four scenarios in the field of causal factors, intervenors, platforms and strategies for performance management analysis in service supply chain in private banks of the country.

The use of systems dynamics models can help to better and more transparently analyze the interaction between the components of the service supply chain. If each of the scenarios is examined and strengthened, performance management in the service supply chain will be improved.

Today, one of the main challenges facing organizations is to find methods for the production cycle that are in accordance with environmental standards. Therefore, using the green supply chain is considered as a suitable method. Paying attention to this philosophy in organizations has caused the workforce to be able to think, create and innovate better, and on the other hand, investment has become more targeted and productivity has increased. This research has been done with the aim of providing a model for evaluating green supply chain management and using the system dynamics method. For this purpose, the effective parameters in green supply chain management were identified and the relationship between them and their effect on each other were determined. Then the cause and effect diagram and green supply chain management flow diagram were designed and after validating the model, its simulation was done using Vensim software and in the time horizon ( 1395 - 1405 ). According to the validation of the model, green supply chain management policies were identified and the results were compared and analyzed.

One of the major challenges in the management of construction projects is the lack of understanding of the mechanisms that cause delays in construction. In the meantime, government infrastructure construction projects have a more complex situation, so that the success in the timely implementation of a construction project within the framework of government laws is one of the biggest goals and concerns of managers and agents involved in these types of projects.

It can be the present study identifies the mechanisms of project time delay risks based on system dynamics in order to identify and evaluate policies for the timely implementation of construction projects. For this purpose, first the literature and background were examined and during the semi-structured interview with the participants of the research, the effective factors on the timely implementation of the Iranian government construction project were identified. In the continuation of the dynamic model of the timely implementation of the Anrani project, the simulation was carried out using the data of the infrastructure operation project of the first section of Mobarakeh railway, Sefidasht, Shahrekord.

After validation; According to the results of the sensitivity analysis of the system dynamics model, the exploitation policies during the construction project were identified in three strategies of providing project financial resources, project planning and control, and accountability of the project beneficiaries. In the following, it was also designed and applied to the model with selected combined policies. comparing the behavior of key model
The combined selected policy

Meeting the needs of shareholders and investors, generating profit and income, and covering current expenses are the primary objectives of any economic entity. Banks and financial institutions are no exception, and calculating and understanding costs is one of their most critical activities. In today's competitive environment, organizations must adopt strategies that enhance the quality of services and products while reducing their costs. To achieve this, having tools for analyzing related costs and formulating cost policies for services and products is essential. Companies that previously used traditional costing systems have had to transition to newer, more dynamic, and flexible costing systems that account for various costs, including products, activities, distribution channels, and customers, reflecting the complexity of modern business and production processes. This article presents a model for calculating the cost of banking services using activity-based costing.

The research described in this article is developmental-applied. Given the various factors affecting costs and their nonlinear and cyclical effects, which render banks as complex systems, the methodology of system dynamics was used for modeling. This research is descriptive in terms of data collection methods, which included library studies reviewing sources and references on activity-based costing and systems dynamics principles, simulations concerning the cost of banking services using systems dynamics, and other sources such as books, magazines, articles, and theses from reputable libraries, information search centers, and credible websites.

 In this study, detailed models for two products, mudarabah and deposits, were developed. Cause-and-effect diagrams and their rates and statuses were drawn, and after testing the models, proposed scenarios were designed and compared. Four scenarios were suggested to improve system behavior: improving productivity, adjusting human resources, re-engineering business processes, and automating processes. To select the best policy—one that achieves the most significant cost reduction over a similar period—all policies were compared. The study's findings indicate that the policy of mechanization and process re-engineering is the most effective. Therefore, the bank's general policy for reducing product costs can be a combination of re-engineering and mechanizing processes.

Considering the dynamic business environment and banks as complex systems where many variables influence each other, the systems dynamics approach was employed to model the cost of banking services. The simulation results show that a combination of process re-engineering and automation can serve as an effective policy for reducing the cost of banking services.

Todays, tax revenues play an important role in financing governments. The issue of increasing tax revenues and possible ways for this increase is an attractive issue for governments. Especially in a single-product economy like Iran, whose main source of income is the volatile and unpredictable oil income. This research aims, while briefly introducing the presented models and classifying them, effective factors in increasing tax revenues and evaluating public trust and participation in the field of taxation have been examined and identified with a meta-integration approach, and the main components of this model include legal factors, social factors, there are cultural factors, managerial factors, political factors and managerial factors. Then, in order to better understand the variables affecting this relationship and understand the existing dynamics, using the approach of system dynamics modeling and drawing causal-loop diagrams (CLD), a model for evaluating trust and public participation in the field of taxation is presented and finally simulated so It was done by Vensim software. The simulation results indicate the positive effect of economic factors on public trust and participation in the tax field, with the point that the effect of economic factors is greater than the simultaneous application of all components.

Acceleration of industrial development, especially in developing countries, has led to an increase in the transportation of hazardous materials and, consequently, an increase in hazards and accidents, which are sometimes combined with critical conditions that complicate the situation and The risk management process becomes more difficult. The purpose of this paper is to provide a model that is easy to use and comprehensive enough to identify and accurately assess the components of risk management in complex critical situations. This model consisted of four steps of identification, analysis, evaluation and control and used tools such as system dynamics and fuzzy AHP and was implemented in a hydrazine transport sample in war conditions. In the identification stage, 8 criteria and 46 sub-criteria were identified. In the risk assessment phase, the limitations of dealing with crisis situations were considered in determining acceptable limits. In the risk analysis stage, while introducing decision factors in crisis situations, criteria and sub-criteria were weighted with fuzzy AHP, it was found that population density and defense facilities are the most important in the risk of transporting hazardous materials, followed by driver-related sub-criteria. Finally, while presenting risk control planning, ways to reduce risk to an acceptable level were examined. At this stage, the effectiveness of each sub-criterion of total risk was calculated and taken into account

Reducing CO2 emissions is one of the most critical research frontiers. Additional oil recovery through CO2 injection can play an important role in stimulating carbon sequestration and storage and help earn additional oil revenues. This article is paid, for by building a model of electricity production and carbon emissions from the country's thermal power plants, to identify and feasibility of carrying out the CO2-EOR project through the transfer of carbon from power plant activities through a dedicated pipeline and injecting it into oil fields. This model, which has been applied using system modeling tools to better understand the complexities of the studied problem, with the design of the main sub-systems of thermal and renewable electricity generation and the examination of the relationship between these sub-systems preliminary economic analysis, provides a plan for the feasibility of the project. The research results, while confirming the acceptable success in achieving environmental and economic goals, emphasize the need to conduct wider and deeper research and pay special attention to this approach as an outstanding opportunity to achieve the country's sustainable development goals.

In Iran, several measures have been taken to increase collaboration between universities and society, particularly industry. However, the lack of a systemic view and existing dynamics have resulted in a lack of proper investigation of the university-society relationship, and many aspects have been overlooked. This study aims to provide a dynamic model of university-society communication using a system dynamics approach to eliminate obstacles and conflicts, taking historical data into account. To achieve this goal, three main variables were considered: essay writing, quality of education, and extracurricular projects. The relationship between these indicators in the research model was established through the faculty member capacity variable, which is a common source for all three main variables. To validate the model, a behavior reproduction test and model sensitivity analysis were used. After validating the model, different policies were investigated, and the best policy was chosen to improve the three main variables according to the faculty member capacity variable. The simulation results showed that the allocation of the university budget to the main indicators of essay writing, quality of education, and extracurricular projects had acceptable results when taking into account the differences in essay writing, quality of education, and extracurricular projects with the targeted amount.

In the modern corporate economy, the vital point is to convert land resources into wealth and to have a particular and significant role in creating economic, social, and environmental outcomes. Therefore, corporate sustainability is considered a new management style in balancing social, economic, and environmental aspects. The new approach to the issue of sustainability can be used by private and public organizations as a solution for better decision-making to improve business by increasing flexibility and adaptability. Meanwhile, since the tourism industry has cultural, economic, and social benefits, it can achieve a competitive advantage, cost management, profitable financial performance, and finally customer satisfaction by paying special attention to the stability of the system. This study aims to investigate the level of customer satisfaction over time in the framework of system stability in four- and five-star hotels in Yazd province using the system dynamics approach.

Design/methodology/approach:

 In this study, an integrative approach of the fuzzy Delphi method and system dynamics has been used. First, the model variables were identified by the Fuzzy Delphi method, and then the obtained variables were modeled by the system dynamics approach.

The results of the analysis of the presented scenarios indicated that the system is highly sensitive to the number of brands, and with the increase in the number of brands, if a hotel does not improve its performance, it will severely lose its customers, as well as the best investment in terms of liquidity. Investing in advertising is significant, because advertising, in addition to introducing the product, affects the formation of customer expectations and leads to the introduction of the organization, indirectly; this in turn increases the number of customers. Therefore, practical functions have been considered in the fields of sales and corporate products and service organizations. Due to the development of a new model, basic functions can be also considered.

Research limitations/implications: 

The most important limitations of this study included the limited number of four and five-star hotels under investigation, the confidentiality of hotel financial statements, the lack of customer satisfaction evaluation systems in hotels, and the lack of familiarity with most managers with system sustainability issues.

Practical implications:

 The tourism industry has remarkable cultural, economic, and social benefits; it can achieve a competitive advantage, cost leadership, profitable financial performance, and finally customer satisfaction by paying special attention to the sustainability of the system. On the other hand, since hotel management is the beating heart of the tourism industry, it can create a competitive advantage by empowering employees, while making them aware of the importance of environmental issues and attracting their participation in the implementation of environmental policies. By creating a competitive advantage, hoteliers can reduce the total price of their services and attract the attention of a new range of environmentally friendly customers and tourists from all over the world through superiority, fame, credit, and distinction. The mentioned factors will lead to profitability and improvement of financial performance and ultimately increased customer satisfaction.

Social implications:

 Recognition of the sustainability of systems in the three aspects of economic, social, and environmental factors, not only leads to better operational results, but also decreases capital costs, improves company performance, and social factors such as social benefit activities, creates and maintains employment, improves the health and safety of employees, and improves social responsibility and social audit.

Originality/value:

 In this study, a dynamic model is developed based on the mutual and dynamic effects of economic, social, cultural, and managerial factors. It also allows hotel managers to manage their investments in different installments according to liquidity.

The productivity of the human capital of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran plays a pivotal role in achieving effective defense-security readiness to carry out the mission on time and to achieve the expected results by using the existing inputs of the defense sector and inputs available in the national and international environment. In this research, modeling and simulation of AJA human capital productivity system has been done and focused on identifying AJA human capital productivity promotion policies. For this purpose, after reviewing the literature, first using the data of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the participation of AJA human capital development policy makers, a dynamic model of AJA human capital productivity is designed and after validating the model, the behavior of key model variables on the horizon Ten-year simulation (1400-1410) was analyzed. According to the behavior of variables and the results of the model sensitivity analysis test, the proposed policies in three strategies: Development of AJA intellectual capital; Development of the infrastructure of the administrative system and Development of motivational system of AJA intellectual capitals were identified and applied separately and in combination on the model and the results were compared and analyzed. According to the findings of the model simulation, the selected hybrid policies include: Allocation of financial resources to the development of human capital AJA; Documenting and recording the experiences of AJA princes and senior officers; Cooperation with national and international knowledge poles; Free flow of information and intelligent processes; Organizational support and improving the quality of life and work; Job enrichment in order to improve perceived identity and Authority and freedom of action of decision makers in order to develop organizational innovation and entrepreneurship are presented as the best policies to improve human capital productivity.

Considering the important role of pension funds in creating economic, political, cultural security, etc., paying attention to their financial behavior has a particular importance. Estimating the number and cost of long-term obligations of pensioners of the social security organization and how it is financially sustainable by changing the pension payment scheme of the Taieen taklif law to formal definite participation is one of the objectives of this research. In this research, in accordance with Sterman's methodology, the interactions of the relevant components in the framework of systems dynamics were investigated, and the model was validated using the data of the above organization in 2016-2021. Based on the findings of this research, assuming the continuation of the existing conditions, the number of retirees and their survivors and, accordingly, the future costs of the organization will increase significantly. Also, by changing the pension payment plan in the implementation of the above law to the formal definite participation plan, savings amounted to 1982 thousand billion rials will be created for the organization in the 35 years studied (based on the minimum wage in 1400). According to the results, the new plan is more successful than the current plan in ensuring financial stability and intergenerational justice, but considering the country's economic conditions (annual inflation and low employment rate), it is not recommended for other types of retirement.

Talent management is the performance of a series of integrated activities to ensure the recruitment, retention, motivation and development of talented employees required by organizations now and in the future. This research seeks to identify the factors affecting talent assessment, optimal talent management, better understanding of the talent management process and its future prediction, which ultimately designed an optimal model and for this purpose has used the system dynamics (SD) method. The sample includes 150 managers, professors, and skilled staff in various organizations (universities, Ministry of Science and Education) and the data were collected by previous research, interviews with human resources experts of the organizations and a questionnaire collected, with the opinion of experts and groups. Focal point, cause-and-effect relationships were identified and plotted in vensim software, proposed scenarios and policies that indicated important influential factors for predicting future talent management, and finally an optimal model was designed to better understand talent management, optimal talent management and its future.

Today, supply chains in organizations are moving towards the use of effective systems and undoubtedly, knowledge is one of the integral components of such systems, in the supply chain is the most important and fundamental transportation process. Knowledge management components to help the organization achieve higher performance in transportation and distribution. The aim of this study was to provide a dynamic model for evaluating knowledge management components to help the organization achieve higher performance in transportation and distribution. For a better understanding of system behavior, relationships between system variables must be developed and the amount of variables should be simulated over time using computers. vensim software has been used for this purpose.

Tax arrears are one of the most challenging issues in the country's tax system, which due to the role of tax revenue in the annual budget, tax uncertainty and timely collection of taxes, especially in inflationary conditions, impose great losses on the country's economy. Therefore, in this paper, a simulated model of tax arrears in the tax base of legal entities and the amount of tax collection of this source in a specific time horizon with the dynamics of the system is presented. In this study, using the opinion of experts, causal relationships were discovered and causal-circular diagrams and flow diagrams were drawn. Using dynamic systems thinking, the model was developed and by examining the outputs, the factors with the most impact and communication with other components of the system were identified and the necessary corrections were made in the model. The results of the model in Vensim software showed that two main factors are effective in increasing tax revenues. These factors are, respectively, reducing the processing time and certainty of the tax file that leads to an increase in the amount of tax receivable and the other is reducing uncollectible arrears by creating full access to the databases and information of activities of the Tax Affairs Organization. Taxpayers' economy and speeding up the submission of final tax returns to the collection and enforcement sector will eventually provide the basis for more tax revenue collection and reduction of arrears.