جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "internal" در نشریات گروه "مدیریت"

The aim of the current research was to design an agant-based model of production cost management using internal and external organizational decisions in the marketing of industrial products. The research method is practical in terms of the goal and in terms of the research process, it is in the field of quantitative and field research of an exploratory type. The statistical population of the current research is all experts and informants on the issue of the cost of industrial products, who were selected through the snowball sampling method. In this research, 25 people were selected as a sample of experts, and data related to industrial products and their pricing were used to collect data from the companies' databases to check the research objectives. Next, three methods of theme analysis, Delphi technique and factor-based model were used to analyze the data. AnyLogic software was used to run the simulation in order to validate the model. Finally, the findings showed that in this research, two types of improvement policies have been investigated: 1. The effect of product production policies on demand and product pricing in order to make the finished price competitive 2. The effect of capacity planning policies. It is necessary to remember that this problem was designed with the approach of the foundation agent model and the behavior analysis of the research model shows that with the application of product production policies, the cost price of products increases.​

The purpose of this research is to investigate the value-creating factors in the professional relationship between the auditor and the employer in the auditing profession. The current research is quantitative in terms of purpose, application and execution method. The statistical population of the research includes 303 people, including financial experts, executive directors, auditors or legal inspectors, CEOs or members of the board of directors, university faculty members, and others, and they were selected through a targeted sampling method. Data collection is using a questionnaire. SPSS and PLS software were used for data analysis. The results showed that the strategies used in the negotiations between the auditor and the employer can have an effect on the rotation or retention of the auditor. Also, the effect of the merger of audit institutions on the relationship between the auditor and the employer has been positive, and of course, the monopoly of the audit market can affect the quality of the relationship between the audit institution and the employer. In other words, the monopoly of the audit market by large institutions can be a serious threat to other institutions. Also, the value of GOF equal to 0.200 was obtained, which indicates a good and moderate fit in the model.

The article’s aim is to analyze the interaction of internal and external factors of sustainable development in the free zones of Iran. In other words, identifying the most important internal factors affecting the improvement of external factors and vice versa is considered. For this purpose, the relationships between internal and external factors of sustainable development in the free zones of Iran are analyzed through the analysis of the correlation structure between them. For the success of organizations in a dynamic and changing environment, managers must strive to improve processes and sustainability. Also, in the process of sustainable development, the impact of internal and external factors of sustainability should be examined and analyzed. Based on the importance of free zones in the country's economy, the issue of sustainable development of these zones needs to be considered from different angles and using scientific methods. Given that the multiple relationships between internal and external factors and the direct relationship between internal and external factors, the sustainable development of free zones has not been done with each other, and closing this gap is a necessity. Because, external factors of sustainable development are not within the authority of free zones and depend on organizations, companies and communities. Neglecting the impact of these factors on domestic factors can lead to more costs in achieving sustainable development of free zones. For this purpose, in this study, the relationships between internal and external factors are examined and analyzed to finally achieve sustainable development of free zones based on accurate information and analysis of various aspects to achieve the best achievement at the lowest cost in sustainable development of these zones.

The main method is the canonical correlation analysis method. Using questionnaires containing questions related to internal and external indicators, which are prepared in the form of a five-point Likert option, experts answer it in an online survey. The collected data from internal and external factor questionnaires are analyzed using SPSS 24 software. Then, canonical correlation analysis is performed to study the correlation between internal and external factors of sustainable development of free zones. This canonical correlation is made for the study between two data sets that include seven internal factors in the first set and four external factors in the second set. The statistical population of this study consists of specialists and professors of Payame Noor University and 184 randomly selected statistical sample participated.

After performing the canonical correlation analysis method, the findings related to the correlation between canonical variables, the proportion of variance of internal and external factors explained by the first and second set canonical variables, canonical factor loads, and canonical cross-factor loads were obtained. The results, based on the Fisher test show that the correlation of three pairs of canonical variables among the four possible pairs is confirmed at the significance level of 0.05. The correlation of the first canonical pair is equal to 0.994 with a specific value of 9.039. Also, the correlations of the second and the third canonical pair are equal to 0.705 and 0.659, respectively, with special values of 0.989 and 0.767. The calculated values show that 90, 49.7 and 43.4% of the variance in the canonical variables related to external (internal) factors are explained by the canonical variables related to internal (external) factors, respectively. The set of canonical variables related to internal factors represents 65.9% of the sample dispersion of the sample of internal factors, while the three identified canonical variables related to external factors cover 93% of the sample dispersion of the sample of external factors. Also, the proportion of variance of the canonical variables of the first group to the total dispersion of the four external factors was equal to 46.3%, while 69.3% of the variance of the seven internal factors is explained by the canonical measures of the second set.

The results show that the proportion of variance in the set of internal factors that is explained by the canonical variables of the first set is less than the proportion of variance identified in the set of external factors that is explained by the canonical variables of the second set. Also, the proportion of variance of the four external factors explained by the canonical variables of the first set is less than the proportion of variance of the seven internal factors covered by the canonical variables of the second set. Based on the calculated factor load values, it was shown that the canonical variables of the first set generally have significant factor loads with all internal factors, including 1) welfare and services, 2) support and regulation, 3) pollution control, 4) protection and prevention 5) Productivity, 6) green operation and 7) infrastructure and facilities. Similarly, it was observed that the values of the factor load of the second set, canonical variables on all four external factors, including 1) culture building, 2) environmental measures, 3) knowledge and communication, and 4) local community support are significant. In this context, the internal factors of "welfare and services" and the external factors of "culturalization" have the most factor factors with the canonical variables of the first and second categories, respectively. The calculated values for cross-factor loads showed that changes in the four internal factors "welfare and services", "support and regulation", "green operation" and "infrastructure and facilities" will have the greatest effect on canonical variables derived from external factors. In addition, cross-factor loads are significant for all external factors other than "knowledge and communication", the largest of which is related to the "culture-building" factor. In general conclusion, it can be said that internal and external factors of sustainable development of free zones significantly affect each other.

The construction industry is the one of the biggest sources of pollution which has caused significant harmful effects on the environment.Adopting green supply chain management can be a suitable strategy to control and reduce harmful environmental effects.The aim of the current research is to identify and present a model of effective barriers to the implementation of green supply chain management in the construction industry.In this research, a mixed approach and a purposeful sampling method have been used.To identify the components, a meta-synthesis approach was used and then a semi-structured interview with 14 experts who were managers and contractors active in the construction industry,has been used. In order to analyze the data, was used the hidden content analysis strategy by using MAXQDA software. Finally,the components based on the power of influence and dependence were identified using the MICMAC analysis and the research model was presented with the interpretive-structure method. Based on the findings, the barriers affecting to the implementation of green supply chain management were classified into 16 main factors and into 2 categories of internal and external barriers. Also, the results have shown a ten-level model lack of government support as the most influential variable in the tenth level and the variables: non-cooperation between stakeholders, lack of support from senior and middle managers, desire to maintain current construction methods, lack of green supply chain management measures in the vision and mission of the company are ranked as the most influential variables of this model are placed at the first level.

The purpose of the current research is to develop a strategy in one of the companies that produce auto parts. Considering today's complex environment, organizations need to develop a strategy to protect their position in competitive markets. The absence of such plans can increase unforeseen crises for companies. Usually, car manufacturing companies outsource the parts needed to assemble cars to parts manufacturing companies in order to reduce their production costs and increase the quality of their products. According to the environmental conditions and their current and future capabilities, component manufacturing companies should choose a suitable strategy to help the survival and growth of these companies in the highly competitive arena of the component manufacturing industry. This research is a descriptive research in terms of method. Information from library and field method has been used simultaneously. In the library method, the method of content analysis and the review of statistics and documents and the field method of questionnaires, interviews and surveys of the senior managers of this industrial plant were used, and the tools used in this research were the matrix of internal and external factors, the SWOT matrix and the QSPM matrix. Since the country's automobile industry is related to more than 60 other industries, the existence of a long-term strategy in this industry seems very necessary. One of these strategies is the existence of the manufacturing industry. To enter the auto parts manufacturing industry, there are challenges related to management, supply chain structure, technical and quality issues, and economic issues. Kosha Afarin Ideal Khodro Industries is an auto parts manufacturing company located at Iran Khodro crossroads in Danesh town. . Nowadays, changes and transformations are very fast and diverse in the automobile industry, and in order to keep pace and be present in this industry and meet the needs of customers, it is necessary to have a strategic planning management. Due to the fact that Ideal Khodro Koshaafrin Industries is one of the parts manufacturers of automobile companies in Iran, strategic planning can play an important role in the success of this company. According to the economic conditions and the factors of the external environment of organizations, especially component companies, the need for strategic planning and the use of new methods is unavoidable. Therefore, during this research, in addition to paying attention to the pathology of the supply of internal parts in the automobile industry, using the matrix of external and internal factors, SWOT has been compiled for this company, and at the end, the best strategy has been selected using the QSPM matrix. The management of the mentioned company should be carefully considered, which according to the obtained results is the best production strategy with the possibility of changing the type of production and product, paying attention to the flexible production system.

Advancement in the field of having a specialized workforce and advanced technologies in advancing the mission and improving the level of combat capability and improving their performance requires the use of knowledge management and the existence of a system in which organizational knowledge can be easily created, acquired and stored. Use the flow of various activities of military organizations. Accordingly, the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in order to advance its goals regarding knowledge management, needs a comprehensive, complete, practical and appropriate model in line with its strategic goals, which in this study intends to achieve this based on its vision and mission. Therefore, the present article seeks to explain the environmental factors affecting the development of knowledge management strategies of military organizations. This research is of applied type and in terms of nature and method of conducting it based on descriptive-survey method, it is consistent with the mixed data analysis approach. For this purpose, by reviewing the literature and background related to this field, to study the development of vision and knowledge management mission, development of internal and external environmental factors affecting the development of knowledge management strategy and their prioritization in military organizations through SWOT analysis. The TOPSIS matrix was developed using SPSS software.The results show that the current state of knowledge management in military organizations is aggressive, based on which knowledge management strategies in military organizations were developed and prioritized.

This research was conducted with the aim of exploring and ranking the intellectual capital factors affecting knowledge-based companies. The research was performed using a descriptive-survey method with a quantitative approach. The statistical population of this research consisted of 155 directors of knowledge-based companies, from whom 110 people were selected as samples using simple random sampling method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire . Opinions of experts and professors were used to ensure the formal validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated to be 0.89 using a composite reliability criterion model. Data was analyzed using SPSS20 software and SMART-PLS software package by confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. The results showed that the intellectual capital components that affect knowledge-based companies can be divided in two groups, internal factors (entrepreneur characteristics, company strategy and characteristics of the company) and external factors (institutional environment, political environment, cultural/social environment, economic environment and the infrastructure environment). The final model of the intellectual capital factors influencing knowledge-based companies was confirmed by fitness indicators with an index value of 0.70 which for the designed model, shows a suitable fitting of the factor structure and the theoretical basis of the research.

Last four decades, the dangers of differences in the company's internal affairs and the political, economic and legal crises that have led to conflict have been seen as a threat to the operation of international trade companies. Because these are unpredictable and sudden, risk management before the start of any partnership, such as the insert of exit clause or restrictive clauses in the transfer of share is used as a comprehensive process by foreign investors. Since uncertainty and risk are an integral part of for Joint Venture Companies, Our goal from writing this article is awareness of this risk playing an important role in drafting contracts in a way that is responsive to problems during the life of the company. Therefore, in this article, we attempt to examine all the risks arising from the internal affairs of the company and the relations between partners and foreigners that are related to events outside the company, such as the economic, political and cultural situation of the host country.

The purpose of this study was to examine the internal and external governance of the higher education system in Iran. To achieve this goal, the qualitative approach was used. The statistical population of the study was senior managers and senior experts in educational and research departments. Based on theoretical data saturation, 11 of them were interviewed face to face. Semi-structured interview method was used for data collection and inductive content analysis was used for data analysis. The findings of the study showed that the major actors of the internal governance include the university chancellor, the board of directors, the council of the university, and the board of trustees, and the main actors of external governance are the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, the Expediency Council, the Supreme Council of the Science, Research and Technology, the Ministry of Science and Research and Technology and the Vice-President of Science and Technology Presidency. Also, components of the higher education governance system include actors (from the government, the market, or civil society) and policies (Intra-institutional policies such as financial policies, content policies and structural policies, and other policies such as social policies, entrepreneurial policies, and govermental policies). Then, each of the internal and external actors of the higher education system were examined based on their legal functions in accordance with the research framework.

Mature organizations use different strategies compared to emerging organizations and focus on a specific type of strategy and perform better. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of focus on strategy in the effect of organizational maturity on organizational performance of Alborz Tax Administration. This research is of applied type, based on the time of data collection, cross-sectional and in terms of data collection method is survey and descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of 250 employees and managers of Alborz Tax Affairs Organization in 1398, of which 150 statistical samples were selected using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling method from the mentioned population. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated with Cronbach's alpha for organizational maturity (0.763), strategy focus (0.903) and organizational performance (0.915). The validity of the questionnaires was reported to be appropriate using apparent validity and confirmatory factor analysis. Data analysis was performed at both descriptive and inferential levels using SPSS19 and Lisrel software. Based on the findings, the effect of organizational maturity on focus on strategy (internal and external) and organizational performance was confirmed. The effect of internal and external strategy on the performance of the organization was also obtained. Finally, the mediating role of focus on strategy in the effect of organizational maturity on organizational performance was also confirmed.

Due to the importance of the market and the role of norms and values ​​in controlling it, the present study examines the environments affecting the ethical norms of marketing. Emphasis has been placed on the food industry in Isfahan province. The present study, in terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature, is descriptive-predictive of correlational type and is among the field studies. In this research, library method has been used to prepare research literature and Delphi method based on field research and questionnaire tools have been used to collect statistical data. The research questionnaire was compiled based on the components of ethical marketing according to the Iranian Islamic culture based on environments and norms and the validity of the questionnaire by content method by experts and formally by a number of statistical population and statistical method of factor analysis. Confirmed. The reliability of the whole questionnaire was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha of 0.810. The statistical population of this study included 30 members of the scientific board and marketing specialists as experts in the Delphi method and 1660 senior managers, executive managers and managers of marketing and sales of food industry in Isfahan province. The volume of the sample was estimated to be 315 according to the Cochran's formula. In the analysis of statistical data, two methods of descriptive and inferential statistics have been used in SPSS, LISREL and PLS software environments. The results and findings of the data analysis showed that; The organizational environment of the organization had a significant effect on all norms. The internal environment of the organization had a significant effect on all norms except social norms and religious norms, and the remote environment of the organization had a significant effect on all norms except individual norms.

Think Tank is the position of a center for creating new thoughts and ideas. Decision-making also plays a crucial role in increasing the capacity for policy making and strategic decisions as well as being regarded as an essential tool and framework which serves for the manager’s decision making. After recognition of the issues as the first step, the subject of argumentation, bargaining and satisfying numerous players, the bank’s internal and external stakeholders, and satisfying influential figures are of prominence for presenting the issues like the bank’s Agenda-setting. Meanwhile, the role of think tanks and the experts’ final decisions influenced by the stakeholders, influential figures, the ruling values on the society or the costumer’s necessities or the type of scenarios for the goal of analyzing the role of Refah Kargaran Bank’s think tank on the agenda-setting have been executed. The research’s finding is of practical nature, and its goal is of descriptive-survey type. The independent variable is the think tank, and the dependent variable is the agenda-setting whose factors have been extracted by the model of Cob & Ross. The population of the study consists of 400 individuals selected from the members of the think tank, and 45 questionnaires have been distributed among the individuals based on Convenience sampling. University journalists confirmed its validity and its reliability was calculated as 0.801. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normalization of the data and One-Sample t-Test was used for the relationship between the variables, fuzzy multivariable decision-making method and priority processing for influential factors on competitive merit was computed by using fuzzy TOPSIS technique. t-Test findings indicate that policies arising from the unison of Refah Kargaran Bank’s Think Tank’s members have a meaningful influence on their agenda-setting although to some extent political, financial and official players respectively prevent them from accepting the issues and following the agenda-setting. Another factor for receiving the issue and challenging it was the economic factor for making the final decision. The findings arising from the TOPSIS technique corroborated the influence of public opinions on the decisions made by the members of the think tank for accepting the issue and following the agenda-setting to be recognized as a policy

The purpose of this study is to identify the initiatives on green supply chain performance in petrochemical  and petroleum industries and evaluation of their effects. The research method is correlation which is done by using a questionnaire tool and a simple random sampling method. Data is analysised using SPSS software and LISREL software. The results indicat that there is a meaningful relationship between environmental and operational performance, economic performance; and operational performance, economic performance and organizational performance, but there is not a meaningful relationship between green supply chain initiatives and economic performance, environmental performance and organizational performance, operational performance, and organizational performance.

The present study aimed to analyze and formulate strategy of Cement Sistan based on SWOT analysis. The study method is descriptive-analytic and applied in terms of aim. The study population is beneficiaries of All sale and Export area are divided into Three groups including sale experts and managers 15 People, local customers 10 People and internal customers 20 people .Data collection included interviews and questionnaires developed by the researchers is based on findings from the interviews. the most important Strengths of Cement Sistan are the quality of products and Financial Ability Company . The most Important weaknesses are costly products transportation in competitive market and the lack Regulation Sale. The most important opportunities are Despite Selling Export Markets and No Replacement Products; and the most Important Threats are Boundary limitations and the Problems of Points in Export and the lack of Diversity in Iran. Using a Matrix of IE, it was Found that the Company's Position in the Offensive Zone is the area with the strategies were Prioritization Matrix QSPM. The most important strategies are Including the diversity of homogenous products, development of Nimrooz Cement of Afghanistan, Increasing export to GCC and east African countries, and penetration in new markets and making target Market specialized.

The major principle of the strategic management is that the organizations should be for exploiting of the opportunities and avoiding of the effects of the threats or reduce them are seeking to codify of the strategies; And on the other hand, one of the main activities and necessary of the strategic management is that, to identify the strengths and weakness of the departments and the organizational units and to evaluate of them. This research in terms of the purpose is applied method and in terms of the nature is based on the descriptive-analytical method. In this research, at first with refer to the conducted researches in the world central banks and the studies inside of the country, the internal and external factors and the strategies and in the form of SWOT matrix have identified and the type of strategy have determined, based on IE, and finally on the basis of QSPM matrix have prioritized all of them. Based on the results, the defensive strategy, means the mentioned five strategy in the WT, had considered to assess and prioritize that its results in terms of the priorities, for instance, the coordination strategy between the monetary and financial policies in order to achieve of the economic stability and solving country economic problems, be independent strategy by reviewing of laws and regulations, strategies to strengthen of the management processes, decision making and planning, strategies to strengthen of the policy role and strategies to strengthen of the regulatory framework.

Nowadays Competitive Environment, Iranian goods are typically unable to compete with their foreign comparable goods due to the failing in designing marketing strategy rather than just their failure in quality. From this viewpoint, the current study examines the effects of brand personality and consumer budget on the compiling of marketing strategy. To achieve this objective, four types of commodities with different degree of utilization in two kinds of Iranian and non- Iranian brand goods were appointed from a sample of 600 people in the North and South of Tehran. The reliability and the validity of the questionnaire and data were approved by Cronbach’s Alpha and face validity methods. Subsequently, the econometrics model of Logit was applied to test the hypotheses. The results suggest that for all types of Iranian goods in the North, and also for semi – durable and non- durable goods in the South of Tehran, the brand personality plays essential role in marketing strategy compilation. Nonetheless, in the South of Tehran and for the highly durable goods and durable goods the consumer budget plays a significant role in the compiling of marketing strategy.

The pillars of any successful management as a service institute in any system، whether public or private are laid on three major factors، namely Programming، Executing، and Supervising. Budgeting (especially performance budgeting) is deemed as a main element of planning. Supervising on how it is executed and the evaluation of the results، generally known as performance evaluation and operational audit are the major keys to materializing the goals and plans in any system. Performance budgeting is the annual performance plan besides annual budgeting indicating the relationship among the amounts of funds allocated to the each program as a part of the strategic objectives along with the results of its implementation. This study tries to analyze the internal and external factors affecting the implementation of operational budgeting in specialized holding companies as well as to suggest operational and executive solutions. On this account، 310 employees of holding companies، including 168 experts and 142 directors and deputies were selected by random stratified sampling method to fill out a researcher-made questionnaire. In the end، the results were analyzed through a one-sample T-test. The findings of the research demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between internal-external organizational factors and execution of performance budgeting in holding companies.

This study examined the relationship between GCB(general citizenship behavior)and spirituality as dependent variable,OCB(Organizational citizenship behavior) as independent variable and three job attitudes:" participation in decision making"," job satisfaction "and" organizational commitment" as mediator variables in Iran Insurance as a commercial service provider company in public sector by correlation-analysis. Questionnaire based data gathered by classificative sampling method from a sample off 250 persons witch selected from a statistical society off about 1000 persons. The results produced by LISREL software technique from path analyses method shows that both GCB and spirituality in general have positive correlation with job attitudes and OCB in two general dimensions: altruism and compliance. Despite the significant and surprising differences in the details of studied relationship, the important and distinguished aspect of this study is that spirituality has more effect on OCB. It wasnt unexpected, because people are more familiar with this concept.