جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « medium enterprises » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

E-commerce is one of the important areas of innovation in computer technology that can help companies achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. The increasing rate of online business transactions and the innovative attitudes of customers show the necessity of using e-commerce in businesses. E-commerce technology can speed up communication within the company and make the company's resource management more efficient. The seamless transfer of information through shared electronic files and networked computers increases the efficiency of business processes such as documentation, data processing, and other support functions. Small and medium-sized companies are considered the economic backbone of many countries, so the access of these types of companies to the Internet of Things technology and their operationalization is increasingly important. Adopting e-commerce for small and medium-sized enterprises is not easy in part because of the constant change in e-commerce technology and the different needs of local and global businesses. In addition, the cost of acquiring e-commerce infrastructure is high for many SMEs, especially in developing economies. Therefore, the gap between small and medium enterprises and large enterprises increases, and this may affect the competitiveness and survival of SMEs in the long run. The Internet of Things can play a role in the development of e-commerce when its security is guaranteed. Many companies ignore their security index to keep their costs low to gain more profit, while the Internet of Things is exposed to hackers and malware and can make a company vulnerable to bankruptcy and destruction. draw On the other hand, the discussion of the quality and operational functions of the Internet of Things is related to the efficiency of this field, and these two indicators are more prominent in the design of the Internet of Things field, and businesses should consider these two indicators according to the type of business, business size, business strategy, etc. .. Consider. The purpose of this research is to determine the role of the Internet of Things in the development of e-commerce among small and medium enterprises in Sanandaj.

This research has an applied purpose and is a descriptive-survey type of study. The statistical population of this research consists of 163 small and medium business owners of Sanandaj city. The number of sample members was 115 using Cochran's formula. The selection from among the community members was done using an easy random sampling method. The main tool for collecting research data is the researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of this questionnaire was examined at two levels of structure and content. Factor loadings obtained through SMART PLS software were obtained for each of the questions above 0.4. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 6 expert professors in the field of management with specializations (in marketing, entrepreneurship, human resources, policy-making, business systems, and information technology). The reliability of the research questionnaire was also obtained using Cronbach's alpha test above 0.7 and it was also confirmed at the composite reliability level. SPSS and SMART PLS software were used to analyze the research data. In the research model, a total of 40 items (IT knowledge 8 items, IOT security 8 items, IOT quality 8 items, IOT functions 8 items, and EC e-commerce development 8 items) were included in the model. Each of the variables includes 4 indicators. First, first-order factor analysis (items as indicators) then second-order factor analysis (components as indicators), and finally structural equations were performed for the indicators. The analysis of the model was done in three stages. In the first stage, the external model (measurement model), in the second stage, the internal model (structural model) and in the last stage, the overall model was examined. After fitting the first model, if an item had a factor load less than 0.4, it was removed (in the research model, none of the items had a factor load less than 0.4) and then the final model was fitted.

The results of the first hypothesis of the research showed that IT knowledge has a positive and significant effect on the development of electronic commerce (EC) with a coefficient of 0.491. Information technology provides the best platform for preparing new online business ideas using e-commerce and is an infrastructure that strengthens electronic or online exchanges of goods and services. The results of the second hypothesis of the research showed that IOT security has a positive and significant effect on the development of electronic commerce (EC) with a coefficient of 0.566. Secure communication is the main factor for maintaining privacy and confidentiality of data among electronic businesses. The results of the third hypothesis of the research showed that the quality of IOT has a positive and significant effect on the development of electronic commerce (EC) with a coefficient of 0.413. The Internet of Things is driving technological changes and the development of new products and services that rely heavily on the quality of data collected by IoT devices. The results of the fourth hypothesis of the research showed that IOT functions have a positive and significant effect on the development of electronic commerce (EC) with a coefficient of 0.428. Operationalizing the Internet of Things in SMEs requires complete visibility and control over all IoT hardware and software components. Design, development, provisioning, monitoring, support, and maintenance practices must be agile and deliver business value without increasing operational risk.

The use of the Internet of Things in e-commerce has revolutionized the way businesses communicate with their customers around the world. The Internet of Things can transform businesses by automating the processes of inventory management, automation, saving time and money, and... Researches are concentrated in the area of larger companies. However, it is SMEs that are the economic backbone of many countries, which is why it is increasingly important for these types of companies to access these technologies and make them operational. As the number of businesses using the Internet of Things has increased, so has e-commerce. The future of SMEs is also predicted to be electronic, as most of the growth among businesses is now happening online.

Internationalization of small and medium businesses, as one of the main goals of businesses, considered the success factor of entrepreneurs. This research done with the aim of identifying the dimensions of internationalization of small and medium businesses in emerging markets. The current research, under the interpretive paradigm, with a qualitative approach and a multiple case study strategy, tried to understand and find out how to internationalize small and medium businesses in emerging markets. Data collected through semi-structured interviews from four successful international entrepreneurs in emerging markets due to their background in startup different businesses in the food industry, academic literacy, and their mastery and knowledge of emerging markets. By analyzing the content of interviews and extracting codes, the dimensions and components of internationalization of small and medium businesses in emerging markets identified and extracted.Data coding process done through Max QD software version 2020. Based on the results of data analysis, the fourteen main dimensions of the internationalization of small and medium businesses in emerging markets include entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneur's lived experiences, international entrepreneur's personality traits, entrepreneurial orientation, vision, dynamic capabilities, innovation in business model components and business strategies, branding, competitive advantage, marketing, values governing the target market, institutional environment and business environment dynamics.

In most countries, one of the most important and interesting topics in research is the discussion of tax aggressiveness, how it is measured, the factors affecting it, and the results obtained from it. Tax aggressiveness leads to countries' tax revenues being lower than the estimated amount. One of the main factors affecting management's motivations for tax aggressiveness in developing countries is the political factor of company managers due to the fact that the companies are state owned. On the other hand, social responsibility guided by the government can be effective in reducing corporate tax aggressiveness. This study attempts to investigate the impact of political connections on tax aggressiveness and identify the moderating role of human resources social responsibility in relation to these variables. The statistical population of the present study is small and medium sized companies active in Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, 126 companies were selected by systematic elimination sampling method between 2014 to 2020. In this study, multivariate regression analysis with combination data whith fixed effects method in Eviews 9 software was used. The results indicate that the company's political connections affect on tax aggressiveness. Human resources social responsibility has a moderating role in the relationship between corporate political connections and tax aggressiveness.

Nowadays, in most countries of the world, small and medium industries play various roles in social, industrial and service arenas. An e-business is a system that is created with the aim of satisfying customers and facilitating the fulfillment of their orders using the Internet. Advances in technology offer countless opportunities for rapid market access nationally and internationally to small and medium-sized enterprises. Accordingly, infrastructures should be provided by the government to make it easier to use the facilities, and the relevant agencies should work together to create a safe and comfortable environment, away from strict regulations. In this way, the ground will be prepared for the development of the economy, the training of specialized man power and the employment of experts in organizations. The aim of this research is to develop the electronic businesses of small and medium enterprises in Yazd Province in the field of ceramic tiles using the fuzzy cognition mapping approach. Based on the nature of the research, responses are found to the questions ‘What factors are effective in the development of e-businesses of small and medium enterprises in the Iranian ceramic tile industry?’ and ‘What is the degree of effectiveness, influence and centrality of the factors?’

This study is descriptive in type. From a methodological point of view, it is based on the mixed research method, which was done in four stages. In the first stage, based on the results of a library study on the theoretical foundations and research background, the basic conceptual framework of electronic business in the ceramic tile industry was extracted. For this purpose, two statistical populations were sampled the first of which consisted of eight experts in the field of business management in Yazd Province. They were randomly selected and interviewed. At this stage, 18 factors were obtained by reviewing the literature and the research background, as a result of which a number of factors were removed, merged or added from the prepared list. Finally, 15 factors were approved by the experts. The second sample included 35 online sellers of ceramic tiles in Yazd Province who were selected to participate in the construction of the model. In the second stage of the qualitative modeling process, the causal map of the experts was extracted and analyzed. Then, fuzzy cognitive mapping was drawn by the Ucinet6 software. In the fourth stage, the degree of centrality, the effectiveness of specific factors, and the scenarios for the development of e-business in small and medium enterprises in Yazd Province were simulated in a case study of the ceramic tile industry, and the results were checked with the soft FCMapper1 software. The data and the scenarios were analyzed using the fuzzy cognitive mapping technique, and the research model was designed through social network analysis.

According to the research findings, the factors affecting the development of e-business in small and medium enterprises in Yazd Province (with a focus on the ceramic tile industry) include leadership and management factors, technical requirements, financial infrastructure, organizational image, product and service, supply chain, customer satisfaction, competitors and partners, suppliers, political and legal infrastructures, marketing and advertising, after-sales service, customer trust, investment, and organizational culture. Based on the degree of centrality, what tops the list is leadership and management factors as well as products and services. Also, the results of the analysis of the second scenario indicate that, since the managers of the ceramic tile industry try to have better leadership and management and do not take legal, political and legal infrastructures into account, they cannot hope for the progress and development of their business. In other words, management and leadership along with legal, political and legal infrastructures can lead to the development of businesses in the ceramic tile industry. According to the results of the third scenario, if we develop the product and service factor but do not pay attention to the value chain, the majority of the factors change in a negative direction, but the rate of change is less than that in the second scenario.

Finally, based on the results of this study, there are suggestions made for the development of electronic businesses in the ceramic tile industry, including the attendance of managers in various courses of management and leadership skills and market study. The accurate knowledge of customer needs is also pointed out in order to provide the products and services that are more tailored to the tastes of customers and, as a result, their satisfaction is guaranteed as much as possible.

The purpose of this research is to provide a Pattern of financial empowerment in Small and Medium Enterprises with the Grounded Theory approach. The participants of this research can be divided into two general groups, including the first group including academic professors in the fields of management, accounting and finance (academic experts), the second group including experts with experience in small and medium-sized companies (experts experimental), categorized. This research was carried out with the qualitative Grounded Theory method of the Strauss and Corbin Foundation. To achieve this goal, after studying the literature and the background of the research, an interview protocol was designed and interviews were conducted with 17 experts using targeted non-probability sampling and snowball methods. In the open coding stage in the MAXQDA2020 software environment, a number of 458 open codes (descriptive codes) were obtained, and in the axial coding stage, categories were determined and according to screening, removing duplicate codes and integrating synonymous codes, a number of 63 categories were obtained. Sub and 8 main categories are presented as a Pattern of financial empowerment in Small and Medium Enterprises with the Grounded Theory approach.

Digitalization affects many organizational strategies of a company, including the development of market opportunities, and is known as an element that strengthens the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises. However, the use of digital technologies requires investment and changes in the internal procedures of a company through the mobilization of new resources based on digitalization and the use of special capabilities for their management. Research on the impact of digitalization on the export maturity of SMEs is scattered and there is a need for a comprehensive research on the past research trend and the future trend of this topic. This study is a bibliometric analysis using Vosviewer software, with the aim of reviewing published scientific products and drawing a scientific map in the field of digitization and export maturity of small and medium companies, which investigated this field using 240 articles indexed between 1984 and 2022. To conduct this study, co-authorship analysis, co-citation analysis and co-occurrence analysis were used for network analysis. In the end, according to the analyzes carried out, five main topic clusters were identified, which include organizational resources based on digitalization, organizational capabilities based on digitalization, dimensions of export maturity, export and internationalization, and sustainable development; According to the trend of the articles, we can expect the field of sustainable development to attract more attention in the coming years.

Having the ability to choose a marketing strategy, use economic information and understand ways to increase the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises is vital. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the position of marketing based on social media in SMEs of Lorestan province under the conditions of the Corona crisis from the point of view of their managers and owners. This research is based on the applied goal and based on the descriptive-correlation method. The size of the statistical population was estimated using Cochran's formula of 197 managers and owners of SMEs in Lorestan province. A closed questionnaire was used to collect information. In order to check the content validity of the questionnaire according to the professors of the entrepreneurship department of Ilam University and to measure the reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, the average of which was 0.85 for the study variables and indicates the reliability of the research tool. In order to analyze the data, community mean comparison tests (one-group t), Pearson correlation, multiple regression, simple linear regression and regression path analysis were used. According to the findings, the mean variable of the intention to use social media based marketing in the conditions of the corona crisis was calculated to be 3.75 and above the average, as well as the variables of motivation to use social media based marketing, the skill of using the media. Social factors in the direction of marketing and understanding the usefulness of social media based marketing explained 32% of the changes in the intention to use social media based marketing in the conditions of the Corona crisis, in addition to the intention to use social media based marketing as well. It had a significant relationship with the amount of marketing based on social media.

The aim of the current research is to identify, stratify and analyze the main dimensions and indicators affecting the dynamic capabilities of information technology in small and medium-sized companies using the structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) technique. The dimensions and indicators of the dynamic capabilities of information technology have been identified based on the literature study and content analysis and comparisons of related researches and interviews with experts and specialists, and then, using structural-interpretive modeling, the relationships between the dimensions and indicators of the dynamic capabilities of information technology have been determined as Integrated analysis. Finally, by using MICMAC analysis, the types of variables have been determined according to their influence and effectiveness on other variables. The results show that the variable of digitalization of business processes is among the linked variables and has a high power of influence and dependence. This variable with the greatest influence is considered as the driver and motivator of the dynamic capabilities of information technology in small and medium-sized companies, and any action on this variable causes the change of other variables. Also, measurement variables, resources and competencies and coordination are among the key variables for the development of dynamic capabilities of information technology in small and medium companies. These variables have a great impact on the realization and promotion of dynamic capabilities of information technology in small and medium-sized companies and have high influence and low dependence.

This article aims to compare RW and PW models in profit forecasting for small and medium-sized companies. The research method is applicable in terms of its purpose, and it is an inductive and quantitative research in terms of the implementation logic and the nature of the data. Financial statements in the period of 2011 to 2021 have been used to collect data. In order to select the appropriate statistical sample, the systematic elimination sampling method was used. In this method, firstly, the small and medium-sized companies are identified, according to the number of employees and the nominal value of the capital, and conditions are defined for the selection of the sample, and those that do not have the mentioned conditions are removed from the sample. These conditions are determined according to the hypothesis test model and research variables. Also, in this article, the panel model and Eviuse software have been used to extract the proposed model from the principal component analysis approach and to fit the model to the observations. According to the results obtained from the analysis presented in this research, it can be seen that the new model provided for profit forecasting is more effective than the profit forecasting of RW and PW models, and this issue confirms the ability of regression models to forecast profit in the field of financial and profitability strategies for small and medium-sized companies.

Financing has always been one of the main challenges of creating and developing start-up businesses and small economic industries. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to identify and present a model for financing small and medium industries with the approach of evaluation laboratory and decision test based on the process of interpretive structural modeling and Fuzzy Dimetal. This article deals with the design of different scenarios in the financing of small and medium enterprises. For this reason, taking into account the previous studies and the fuzzy screening method, a dynamic model has been developed to extract effective factors on the financing of small and medium enterprises and to specify the cause-effect circles. Then, using structural modeling technique and Fuzzy Demetall, relationships and levels between them, the amount of influential and influential coefficients have been determined and included in the model, finally, in order to test the accuracy of the model and determine the behavior of state and rate variables, we collected Information from 30 small and medium-sized enterprises has been requested to know the new methods of financing in a period of 12 months, which was evaluated by analyzing the behavior of the variables in the framework of the model, as well as the sensitivity analysis, and the validity of the designed dynamic model. The results showed that small and medium enterprises can benefit from the designed model and scenarios for optimal financing of their business.

Today, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises are an important part of the global economy. Therefore, because of their positive effects on the economy, understanding the components affecting the development of these Enterprises is of great importance and necessity. In this research, an attempt was made to investigate the effect of cultural components on the development of SMEs in the petrochemical industry.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of this study was SMEs managers in the petrochemical industry. A Standard Questionnaire of this research were distributed among 39 managers in this field. The validity of the research instrument was calculated using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis model and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's Alpha. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and SMART PLS software using descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modeling.

Findings showed that the cultural components has a significant effect on the development of SMEs in the petrochemical industry. The research findings also indicate that the components of distance from low power, individualism, avoiding low uncertainty, long-term orientation and masculinity have a positive effect on the development of small and medium Enterprises in the petrochemical industry.

Cultural components can lead to the development of small and medium Enterprises in the petrochemical industry by facilitating business processes.

Globalization is interpreted, on the one hand, as the integration of markets globally and, on the other hand, as the internationalization of companies. Internationalization, on the other hand, brings economic advantages of scale, higher revenue, fast investment, learning from export processes, and increased productivity for companies. Research on the internationalization of companies has led to the identification of unusual patterns due to the speed of international development and the diversity of market entry in different temporal and geographical dimensions. Thus, not only do early internationalization studies explain these patterns, but also companies can follow these patterns to achieve a fast-paced position in their entering international markets and expanding their world-class operations. In this research, the factors affecting the early internationalization of small and medium food companies in Iran are investigated, and the most important factors are identified and analyzed homogeneously in the form of six main dimensions. This is done through reviewing previous studies and interviews experts. Also, the structural, managerial, cultural, competitive and institutional environments of industries as well as their psychological characteristics are identified and classified. Then, after the completion of the questionnaire by the managers of food companies as the statistical population, the most important components of early internationalization are identified. In the present study, a mixed exploratory method (qualitative and quantitative) is used to conduct the research. In the qualitative method, by a review of the conducted studies, 68 components of early internationalization were identified. Then, by a survey of 17 industry and university experts in three stages, 61 components were selected through the fuzzy Delphi method. Also, based on the reports of the Trade Development Organization, the data of 149 food industry companies that had international activities were reviewed. Next, using the Morgan table, 107 companies were selected as a statistical sample, and the finalized components were distributed among them in the form of a questionnaire. After the analysis of the data by the SPSS software, the most important components influencing the early internationalization of small and medium companies in the food industry were identified.  The elements of early internationalization were classified into organizational, environmental, and individual types. The structural dimension consisted of 16 components, five of which (strategic resources and assets, company goals and strategies, competitive product price, brand reputation, and company size) were listed in the study conducted by Langst et al.  (2014). In this dimension, most company goals and strategies were considered. Tradition (2019) classified the factors influencing the early internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises into three dimensions including export incentives, export barriers, and company-specific factors. Also, the presence of companies in specialized international exhibitions, the existence of research and development, new production technology, and the size of the foreign market were mentioned in Scleukin’s research (2017) as the other factors of the early internationalization of small and medium companies. According to Methiosinite and Scelyokin (2015), the factors of early internationalization alone cannot lead the company to its goals and mission, but all the factors must be considered in a specific framework and specific classification. They also found that SMEs struggled to enter global markets due to a lack of resources and manpower, but early internationalization allowed SME executives to save the scale and gain access to new customers in markets. Foreigners can access new resources and overcome these limitations. The study showed that, accordance with theoretical literature, the framework of factors affecting the early internationalization of small and medium-sized food companies consists of organizational, environmental and individual domains as well as structural, managerial, cultural, competitive, institutional, environmental and psychological characteristics.According to the percentage of the respondents, the component of "competitive product price" from a structural point of view, the component of "competitive product price" from a managerial point of view, the component of "existence of export-oriented organizational culture" from a cultural point of view, the components of “attending international specialized exhibitions”, and the component of  "responding to unexpected orders abroad" in terms of competitive environment, the component of "structure appropriate to insurance, banking, tax, export support and financial system" in terms of the institutional environment of the industry, and the component of "managerial leadership spirit" in terms of psychology gained the highest scores.The point to make about internationalization in Iran is the negligence of many modes of internationalization, especially early internationalization, and the over-focus of policymakers on exports. However, export is just one of the facets of internationalization. Opportunities such as production in the destination country, especially countries that have lower production costs and more manpower than Iran, representation and branching in foreign countries, direct supply of products, coalition strategies with foreign partners, and the transfer of material resources and technology should also be considered. In this regard, it is of significance to pave the way for the government and to support the foreign trade of domestic food companies to enter global markets. Based on the research findings, it is suggested that food industry companies be highly sensitivity in the choice of the destination countries, and give priority to advertising and sales promotion to rapidly and powerfully enter foreign markets, especially the markets of 15 neighboring countries, which include a market of 400 million people. The market research team conducted a comprehensive study on the taste, packaging model, foreign market traction, and halal food supply. The results help company management teams formulate an appropriate and comprehensive strategy for entering foreign markets and achieving a rapid international status.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cultural factors on creating trust in e-commerce in small and medium knowledge-based companies located in Tehran Science and Technology Park. This research is applied in terms of purpose in terms of descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of this study is all managers and employees of knowledge-based companies located in Tehran Science and Technology Park. The statistical population of this study includes about 700 people. In this study, 248 employees and managers participated in this study using non-randomly available methods as a statistical sample. In this study, Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze and test the hypotheses. The results showed that collectivism, avoidance of uncertainty and long-term approach do not have a significant effect on trust in business in small and medium-sized knowledge-based companies. The power gap has a negative effect on e-commerce trust in small and medium-sized knowledge-based companies, and masculinity has a positive effect on e-commerce trust in these companies. It was also found that trust in e-commerce has a positive effect on empowerment, cohesion and benevolence in small and medium-sized knowledge-based companies. Therefore, in order to achieve e-trust, it is recommended that the top level managers of these institutions make decisions in consultation with downstream people and regularly seek the opinion of downstream people in their decisions and have constructive interactions with them.

Today, due to the increase in global competition and environmental uncertainty, the success of companies depends on creating value for stakeholders, especially shareholders, and creating wealth for them, and this issue is only possible in the shadow of the analyzing of strategic factors in the internal and external environment; On the other hand, the importance of value creation for small and medium-sized companies is twofold with regard to their long-term sustainability goals. The present study is applied research in terms of the type of use and descriptive-correlational research based on structural equation modeling in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the research includes experts and managers of small and medium enterprises. Experts' Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to confirm the validity of the questionnaire and to determine its reliability. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software and Smart PLS. The results of data analysis showed that the 5 hypotheses of the present study are confirmed and significant at the 95% level. The highest path coefficient is related to the effect of value creation on the maximum wealth of shareholders with 0.981.

Export is one of the key criteria for the internationalization of companies in various businesses, which plays a very important role in the life of companies. On the other hand, the complexity of conditions and the competitiveness of markets have led companies to take advantage of innovation capabilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of innovation capability on the export performance of small and medium enterprises in East Azerbaijan province with the mediating role of social capital.

This research is an applied and quantitative study. Also, small and medium companies in East Azerbaijan province have been selected as the statistical population of this study. In this study, random sampling was performed. Data collection in this study was done through a questionnaire. To analyze and interpret the hypotheses, structural equation modeling method was used by SPSS23 and Amos23 software.

The results show that the ability to innovate directly affects social capital and export performance. Also, social capital has a positive effect on export performance. Finally, the mediating role of social capital between innovation capability and export performance was confirmed.

Small and medium enterprises can improve their competitiveness through social capital and lead to better competitiveness and increase the development and improvement of export performance.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the analysis of knowledge-based leadership relationship, knowledge management behavior, and innovation performance in small and medium-sized companies in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province by modifying staff orientation. The present study was correlation in terms of correlation and purpose. The research tool is based on Donat and Pablod’s standard Questionnaires (2015), Jang et al. (2017), Shamim et al. (A2017) and Sojan et al. (19940) After measuring validity (Fornel and Lockers’s convergent and divergent) and Reliability (Cronbach's alpha, Combined and Dystra), through the participation of 140 small and medium - The data analysis method was implemented at two descriptive and inferential levels through SPSS25 and Warppls8 software. The results showed that knowledge-based leadership had a significant impact on all aspects of knowledge management behavior (business, transfer, documentation, and application). The findings also showed that knowledge-based leadership has influenced innovation performance through all aspects of knowledge management behavior. Ultimately, the target orientation of employees has been able to adjust the relationship between knowledge-based leadership and knowledge documentation as well as knowledge application.

Referring to the common internationalization models in the world and observing its general process, indicates the main differences in these models and the way forward of companies for this process, so that incremental internationalization and born global companies can be seen in two heads of internationalization spectrum. In this article, while examining the experience of the internationalization process of the three Iranian knowledge-based companies, we are supposed to investigate its similarities and differences in compare to the mentioned models.For the mentioned analysis, after examining the theoretical foundations, the information extracted from the case study of the internationalization process of three knowledge-based companies active in the field of health during ten years was used. Then, the conceptual framework of the research was extracted using the content analysis technique in the form of twenty steps of internationalization of companies in four general categories. After the approval of the framework by the focus group, a questionnaire using the identified steps was designed and provided to 46 experts in the field of internationalization. The output of the factor analysis performed afterwards indicates the confirmation of the dimensions of the proposed framework by the experts.The results show that the process of internationalization in the research are is closer to traditional or incremental models and can be divided into four general stages that can be described in the stages of empowerment, pilot exports, regular and active exports in the international arena.

Despite the considerable number of small and medium size enterprises, their impact on the economic area is not remarkable due to the existing limitations in the area of financial resource, human resource, market accessibility and market information. Since most of the active enterprises in industrial clusters are small and medium enterprises, and considering that the characteristics of the industrial cluster affect the function of active enterprises within the cluster and these features facilitate marketing and export activities, One of the most significant ways to overcome these limitations is to organizing and strengthening of the powers of the small firms through the establishment of network and common collaboration between enterprises in the export area as well as the design of a model for the establishment of export consortia. In this research, the goal is providing a model for the creation of export consortia in the context of industrial clusters, information resources from semi-structured interviews with cluster development agent, managers of industrial units that involved in industrial clusters and the study of institutional documents, were collected. It identifies the dimensions, components and features that influence the establishment of a successful export consortium according to the grounded theory by doing open, axial, and selective coding. In addition, 205 concepts were categorized in the form of a model into 26 sub-categories and 6 main categories including causal conditions, main phenomena, executive strategies, underlying factors, confounding factors and consequences. By receiving expert opinions on industrial clusters and export consortiums with a successful or unsuccessful experience through statistical analysis of the questionnaire and using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and through identifying the weight of each category and concept, their relative importance in the success of export consortia was discussed. The proposed model incorporates all the factors that contribute to the establishment of successful export consortia and can be used as a comprehensive model.

Undoubtedly, organizations in the business environment are facing increasing changes and complexities today. As a result, to ensure the survival of their organization. They need futuristic foresight to deal with problems and uncertainties of the future environment for product development, innovation, and creativity, indeed foresight for the development of corporate entrepreneurship. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual model of foresight for the development of corporate entrepreneurship in small and medium enterprises in Iran. This study, in terms of purpose, is considered an applied research and it is qualitative research in terms of the data collection method. The method of study is Meta-synthesis. To do so, 313 papers published between 1990 and 2020 in the best scientific journals are collected. Then papers were manually screened. 35 articles remained which were used for coding and analysis. Then codes were combined and the concepts obtained. The reliability of the concepts was assessed using Gohan's kappa index. Content analysis was also performed with Shannon entropy and the concepts were ranked. In this research, 26 indices were identified and classified. Based on these factors, a comprehensive model in small and medium enterprises in Iran has been presented and validated. The proposed model can address the challenges of small and medium enterprises and create appropriate contexts for the development of entrepreneurial programs and policies by managers, increasing the awareness of relevant industries.