جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Preference » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

 Undoubtedly, from long ago, one of the most important questions that have occupied the minds of thinkers is what is the standard for measuring and verifying human consciousness? Or in other words, how to prove the ideas in the mind with reality in the outside world. In other words, if there is a reality in the outside world, what is the guarantor of the identity of these ideas and that reality? The following article has analyzed the possibility of "mathematical doubt" in the human mind and compared the relationship between this type of doubt and "mathematical certainty". The results indicate that there is a connection between "mathematical doubt" and "mathematical certainty" in terms of possibility, in such a way that if one is possible, the other will necessarily be possible, and if the realization of one is prevented, the other will also be so.By proving this combination, it can be concluded that the case of doubting human evidences and imaginations such as; Creation of "argumentative and temperamental doubt" is in the human mind, and basically such doubt cannot be countered with arguments because the foot of any argument will practically weaken in front of such skepticism, what is confirmed is that the only way to counter the aforementioned skepticism is to create some kind of "psychological certainty" » Using the problem of preference in avoiding possible losses

One of the controversial issues in the principles of jurisprudence under the topic of balance and preference is the possibility of using or non- using of unwritten preferences, which will have a significant effect on Ijtihad. The famous saying of fundamental scholars in jurisprudence (named Osulion) is based on using unwritten preferences. Regarding the dependence of jurisprudence and the principles of jurisprudence (Osul Fiqh), as well as the interaction and correlation of Imami Fiqh with the legal system of Iran and considering the fundamental importance of the family in terms of individual and social, and the problems and legal gaps in this field, this article has an attempt to provide a practical explanation in this context. In this research, firstly, the use of unwritten preferences in the principles of jurisprudence has been investigated, then the applications that may exist in family law have been discussed. Finally, in order to fill the existing gaps, in Article 167 of the Constitution Law, jurisprudence sources have been referred to. It is necessary to mention that unwritten preferences are used in the principles (Osul) to prefer between two narrations, but in jurisprudence and law, especially family law, it is considered to distinguish the issue.

Due to the importance of marketing and the rapid increase in the use of marketing incentives in recent years, the study examined the effectiveness of watching the sports brand advertising teaser on the index of preference to buy sports products. A total of 39 male and female students and professional athletes of the University of Tehran, all of whom were upright and had no history of head or neck disease, were selected for the experiments. Data collection tools were an electroencephalography device and questionnaire. The research included six main stages of sample selection, an examination by a physician, filling in the written consent of the subject, answering the pre-test questionnaire, examining the brain frequency bands while watching sports brands promotional videos, and finally filling out the post-test questionnaire. The results of this study were collected, analyzed, and evaluated using SPSS 25 software and descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results of this study also show that the preference index, when watching a sports brand promotional video, had a significant effect on the desire to buy sports products. Also, brain waves (alpha, beta, theta, and delta) had a significant effect on the desire to buy sports products while watching the sports brand promotional video.

The semantic range of fazl and its derivatives, as one of the most used words in the Holy Quran - which is used more than 90 times in different verses - is very wide. Among them, the meanings presented in the interpretations in verse 34 of Surah Nisaa have been the origin of raising serious questions in this field. In this article, by using the model of historical semantics, while examining the process of changes in the semantic field of this word through 40 interpretations from the first interpretive works to the contemporary era, the author has tried to compare and analyze this information and data and determine the degree of their convergence and divergence. To provide the context of a critical typology and by relying on in-textual clues, such as: literal meaning, context and other verses, to provide the context to achieve the correct meaning of this word. The results of the investigations show that the use of fazl in this verse is mostly related to material affairs and dependent on human efforts and is not an inherent privilege for men.

There are few chapters in narrative sources that do not have at least one case of conflicting hadiths. Therefore, solving the conflict of hadiths has always been the concern of jurists, and efforts have been made for the purpose of conventional combination and preference among hadiths. In the meantime, the role of the narrator’s question in the collection of hadiths and implementation of preferences has been neglected.This article tries to address the narrator’s question in the context of solving the conflict of hadiths by using the descriptive-analytical method. Narrator’s question is a sign of the narrator’s diligence in narrating the hadith and the evidences related to it, and it has the authority to resolve the conflicts caused by the illusion of unity of the subject. The narrator’s question is an uninterrupted indication to the specificity of one hadith over another and the closeness of the content of one hadith to another, and is among the important sources of extracting the narrator’s understanding, the narrator’s conjectures, thoughts and illusions and the sīras existing in the era of the Infallibles and other effective evidences in drawing inferences of the legal injunction.

The Quranic concept of self-sacrifice has different functions in the comparison between the two traditional and modern social orders expressed by Chalabi. In traditional society, self-sacrifice is placed in the section of warm asymmetric exchange relations and in the dimension of interactive set, and its function is the same as the Qur'anic concept that revolves around the meaning of "preference". But in the coordinate system of modern social order, it has a function at the level of moral norm and responsibility towards society and individuals in its normative dimension.

The purpose of the present study was to design the model of perceiving the desirability of park sports space on Tehran city.

The research method was qualitative-quantitative mixed with exploratory approach. The statistical population included in the qualitative part the faculty members of universities and individuals with managerial experience in sports organizations and in the quantitative part included all persons over 18 years of age who used sports spaces at least twice a week in Tehran. Twelve were in the qualitative section and 384 in the quantitative section. The data collection tool was semi-structured interview in qualitative part.

The results of this interview were used in a questionnaire with 5 main factors in quantitative part. In this study for expert content validity and construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), to determine the model reliability from two composite reliability indices and Cronbach's alpha, and from divergent and convergent validity indices (Ave) and structural equation modeling SPSS version 23 and PLS version 2 were used. The fit of the model was reported as GOF=0.68 and the results confirmed the final model in 5 factors including amenities, preference, accessibility, equipment and design.

Therefore, if we create a safe and desirable park space and healthy activities and recreation are organized in accordance with the values of community, the active presence of the people and consequently the vitality and livelihood of community will increase.

The map of custom in deriving rulings is very serious, so that we can claim that many of the differences in jurisprudence are the result of customary statements. Therefore, the understanding of the Shari'ah evidences for the next generations depends on their understanding of the custom of the time of issuance, and according to this understanding of this issue, they analyze the Shari'a evidences and attack it at the same time.Regarding custom, it has been discussed in the past among the books of jurisprudence and principles such as Sharia al-Islam, Jawahar al-Kalam, Arwa al-Wathqa, Kifayeh al-Osul, Fawaid al-Asul, etc. In the present era, books have been written separately in this field. And has been examined. But what is different in this research is the conflict between custom and custom, which is not addressed in books and articles. In this research, first the meaning of custom and its types are briefly discussed, then we dealt with the main issue of the conflict between custom and custom and the preference of each of them. That is, when and where general custom takes precedence over specific custom. Or when practical custom is preferred to word, we have brought the criterion of preference here.Keywords: conflict, custom, preference, preference

In recent years, the emergence of social networks has led to an increasing attention to recommender systems based on user reviews. The purpose of developing such systems is to use valuable information from users' textual comments in the process of modeling and recommending. User comments reflect the actual opinions on the products and services, so they are a valuable resource for recommending. In social networking environments, collaborative filtering systems are used to provide advice to users. The basis of this approach is the experience and opinion of the other people to buy items and products. This approach is based on the assumption that users who have the same interest have a similar rank. In this research, a system is proposed to provide recommend for users to buy books by combining the collaborative filtering and sentiment analysis. For sentiment analysis, ensemble methods based on weighted voting have been used to extract user’s opinions. In the weighting method, a greater weight is assigned to a classifier which has higher accuracy. The selected model has been evaluated on the 7210 user’s comment which extracted from the Amazon website by the web crawler. The results show that the sentiment analysis of the feeling of the users' comments systems has a positive effect on the performance of recommender systems.

Conflict and difference of hadiths means inconsistency in content and reasoning of two or more hadiths. The issue of resolving the conflict and difference of hadiths, except in a few cases, is related to the understanding and knowing the purpose of the hadith, not to the critique, purification, and distinction of the valid hadith from the invalid one. The present research has investigated the methods of resolving the news conflict in viewpoint of Sheikh Ansari in a descriptive-analytical method and has concluded that: The Grand Sheikh uses the three methods of addition, preference, and selection - maintaining the mentioned order - in order to resolve the news conflict - in such a way that the customary addition takes precedence over implementation of preference rules, and if customary adaptation and addition is not possible, he refers to the preferences in order to prefer one of the two conflicting news over another and if there is no preference, it is time to select and he selects one of the two conflicting news. Accepting the generality over specific, absolute over constrained, government and entry, accepting the command over recommended one, prohibition to forbid, specific time and taqiyyah (hide and on-time action) are the most common methods of addition between conflicting narrations in the viewpoing of Sheikh Ansari.

Advertising can only grow as the main way to communicate with the audience and the most popular form of marketing if it focuses on effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of bank advertising, determine the factors affecting the effectiveness of advertising, and identify the factors affecting the attraction and preference of Day Bank clients. In this regard, the Aida model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of advertising. The statistical population of this research is the clients of Day Bank in Tehran who have seen the bank's advertisements. Due to the infinity of the statistical population and using Cochran's formula, 402 of them were selected using stratified random sampling and a questionnaire was distributed among them. The research questionnaire has face validity with the approval of experts and university professors and structural validity through confirmatory factor analysis. To calculate the reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used and all values were higher than 0.7, which indicates the high reliability of the questionnaire. Structural equation method and SmartPLS software were used to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses. The results show that Day Bank 's advertisements show sufficient effectiveness in the components of attracting attention, creating interest, creating desire, and choosing a bank. From the clients' point of view, the honesty of the messages and their authenticity, and after that, the creativity in the advertisements and the use of appropriate images are very important in increasing the effectiveness of Day Bank's advertisements. Clients consider the good attitude of employees and respect for the customer, the speed of banking services, matching services received with advertising messages, variety of services received, and providing better electronic banking services were more effective in preference and choosing Day Bank.

Creating a suitable environment for the growth and prosperity of students has always been one of the most important concerns of educational administrators. The aim of this study was to investigate the age differences with the color preference approach in primary school students in Tehran and Khorasan Razavi provinces by gender. The research design of the present study is descriptive and the type of research was survey. For this purpose, 607 children participated in the present study. The data were collected using colored cards. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of variance and showed that the effect of gender and grade on all colors is significant in Tehran province but in Khorasan Razavi province these differences were observed only at the level of gender (p < 0/05). In both provinces, boys chose blue and girls yellow as the main color, and boys chose green and girls pink as the sub-colors. One of the limitations of the present study is the inability to study the color living environment of children as well as everyday issues that can play an important role in color preference. It is suggested that future research pay attention to these variables.

The rule of distress and constriction negation is among the oft-used rules that is manifested in different areas of jurisprudence and law. One of the uses of this rule is in family jurisprudence, specifically in restricting the wardenship and preference of the husband over the family. According to the findings of the present study, that is obtained through analysis and description of the jurisprudents’ terms and the laws of Islamic Republic of Iran, preference means managing the husband’s rights, and in return, duties and responsibilities are specified for wife which are considered as the symbols of the man’s preference. The most important ones are as follow: the necessity of husband’s permission in woman’s going out in cases that is against the husband’s taking advantage of her; the necessity of obeying and submitting to the husband based on common law, and the need of complying women with her husband’s decision in determining the place of residence. On the other hand, the rule of distress negation, through presuppositions such as being personal and actual distress, restricts the superiority and preference of men in some cases. The present study, after considering some topics in the rule of distress and constriction negation, whether it be a typical or personal as well as situational or actual, explains how this rule constricts the preference of the man in the above-mentioned cases based on Shi’ite Jurisprudence and laws of Islamic Republic of Iran.

Shaykh Tabarsi believes that firstly the sending down and proclamation of the Qur'an is just based on one reading; secondly he does not consider even one letter of the Qur'an as futile, thirdly, he accounts the reading diversity to appear after the proclamation of the Qur'an, and fourthly, does not regard the Qur'an and the readings as two distinct realities but believes in the synoptic knowledge of the divine reading and tries to definitely determine the divine reading or prefer it via conjecture and through adopting a number of principles including some linguistic-literary ones. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the present research analyzed the characteristics of the aforementioned principles and besides explaining their conceptual elements, states the position of their usage from Shaykh Tabarsi's view and eventually scrutinizes these principles.

Among the preferences brought up on tazāḥum (disturbance, conflict) is that the obligation that does not have a substitute becomes precedent over the obligation possessing substitute. Concerning the proof of this universal major, there are evidences and aspects brought up in methodology of Islamic jurisprudence and two referents have been brought up for this universal major and rule as verification to this principle. In this research, by exploring into four reasons for the aspects stated for proving the major and then study of the two referents that are brought up, it is concluded that if the obligation possesses latitudinal substitute, there would occur no tazāḥum and it stands out of question; and if the obligation possesses a longitudinal substitute, two positions are to be discussed:A. It should be said concerning the proof of major on preferences in the section of disturbance: this case is not acceptable as an independent criterion in preferences with disturbance; rather, the issue should be studied independently in every case and all the evidences and aspects that are stated for approximation of this universal criterion are discredited.
B. Concerning the vacillation between impure (khubthiya) purification and ritual impurity (ḥadathiya) purification, it should be stated that: one cannot clearly use evidences that legal authority is acquired in water purification and thus one cannot make a judgment concerning this criterion for the precedence of khubthiya purification over ḥadathiya purification; rather, one should appeal to another evidence: concerning the vacillation between full performance of on-time prayer with tayammum (ablution with earth or sands) and performance of one rak‘a of on-time prayer with wuḍū (ablution with water), performing tayammum would be precedent to wuḍū only because full performance of on-time prayer is more important

According to the ‘Social Technology’ approach, in the current circumstances, ICTS have been integrated with the leisure activities. These activities have been embedded in the broader frame of external action requirements and conditions in which the actor’s choice is determined. In terms of gender differences, this article seeks to typify the sorts of leisure activities, namely outdoor-oriented and technology-oriented, and to discover teens’ real preference about choosing those activities. Accordingly, in the school year 2016-17, 120 teenage girls and boys were interviewed (via the semi-structured interview technique) in Tehran city according to the typical and purposive samplings. The results show that teens’ primary preference is the outdoor-oriented leisure activities; but actually the social circumstances, the frame of pressures, and socio-cultural necessities bring them the technology-oriented leisure activities, in as much as the new technologies are partly manifested in a figure of a friend. Boys choose the PC/Console games as a leisure activity more than girls, and they are affected further under the excitements of them while girls encounter with more restrictions for the outdoor-oriented leisure activities. Anyhow, the technology-oriented leisure activities have become as an identity and consumption source for most teens

The relationship between free choice and the philosophical principle of "causal" predestination is an issue that has long been the subject of controversy among Islamic scholars including philosophers, theologians and fundamentalists. The renowned Islamic scholars do not consider free choice inconsistent with this rational and necessary law, but most theologians argue that it is against free choice. Therefore, they regard the law of "causal predestination" as invalid. Some of fundamentalists believe in the differentiation of this law, and hold that this law applies only to natural and material causes, not to free-willed actions. Considering the fact that the subject of this paper is an issue that must be studied in the works of philosophers, thinkers and experts in this field, the paper uses library sources for data collection; it has a descriptive –analytical research method and is fundamental in terms of purpose. While explaining and proving the philosophical law of "causal predestination”, this paper analyzes the opponents’ views and their arguments, and tries to resolve the apparent incompatibility between free choice and the rational law of "causal concomitance" or "causal predestination". Reflecting on this rational principle and law and its analysis, it becomes clear that famous scholars are right about the point that no effect has the possibility of violating its complete cause and, with the existence of complete cause, the realization of the effect is definite and certain. There are no exceptions to this rational law, even in the case of free-willed actions. Moreover, its acceptance never requires predestination; conversely, if we do not accept this law in the case of free-willed actions, the agent’s free choice will be under question, because violation from free choice will be necessary, and this is inconsistent with the causality of the free agent’s will in the occurrence of the action.