جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "برنامه ریزی شهری" در نشریات گروه "علوم پایه"

The purpose of this study is to investigate the physical growth characteristics of Nazarabad city in the past and predict its future changes until 2050 using the SLEUTH model. In this study, the urban map was extracted from the Landsat satellite images of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020, and using the layers of slope, land use, excluded layer, urban extent, transportation network, and hill shade, it was entered into the SLEUTH model and urban growth was simulated in two historical and environmental scenarios. To provide a more favorable prediction of future land use changes in the SLEUTH model in the environmental scenario, the multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) method was used using twenty layers that have the greatest impact on land suitability for urban development. The layers used in the MCE process were related to topography, geology, weather and climate, water resources, biological, urban distances and land use. The results of the first scenario showed that from 2020 to 2050, 390 hectares will be added to the urban land and part of the gardens and agricultural land will be lost. The results of the second scenario showed that 205 hectares of valuable land could remain intact, thus preventing further fragmentation of the land use pattern in the future. The simulation results of the physical development of Nazarabad city showed that the combination of SLEUTH model with MCE can be a very useful tool for city managers to facilitate the evaluation of urban development patterns.

Since the 70s and especially the 90s, social and communicative dimensions have been emphasized in both procedural planning approaches and sustainable development studies. Despite the emphasis on the importance of linking the social-communicative dimensions of planning and the components of sustainable development, there is no attention to the way of linking these issues in the planning literature. As a result, it seems, the gap between the substantive and procedural aspects of planning can be resolved by the interaction between the procedural aspects of new planning approaches on the one hand and the substantive goals of sustainable development on the other hand.The main question in this study is: what relationship can be established between the social-communicative dimensions in the new planning approaches and sustainable development criteria? In order to answer this question, first, the basics of new planning approaches have been collected, and then, using the qualitative content analysis method, the social and communicative dimensions of these approaches have been understood. In the next step, the content analysis of the key components of sustainable development theories and guidelines was done, and finally, the explanation of the conceptual relationship and interaction of the results of the first and second steps was deduced using the qualitative meta-synthesis method. The findings show that the new planning approaches, with the essence of communication, participation, and Pragmatism as a procedure, have a good capacity to implement the criteria of sustainable development as the substantive goal of urban planning.

Cities need special attention from the aspect of reviving urban nature, because the presence of nature in the city is one of the requirements of sustainable development and a healthy city, and it is very important to promote the quality of life in urban areas. Urban open and green spaces are not only important because of their recreational importance, but also because of the role they play in maintaining and balancing the urban environment, moderating air pollution, and nurturing the residents mentally and physically. Currently, due to sustainable urban development, it is important to examine green space indicators in the spatial planning of cities and population centers. Since the detailed plans are prepared based on the criteria and regulations of comprehensive plans, the importance of green space in these plans is undeniable. This research, which has an applied purpose and is based on the descriptive-analytical method, and its required information has been collected from the library method and field studies of the 22nd district of Tehran, which has been introduced as a sustainable urban area, based on the fact that while identifying and examining the indicators in Consideration of green spaces in urban planning and urban development plans (detailed plan), to check their compatibility (green spaces) with executive plans in the current situation. Using Hierarchical Analysis, this research seeks to determine the priority of the implementation of areas with the use of green space in detailed plans, in order to determine the extent of the deficit of these spaces in the implementation plans by determining the priorities. The results of the research indicate that the green spaces with higher priorities and final weight in the above method in the detailed plans of District 22 of Tehran, District 2 in the implementation stage due to the obstacles, their implementation has not been completed and causes inconsistency in the amount of space Green has been implemented in the current and proposed state of the detailed plan, and on the contrary, areas with a lower final weight have been implemented, which shows that the priorities have not been studied.

Introducción:

Currently, most of the produced waste such as; Household, institutional, urban and street wastes, industrial and commercial areas, as well as construction and demolition wastes (Birhanu & Berisa, 2015), agricultural wastes, chemical and non-biodegradable, organic, biomedical materials in most In countries, in general, after collecting the municipal waste at the source, the disposal process is carried out as a mixture in landfills (Banerjee & Sarkhel, 2019). The amount and composition of the produced waste is different due to the consumption pattern in different countries and changes significantly with the passage of time. The existing waste sites are filling up at a very fast rate, and it is more difficult to build new landfill sites due to the lack of land, the increase in land prices, and high demand. Lack of urban waste management in developing countries due to the lack of necessary technologies, insufficient and limited financial resources, low and insufficient skills in the collection and storage of waste in urban open spaces, undesirable disposal measures. Widespread garbage in landfills, as well as one-third of garbage being left indiscriminately on the streets or in drains, lead to serious problems on the personal and social health of humans and the environment. Animals, the aesthetic landscape of urban nature and the reduction of tourism and economic value caused by the changes in the ecosystem of the region due to the pollution and reduction in the quality of soil and surface and subsurface water in the areas adjacent to the landfill sites as a result of the leachate flowing in The environment and rivers, especially in the rainy season, the increase of greenhouse gases and the emergence and intensification of all kinds of rodents, insects, urban and domestic flies, and its unfortunate consequences in the form of the production and spread of various cancerous and contagious diseases and injuries. and deaths caused by it (Abdel-Shafy, Hussein I; Mansour, Mona S.M, 2018; Sinthumule & Mkumbuzi, 2019; Zambezi, F. M, et al. 2020) in the long term, imposing various types of exorbitant costs Attacks on communities, and individual/social concerns on the population living in its vicinity Makwara & Magudu 2013; Tanyanyiwa, 2015; Das, et al. 2016; Serge Kubanza, Nzalalemba, Kalra, N, 2020). Ardabil city municipality was established in 1303, today with a population equal to 560,000 people according to the census of 2016, with a daily production of 370 tons and an annual production of 11,100 tons of wet and dry garbage and collecting and burying them without any separation process and operation, in two places Gurjan and Taleb Qashlaghi intersections are carried out by contractors with high costs. One of the basic new approaches in the field of urban waste management is the approach of public participation. Therefore, this research seeks to provide models of the public participation approach in urban waste management from the perspective of urban planning.

This research aims to investigate and evaluate the patterns of public participation in urban waste management from the point of view of urban planning, in order to achieve the goals of identifying practical suggestions and implementing legal/civil, specialized, supportive, and interactive solutions with the approach of changing the cultural/social pattern. Waste production has a strategic contribution to helping sustainable urban livability by facilitating the process of people's participation in the planning and optimal management of all types of urban waste in Ardabil city. According to the objectives of the research, the researcher designed a questionnaire with 35 questions with a statistical population of 450 people, using a quantitative survey/applied method with a five-point Likert scale with 4 components and 13 subscales, in an effort to answer the research questions such as; In general, is there a significant relationship between public participation and optimal urban waste management in Ardabil city? Is there a difference between the support approach (types of motivational, structural, and facilitating mechanisms) of people's participation in urban waste management and reduction of urban costs, between the approach of legal/civil structures (factors of people's participation resulting in the amendment and improvement of administrative rules and regulations in providing services) In urban waste management and culture building, between educational/specialist approaches (media, education, and health), people's participation in urban waste management and information, awareness, and knowledge in mass and social media and finally between interactive participation approach Is there a significant relationship between public participation and the optimal management of urban waste?, so that the reasons for the lack of attention of the citizens of Ardabil in the management of urban waste (garbage) are determined in the hypotheses based on the questions.

The standard coefficient of the structural equation between the support approaches of public participation in urban waste management and reduction of urban costs is equal to 0.96 and its t-statistic is also equal to 12.32. Because the t-statistic in the resulting structural equation (12.32) is greater than the t-statistic with %95 confidence (1.96). Therefore, the assumption of a significant relationship in the hypothesis is confirmed with %95 confidence. The standard coefficient of the structural equation between civic approaches of public participation in urban waste management and cultural development is equal to 0.8 and because the t-statistic (20.12) is greater than the t-statistic with %95 confidence (1.96). Therefore, the assumption of a significant relationship in the hypothesis is confirmed with %95 confidence. The standard coefficient of the structural equation between the specialized approaches of public participation in urban waste management and information and awareness in mass and social media is equal to 0.59 and the resulting t-statistic (16.93) is greater than the t-statistic with %95 confidence (1.96). Therefore, the assumption of a significant relationship in the hypothesis is confirmed with 95% confidence. The standard coefficient of the structural equation between the interactive participation approach of public participation and the optimal management of urban waste is equal to 0.8 and its t-statistic is also 12.65 greater than the value of the t-statistic with %95 confidence (1.96), so the assumption of a significant relationship in the hypothesis with %95 assurance is confirmed.

Considering the assumptions in the research results and based on interviews with experts and the results of the questionnaire, the current state of the waste management process in Ardabil city has been investigated; Due to the lack of skills and insufficient expertise, budget and facilities, the issue of laws and regulations, lack of serious will and lack of knowledge and desire among managers and city officials and councilors and the city council, lack of appropriate legal mechanisms. , the facilities and facilities regarding waste separation at the source in residential and industrial towns, houses, and stores are very few and insufficient. In the waste collection sector, the number of waste bins in urban areas is low, and on the other hand, the collection method and schedule are not set properly. Therefore, the participation of citizens is very weak. Therefore, it is suggested to amend the laws and create a platform for executive, supervisory and motivational mechanisms and the positive approach of urban planners with the cooperation of formal and informal centers and organizations, academic, religious, and urban trustees, and with cooperation and accompaniment. Mass and social media in the direction of education, awareness, and information in creating a desire for the participation of the general public in the systematic management of sustainable management of urban waste in organizing the production, reduction, separation, recycling, and recovery of all types of urban waste, an expensive and costly burden. The municipal administrative shower will be removed.

The quality of natural resources has been significantly degraded due to the increase of urban population along with the expansion of cities, development of transportation networks and industrial activities. In this regard, sustainable urban development was proposed as a model to address these challenges and an opportunity to establish a new mechanism to build a desired urban future with the precondition of coordination with natural ecosystems. Land use change due to rapid urbanization has led to environmental changes affecting ecosystem services. The impact of land use change on the ecological environment has become one of the important research areas to the extent that the integration of ecosystem services in urban planning is now highly welcomed. A review of studies shows that the integration of ecosystem services in development planning is still in its infancy. Common approaches have focused more on understanding the concept of ecosystem services (understanding by experts, policymakers, and stakeholders, and content analysis of documents) and have not definitively integrated ecosystem services into urban plans. The integration of ecosystem services into planning has been discussed mainly at the theoretical level and there is less evidence of practical efforts. Although the mapping, assessment, and evaluation of ecosystem services have developed significantly over the past decade, there are still problems in defining and operating ecosystem services in planning due to static monitoring frameworks and inadequate tools. Lack of standards in evaluation and targeting protocols, lack of expertise, lack of data are other barriers to operationalization of this process.

Human population continues to aggregate in urban centers, who inevitably increases the urban footprint with significant consequences for biodiversity, climate, and environmental resources. Urban growth prediction models have been extensively studied with the overarching goal to assist in sustainable management of urban centers. Despite the extensive research, these models are not frequently included in the decision making process. The survey found a strong recognition of the models’ potential in decision making, but limited agreement which these models actually reach enough potential in practice. This review aims are an overview of existing models, including advantages and limitations. Also, in general, it will be discussed to main reason for not applying these models in the decision making. Analysis of aggregated statistics indicates that cellular automata are the prevailing modeling technique, present in the majority of published works. Also, being unfamiliar decision-makers with models and thelack of popularity models to research are significant reasons for not using these models in the decision making.

Looking at the long history (at least ten thousand years) of human settlement, we can realize that urban environments in their current shape and form can be considered a relatively new phenomenon. Despite covering a small area of the earth’s surface, urban environments house the majority of human population. The man is always faced with natural and man-made disasters and crises. Although it is not possible to avoid crisis, but its damage can be reduced by proper design. Thus, evaluation of urban resilience is one of the crucial factors to gurd the city against the natural and man-made disasters. Increase of the resilience of cities can minimize the damage caused by natural disaster. The importance of this issue is as high as some have referred to it as a new paradigm in urban evolution. In this study, it has been attempted to use a deductive approach with a systematic approach. Numerous studies have been carried out to determine the relation of resilience dimensions and components with the urban land use. In the end, several dimensions and criteria considered more prominent by the experts (specialized in the field of environmental planning, urban planning, and geography) have been proposed for the concept of land use resilience It has been attempted to determine both diminition and resiliency of urban lands criteria and also sustainable development approach though applying inductive approaches with system concept. Finally, by drawing the related conceptual model, effective steps will be made for reduction of vulnerabilties and improving cities and their systems.

Backgroundand Objective: Industrial activities have positive and negative impacts on urban system. This has led urban planning system in different countries, consider different policies to deal with these activities in urban scale. The purpose of this paper is to identify the approaches in urban planning system, dealing with urban industrial activities and also understanding the relationship between the two vast domains of "urban planning" and "industrial activities planning" in achieving sustainable development. The research method used in this paper is descriptive - analytic method based on the study of the documents of urban industrial planning experiences in different countries. Findings: The experiences of different countries in the field of urban industrial planning, represents the implementation of different policies in this field. The most common policies include pollution prevention, cleaner production, industrial zoning, revitalization of abandoned(inactive) industrial buildings through functional conversion, and finally revitalization of abandoned industrial sites, by using three policies: Special zoning and using incentives to keep and attract industrial activities in the city, Creation of mixed use for diversity and attractiveness of the site, and Clustering the industrial activities and emphasizing on integrated planning. In this paper, three main approaches are identified as the basis of policy making in urban industrial planning:(1) Stabilization of industrial activities in a location, (2) Relocating industrial activities, and (3) attracting the industrial activities to a location.

Citizens activities affects the environment and cities. Hence, to have a good city development planning for the current and future generations, people should consciously participate in the process. Involving people is necessary to achieve the general consensus. In other words, planners should help all interested parties to agree on the nature of the problem and an affordable plan. The presence of citizens in the different stages of urban development, increases public confidence in decision-makers, provides transparency and better accountability in decision-making, reduces conflict through the early identification of issues, obtains local and traditional knowledge before decision-making and ultimately advances the aims faster. This paper which was prepared through library research and analytical methods, aimed to investigate the concept and theory of participatory planning and its role in urban development. In addition, experiences of different countries in this field have also been discussed. The results of these studies indicates the effective role of participatory planning at different levels of planning and urban development.

Urban planning for women can be seen as a kind of advocacy-based planning that recalls forgotten rights and the silence of women in the city. Urban space planning for women draws its original idea from feminist ideas. The theory of sustainable urban development focuses on the prevention of urban and regional environmental pollution, reducing local, regional and national production capacity, supporting recycling, failing to support harmful development, and bridging the gap between rich and poor. Sustainable urban development is a multifaceted phenomenon that considers environmental conservation, social justice and economic dynamism with optimal resource utilization. Urban and regional planning with a special futuristic perspective needs to be developed for the future of the city and analyzed using statistics and information. By using the facilities and reducing limitations through presenting a precise and comprehensive plan, that takes account of environmental considerations, can provide for sustainable urban development. Considering the importance of women's well-being and women's vulnerability, the issue of urban security with a gender approach has been investigated in this research. In this regard, the present study aims to evaluate urban planning with the approach of women to formulate a sustainable development pattern in Tehran. The method of this research is descriptive-survey and, according to the research method, all women in Tehran have been considered in this study. The estimated size of the community is about one hundred thousand people. Using randomized systematic cluster sampling, 384 women in Tehran were selected as a statistical sample. After collecting data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to analyze the statistical data using SPSS software. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the normal distribution of the main variables. The results indicate that, women do not have much to gain in planning for sustainable development and they are not included in the socio-economic approach, planning approach, or participation planning and security approach to sustainable development in Tehran. Also, the results of the research showed that urban security is important for sustainable development, but women have a minimal role in this regard. Today, the world faces the fact that women can no longer be considered as hidden in the development process. The role and capacities of women in the success of developing countries will lead to state-level policymakers to make women inferior to the fence. It is also one of the most effective areas for promoting gender equality empowering women by educating them about imbalance and equality in power, and empowering women to manage their lives.

Climate change is turning to the most significant challenge of 21st Century, emanated from the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). Citiesconsume most of the global energy supply and subsequently are responsible for asignificant proportion of GHG emissions; however, due to the innovative milieu and the role of local management in mobilizing the private sector and civil society resources, cities can lead the mitigation approach towards climate change. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic in which four dimensions of urban planning including urban development, built environment, infrastructures, and transportation along with the comparative study of cities in the world, have been used for analyzing results and recommendations. The most amount of fossil fuel which produced in Iran are consumed in Tehran. Hence, the GHG emission per capita in Tehran is very high and makes it the largest source of this kind of emissions in Iran. In despite of considerable efforts have been done by the urban management (e.g. the expansion of public transportation), but other extensive labors should be taken which along with the life style changes; the prioritized actions have been recommended in this article.

Urban facilities are necessary components of cities. In all grown and developed cities of the world there are tremendous network of facilities such as water and electric ties, water sewage drainage, water piping and gas piping. That has not been installed in proper depth underground and locations and with growing of the cities and consumption of population. They need to be replaced by excavating the pavement on the streets which creates practically traffic difficulties and some environmental problems. Current system of urban facilities distribution in Tehran have a lot of loses, the main cause of this, is creating branch without the necessary calculations and obsolescence of networks. Use of utility tunnels started from few decades ago in most European (France, UK, and Switzerland) and American countries. Inside the country accomplished some works about utility tunnels construction from few years ago for example urban utility tunnel construction in district 22 of Tehran. In this research the environmental conditions of investigated area (physicochemical, biological, social- economic) and field studies related to the tunnel constructions, measurement of sound and air pollutants in 6 monitoring station in construction and operation phase have been done. Then by using integrated matrix (Leopold - Saratoga) impacts of the utility tunnel constructions on the environmental parameters were studied. The findings indicated that utility tunnel construction have positive effects on social and economic environment such as job creation and improved(welfare facilities, urban transportation systems, quality of life and landscape), but also have some negative effects on physicochemical environment such as noise, and air pollutions. That negative effects can be decrease by applying proper management.

The “environment” is a universal concept. While urban aspects and urban planning often reveal a limited and fixed idea of the concept of the “environment” in our minds, the “environment”, is in fact a much wider concept than that (Shumacher,1967). This article is to emphasize the complexity of the environment and to show how an urban development model for identification, analysis, assessment and planning can be created by applying environmental models in this wider “environmental” context, with the help of GIS and remote sensing for a part of Tehran, the Iranian capital city. The area observed is district 22 in north-western Tehran, an a region of about 10 000 hectares which is restricted by the Alborz mountain chain in the north, the Kan River in the east, the Tehran-Karaj freeway in the south and the short mountains of Karevansarasangi in the west. Like many cities in other countries, the city of Tehran is experiencing the increasing pressure of improper land use and incorrect land management policies that have exacerbated the problems by disregarding the limitations and potential of land, and its vulnerability and fragility against possible changes. During the last decade the use of GIS and Remote Sensing techniques are increasing (Benaman, 1998) being applied now for identification of natural resources and for the management of urban and environmental projects in major cities of Iran, But the practice of analyzing the development models with the use of GIS in urban development planning is a new experience.