جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « sucrose » در نشریات گروه « علوم پایه »

The current research is conducted to investigate the effect of application of mycorrhiza treated soil under water deficit stress on some morphophysiological and biochemical traits of stevia plants obtained from tissue culture. The experiment was done in a greenhouse condition with treatments of two mycorrhiza species at four levels (M1: without mycorrhiza, M2: Glomus mosseae, M3: Glomus intraradices, M4: mixed of both species) and application of water deficit. The irrigation was applied at four levels as follows: I1: maintaining soil moisture at 100% of field capacity, I2: irrigation after reaching 75% of field capacity, I3: irrigation after reaching 50% of field capacity, I4: irrigation after reaching 25% of field capacity. The statistical model was factorial experiment using completely randomized design with 6 replications. Application of mycorrhiza species in water deficit stress conditions dued to 1.70, 4.11, 1.73 and 4.32 fold increase in leaf greenness index, total plant dry weight, main stem height and leaf area parameters, respectively. In addition, these treatments caused to 1.66, 6.13, 29.6 and 1.30 fold increase of potassium, glucose, fructose and total soluble sugars in stevia plants. Under moderate and severe water deficit stress, the use of a mixture of mycorrhiza species in treatments M4I4 and M4I3 compared to treatments M1I4 and M1I3 (without mycorrhiza fungus) increased more than threefold the leaf area of stevia tissue culture plants that positive root symbiosis stevia plants were well clarified by mixing two species of mycorrhizal fungi under water deficit stress and irrigation restrictions.

Plant breeding to created ploidy level is one of the most important parts of plant research in every country, where the breeding of native plants is a priority in every country. Spending a long time on breeding plants with traditional methods has made plant breeding research using in vitro techniques to become more important. In this study, to investigate the callus formation from the endosperm tissue of mature shallot seeds in MS culture medium containing growth regulators with the combination of different concentrations of 2-4, D (1.5 and 2 mg/L) and NAA (0.5 and 1 mg/L) L) of auxins and BAP (0.5 and 1 mg/L) and Kin (0.5 and 1 mg/L) of cytokinins were used. The results showed that using the treatment of 1 mg/liter of NAA and 1 mg/liter of BAP was the best treatment for callus formation. In this research, the concentration of sucrose and different concentrations of BAP hormone were effective for onion production. The results of onion diameter showed that the high concentration of sucrose (50 g/L) and the concentration of 3 mg/L of BAP hormone were suitable for the production of larger onions. By chromosomal analysis of the rooted chives, triploid plantlets were obtained at the end of the experiment. Due to the shortness of triploid plant breeding in this method compared to traditional crossing methods, therefore, this method and the best hormonal compounds are recommended for the production of chives in shallots.

Because of the high amount of waste produced by the food industry, this waste management has been considered by researchers. Molasses is a by-product of the production of crystal sugar, despite its functional and nutrient compounds, it is mostly used for livestock consumption. This study aimed to use molasses in hot chili sauce formulation as a substitute for sucrose. The sugar beet molasses replaced sucrose in hot red pepper sauce formulation after heating as zero to 3%. pH, viscosity, moisture, calories value, Microbial (Mold and yeast), were studied, and sensory evaluation was measured by the five-point hedonic method. The results showed that an increase of sucrose in formulation, pH value, calories, microbial growth population decreased (p<0.05). Increased moisture content, and a* index observed in the treatments (P<0.05), The use of molasses up to 0.5% in the treatment had very taste favorable for the assessors. The treatment's texture was affected by 1% molasses replacement. The brittleness of the treatments changed and became a pasted. The most desirable treatment was it containing 0.25 and 0.5% molasses. According to the results, when molasses using in the sauce formulation, the quality, shelf life, and nutritional value of products can be improved.

Solid lipid nanoparticles form colloidal drug carrier systems, which are alternative carrier systems to traditional colloidal carriers, such as emulsions, liposomes, and, polymeric micro and nanoparticles. Solid lipid nanoparticles are typically spherical with an average diameter between 1 and 1000 nm, which are dispersed in the water or the aqueous surfactant. Various techniques are used to synthesize these nanoparticles. A variety of methods can be applied to loading different drugs, ranging from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, into lipid nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are used as suitable carriers for drug delivery. However, the physicochemical stability of lipid nanoparticles is one of the major goals for long-term use in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the investigations in the presence and absence of cryoprotectants have been considered for the stabilization of the lipid nanoparticles. Studies have shown that 1% concentration of sucrose results in the stability of nanoparticles size after nine months. Also, laboratory release studies revealed no change in release profiles of stabilized lipid nanoparticles.

In order to investigate the effect of plant growth regulator paclobutrazol and hydrogen peroxide on growth, yield and fruit quality of melon (cv. Khatooni), the experiment was set out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of University of Zanjan. Treatments include pruning (control), thinning, three levels of hydrogen peroxide (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mM) and paclobutrazol at three levels (10, 20 and 30 mg.L˗1) in 4 -6 leaf and fruit set stages. The result showed that foliar application of hydrogen peroxide increased the total soluble solids content. Thinning treatment had no significant effect on growth and fruit quality but increased yield compared to the control plants. Foliar application of paclobutrazol reduced growth and increase yield fruit and total soluble solids content compared to the control plants. According to result, the highest fruit weight, fruit yield and total soluble solid and the lowest number of stem and plant length was obtained with application of paclobutrazol 10 mg.L˗1 at 4 to 6 leaf stage, so foliar application of paclobutrazol (10 mg.L˗1 at 4 to 6 leaf stage) can be proposed instead of plant thinning practice that require too much time and labor for the farmers. Also hydrogen peroxide 7.5 mM increased dramatically total soluble solids contents, sucrose and fructose that it is recommended to improve quality of melon fruit.

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of explants types, in light and darkness condition on propagation of lateral plantlets and also to investigate the effect of type and concentrations of carbohydrates on the regeneration of Catasetum orchid plantlets in two experiments. First experiment for propagation of lateral plantlets was done with two types of explants, shoot tips and root tips, in combination with different lighting conditions (light and darkness) in completely randomized design with 5 replications. According to obtained results, the production of leaves, roots, lateral plantlets and the intensity of explant necrosis were affected by explants types and environmental conditions of light and darkness treatments and were statistically significant at (p ≤ 0.01 & 0.05). The highest mean number of leaves (21.4), roots (5) were from shoot tip explants in light and the highest mean number of lateral plantlets (17.8) observed in root explants in darkness. In second experiment, the effect of different concentrations of sucrose and mannitol were investigated on the regeneration of Catasetum orchid plantlets. Experimental treatments were three levels of sucrose, 20, 30, 40 g/l, two levels of mannitol, 10.08 and 22 g/l in combination with 20 g/l of sucrose and mannitol alone at 10.08 g/l concentration. The highest mean number of formed lateral plantlets from each explant were 10.48 which were obtained at 30 g/l sucrose concentration. For production and growth of protocorm like body, all mannitol concentrations were better than sucrose and the highest protocorm like body mean number (1.54) were produced in 10.08 g/l mannitol concentration. In general conclusion, the highest lateral plantlets regeneration occurred from root explants in darkness treatment by using sucrose.

: The use of enzymes in organic solvents is the important for industrial and pharmaceutical industries. Reduced activity of enzymes in the presence of organic solvent could be due to the rigidity of the protein structure , denaturation and inhibition. Usually, the stability of enzymes in organic solvents decreases. To fix the problem, protein stabilization methods such as additives, protein engineering and chemical changes used. In this study, endoglucanase enzyme was produced, then the activity and stability of the enzyme in the different percentages of organic solvents, n -Propanol, Dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were studied. Finally, sucrose as additives was used for the stabilization of enzyme. The results showed that the solvent DMSO in concentrations of 5% and 10% increased the enzyme activity. The enzyme activity was reduced at higher concentrations of this solvent. Other solvents reduced the activity of enzyme from the low concentrations, among which DMF had the most effect on the reduction of enzyme activity. Stability of the enzyme by sucrose in the presence of the solvent DMSO was more in comparison with other solvents. Added sucrose had no effect on the stability of the enzyme in the presence of solvents n- propanol and DMF.

Carnation flower is considered one of the most important flowers due to its area under plantation and production of cut flowers. Since its vase life, under ideal conditions of preservation, is less than 10 days, from perspectives of consumers, sellers and exporters, increasing long life of flower seems to be necessary. Nowadays lots of research have been made on the effects of plant growth regulators on improvement of production, and reduction of plant wastes after flower harvest. This research was accomplished with the objective of studying the effect of different concentrations of methyl jasmonate on quantitative and qualitative features and also vase-life of postharvest miniature carnation cut flowers. The research utilized 200, 100, 50, 25 ppm levels of methyl jasmonate and sucrose 3% in three repetitions; each repetition including 5 branches and totally six treatments. The studied attributes included flowering percentage, durability, solution attraction, relative wet weight, relative water content, cell membrane stability index, total leaf chlorophyll, petal antocyanin, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity. Data mean comparison was made by Duncan multiple range test. The results of research explained significant difference in the measured attributes under the influence of methyl jasmonate 25 ppm compared to other treatments; also, in 200 and 25 ppm concentration a significant difference was observed. According to the obtained results, utilizing higher concentrations of methyl jasmonate is not suggested due to lower durability and long life of this flower.

Sorbitol is a 6- carbon polyol, which is used in food industries as a precursor for production of many products due to its sweetness and high solubility. The application of microbial process for sorbitol production has recently been becoming of point of interest because of requirement for suitable fermentative conditions, being cost effective and less environmental pollutions. The purpose of this study was to produce sorbitol from sucrose by Debaryomyces hansenii isolated from the nature.
The sorbitol producing yeast strain was isolated in a medium containing 40% glucose and 1% yeast extract. Following identification of yeast using ITS gene sequencing, we focused on the process of fermentation and production of sorbitol from sucrose. The quality and quantity of sorbitol production was analyzed by thin layer chromatography, colorimetric method and Megazime kit.
The sorbitol producing yeast strain was isolated from pollen of Malva sylvestris flower, and was identified as D. hansenii. This strain produced 5.23 g l-1 sorbitol after 5 days in medium containing of 150 g l-1 sucrose.
In this study sorbitol was produced by a D. hansenii isolated from the nature. Due to high efficiency of sorbitol production from sucrose by yeast, isolation of sorbitol producing native yeasts and optimization of the production conditions can be helpful for increases in quality and quantity of sorbitol production.

Gerbera and Polyanthus are two of very important in cut flowers global production. In this research,experiment on completely randomized block design with 12 treatment and 3 replications was carried out. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of postharvest application of ethanol and sucrose on keeping quality and vase life of cut gerbera and polyanthus flowers. The cut flowers were harvested and after recut under water, were kept in preservative solutions containing sucrose 4%, ethanol 2.5% and combine sucrose and ethanol. The results showed that application of ethanol and sucrose increase vase life in cut gerbera and polyanthus flowers. Combination ethanol with sucrose increased significantly keeping quality and vase life flowers over control. Also, keeping gerbera and polyanthus cut flowers alone in preservative solution have better postharvest life than keeping them together.

In this research, effects of polyamine(putrescine, spermine and spermidine) on cut Rose was studied. PA each one in 100and 200 ppm and their combinations with sucrose(3%) and silver nanoparticles(4 mg/l-1) were tested as preservative mixture. This study was conducted in a factorial experiment with complete randomized design and the evaluated traits included relative fresh Wight, flower diameter, solution uptake, leaf total chlorophyll, SOD enzyme activity and vase life. The results shown that increased level of spermine to 200 ppm of this polyamine result in increase of SOD content, flower diameter, vase life, leaf total chlorophyll and solution uptake.

A nthocyanins are a subclass of flavonoids and are responsible for red, purple, and blue colors of many flowers, fruits and vegetables. The stability of anthocyanin color can be improved by copigmentation. Copigments are colourless substances which can form a coloured cluster with colourless forms of anthocyanins. The colour changes in fruits, vegetables and flowers may be caused by these reactions between anthocyanins and various organic compounds present in higher plants. In this study copigmentation of anthocyanin in red onion were investigated with four copigment: tannic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and benzoic acid in Five levels of copigment concentration as:0,120,240,480,960(mg/l). the dependence of the copigmentation process on the copigment concentration and effect of sugar on the copigmentation process were examined. The copigmentation of anthocyanin resulted in increase in both hyperchromic effect and bathochoromic shifts. In this study, tannic acid had the biggest hyperchromic effect (0/093) and benzoic acid had the lowest one (0/051). Copigments had highest effect in highest concentration. Low concentration of sacaros (10%) improved the stability of anthocyanin-copigment complex. In this study, tannic acid was predominant among copigments.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small RNAs that generally function as posttranscriptional negative regulators. The miRNAs play a direct role in plant responses to many types of environmental stresses. For example miR399 had a role in response to Pi deficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR399 and sucrose in some physiological responses of Arabidopsis thaliana plants to phosphate deficiency. Therefore، miR399-overexpressing transgenic and wild type Arabidopsis plants were used. The plant seeds were cultured on the Suc+Pi+ (S+P+)، Suc-Pi+ (S-P+)، Suc+Pi- (S+P-) and Suc-Pi- (S-P-) media. Pi+ and Pi- refer to 1. 2 mM and 10 µM Pi، respectively and Suc+ or Suc- are media culture with 1% sucrose or without. The results showed that sucrose and miR399 had a dramatic effect on root architecture so that primary root length and its branches on S-P+ medium were significantly reduced in over expressed as compared with wild type plants. The highest anthocyanin and starch accumulation was achieved in S+P- media in both plant types. However، miR399 over expression was resulted in significant rise in anthocyanin accumulation on S-P- medium in transgenic relative to wild type plants. In addition، miR399 was resulted in significant rise in free phosphorous level in all types'' media. compared to wild type. These results were probably due to the role of sucrose and miR399 in signalling pathway during phosphate starvation in Arabidopsis plant.