جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « محیط کشت » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

In this research, the effect of foliar spraying of wood vinegar on the growth and biochemical traits of cucumber seedlings in different culture mediums in a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was investigated. This experiment was carried out in the spring of 2022 in a research greenhouse at the University of Jiroft. The test factors include two types of culture media (75% cocopeat + 25% peat moss and 75% palm peat + 25% vermicompost) and 5 combinations of wood vinegar (control, oak wood vinegar 0.5 and 1% and wood vinegar Pistachio 0.5 and 1%). The results showed that seedlings grown on palmpeat + vermicompost had maximum values for the fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, root length, photosynthetic pigments, and auxin. Spraying pistachio wood vinegar at 0.5% and 1% on cocopeat + peat moss and palmpeat + vermicompost substrates, respectively, led to the highest value of root weight. Using 1% pistachio wood vinegar on cocopeat + peat moss substrate increased the root fresh weight (29.1%), the shoot dry weight (13.8%), and the ratio of shoot dry weight to root dry weight (28.4%) compared to the control. Using 1% oak wood vinegar on palmpeat + vermicompost substrate increased the root length (51.9%), chlorophyll b (13.8%), auxin (24.7%), and the total phenol (21.7%) compared to the control. Ultimately, this research suggested that using 1% oak wood vinegar on palmpeat + vermicompost substrate can produce optimal results for the production of cucumber seedlings.

The factorial experiment conducted in this study aimed to induce somatic embryogenesis in tomato cultivar Money Maker using different culture media and growth regulator combinations. The experiment was done in a completely randomized design with three replications. Three types of culture media, namely MS, B5, and MS + Vitamin B5, were used in combination with three hormonal combinations: 2,4-D (2 mg/L) + BA (1.5 mg/L), 2,4-D (8 mg/L) + BA (6 mg/L), and IAA (2 mg/L) + BA (5 mg/L). Additionally, three types of explants (cotyledon, hypocotyl and root) were utilized to induce somatic embryos. To promote embryo maturation, the explants were transferred to a hormone-free culture medium. The results revealed that the highest number of immature embryos was obtained from cotyledon explants cultured in MS medium with the hormonal combination of 2,4-D (2 mg/L) + BA (1.5 mg/L) and in hypocotyl explants in MB medium supplemented with the hormonal combination of 2,4-D (8 mg/L) + BA (6 mg/L), with an average of 20.33 embryos per explant. Also, the highest percentage of embryogenesis (93.33%) was in hypocotyl explants at MS culture medium with the hormonal combination of IAA (2 mg/L) + BA (5 mg/L). After two weeks of cultivation, the presence of globular embryos was visible on the surface of the explants under binoculars. By transferring the explants to light conditions and subsequently to a hormone-free culture medium, the embryos further developed and matured.

Perhaps talking about the use of microalgae species in various fields, global approaches to increase the productivity and شchieving economic superiority alongside لreat environmental benefits وis superfluous. Some of these factors such as illumination conditions, temperature, nutrient concentration, CO2 content and the like have been researched befor. Therefore, in this article, simply review researches that focuses on some less tested factors but with significant effects on increasing culture productivity, especially on a large scale. Therefore, at first, different cultivation environments including fresh water, sea water and sewage for use in mass cultivation are described and compared and the superior species of each environment are introduced. Then different culture methods including photototrophic, heterotrophic, mixotrophic and photothetrophic were compare. Reuse of recycled water for microalgae cultivation process to reduce treatment and pumping costs and related challenges is considered. Finally, the effect of shear stresses (coused by equipments and is a major concern in large-scale cultivation) on cultivation productivity and ways to reduce these effects is considered.

The aim of this research was to study the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO NPs) on the growth, differentiation, anatomy, and physiology of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) on the basis of a completely randomized design in vitro condition. Seedlings were cultured in MS medium containing four concentrations of FeO NPs (0, 1, 10, and 20 mgl-1). Also, the effect of the different concentrations of FeO NPs on callus formation under two various hormone conditions (0.5mgl-1 2,4D+0.5 mgl-1 BAP or 0.5 mgl-1 BAP+1 mgl-1 Kin) were assessed. The results showed that the application of FeO NPs significantly increased biomass accumulation in both roots and shoots. Moreover, FeO NPs enhanced the concentrations of photosynthesis pigments (chllrophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids). The presence of FeO NPs in culture medium affected callus formation in a hormone-dependent manner. Different concentration of FeO NPs induced the callus formation under 2, 4-D and BAP treatments. However, it did not significantly increase callus formation under the kinitin and 2,4-D. The findings of this research indicated that the application of FeO NPs at optimized doses may improve plant production, especially in vitro condition.

Paulownia tomentosa is very adaptable, widely distributed andextremely fast growing deciduous. The application of micropropagationtechniques in agro-forestry was essential because it offers a rapid wayof producing genetically uniform cloned stock with high quality. In order to study the effect of basal culture medium and growth regulatorson micropropagation of P. tomentosa, a factorial experiment wasconducted in a completely randomized design with four replications.The seeds were surface disinfected in a solution of 1.5% NaOCl for 10min and culture on MS medium containing 50 mg/l GA3. For shootmultiplication, isolated 1 cm long epicotyls were put on MS and DKWmedia supplemented with0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mg/l benzyl adenine (BA), 0.1mg/l NAA, 30 g/l sucrose, 7 g/l agar and pH = 5.6-5.8 beforeautoclaving. The subculture period was 4 weeks in growth chamberswith permanent temperature 25±1°C, white fluorescent light withintensity 3000 lx and 16:8 h photoperiod. Basal modified MS andDKW media (reduction of all macro elements by half) enriched with0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l indole butyric acid (IBA), 20 g/l sucrose and 7 g/lagar were studied for rooting efficiency. According to the results ofanalysis of variance, no significant differences were observed betweenMS and DKW media for multiplication and rooting traits. Due to thecompatibility of this species to environmental conditions, it seems thatthe same behavior was observed in tissue culture and showed the samereaction in both MS and DKW media for all traits. Mean comparison results showed that the highest shoot number (1.8-2.1 shoot perexplant) and shoot fresh weight (1.5-1.7 g) were obtained in mediacontaining 2 or 3 mg/l BA. The highest rooting percentage (100%), rootnumber (0.8 root per explant), mean root length (4.5 cm) and plantletfresh weight (2.9 g) were obtained in media enriched with 2 mg/l IBA.Rooted plantlets were rinsed with tap water to remove the mediumfrom the roots and transferred to the substrate of peat moss : cocopeat:perlite (2 : 2 : 1), treated with Mancozeb fungicide (0.2%) andcultivated for 30-40 days in growth chambers with gradual decrease ofthe atmospheric humidity. There is a significant positive correlationbetween root number as well as plantlet fresh and dry weight withex vitrosurvival. Acclimatization results showed that 90% of plantletssuccessfully survived after four months. The method described here canbe successfully employed for large scalein vitropropagation ofP. tomentosa plants.

Nepeta binaloudensis Jamzad is a medicinal plant endemic to Iran. It is an endangered plant due to habitat destruction and intensive harvest. We investigated the effect of antioxidants and different concentrations of BAP and NAA on in vitro stem and root formation of N. binaloudensis. Stem explants were cultured in ½ MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.5 mg/L) and different concentrations of ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione. The effect of different concentrations of BAP on the regeneration of this plant was then evaluated. Moreover, root formation of regenerated stems was investigated in the ½ MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA. The results showed that the combination of antioxidants in ½ MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.5 mg/L) had a significant effect on regeneration in vitro culture. The reduced-glutathione (2 μM/ L) in comparison with other antioxidant treatments increased the stem regeneration in explants. The levels of BAP hormone (1 and 1.5 mg/L) had a significant (p-value<0.05) effect on the stem regeneration rate and the number of produced branches. The NAA (2 mg/L) increased root formation and root height average. We recommend the use of these treatments for in vitro propagation of this endangered plant.

Saccharomyces yeast genus has a wide application in biotechnology that several studies on this subject are performed. They have also known as a dietary supplement in breeding all kinds of creatures in particular for aquatics. Species of this genus are considered as probiotics, as well as a lot of beneficial effects on growth are creatures and Yeasts can be cultured in a variety of waste and cheap substrates, including hydrocarbons and petroleum. So finding an Appropriate and inexpensive culture media for optimal growth of yeast is important. In the present study, along with the study of Saccharomyces species diversity as intestinal flora of domestic rainbow trout flora, optimum growth conditions the strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied in different culture media as YPD, YPAD, YPG, YPAC, and DM. This research not only emphasized the diversity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as an intestinal flora in domestic fishes, but also revealed the optimum growth of yeasts in YPAD media.

Lavender (Lavandula officinalis) is an evergreen, perennial and woody plant belongs to Lamiaceae family. It also has been considered as a medicinal and ornamental plant. In order to determine the effects of culture Medium and NAA hormone concentrations on rooting, an experiment was performed in the greenhouse and laboratory at Isiamic Azad University of Jiroft. In this study, the effect of NAA values at concentrations of 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm and different culture medium including perlite, sand, mixtures of peat-perlite and sand-perlite in a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design with four replications was investigated.Number of roots per cutting, fresh and dry weight of root, root length, bud length, number of buds, number of rooted cuttings and number of callus cuttings were recorded and analyzed by variance. Comparison of mean treatments was performed by Duncan's multiple range test. SPSS & SAS softwares were used for statistical analysis of this test. The results showed that the culture medium and the concentration of hormones and their interactions had a significant effect on the studied traits. The highest root length, fresh weight and root dry weight, number of rooted cuttings, number of buds and length of buds were obtained, using a concentration of 4000 ppm of NAA hormone and perlite culture medium and the highest number of roots in the cuttings belonged to the treatment effect, 4000 ppm of NAA hormone and peat-perlite culture medium.

Artificial seed production can be considered as an alternative method to overcome the problems of cultivation, propagation and conservation of medicinal plants. For this purpose, artificial seed production using somatic embryos of two genotypes of Chavyl (Ferulago angulata L.) (Chehlcheshme and kohgol) was evaluated in two separate experiments. In the experiment of investigation of the number of somatic embryos ( the first test ), after observing the torpedo embryos , number of globular , heart and torpedo embryos formed on the surface of embryogenic callus were counted that the significant difference was not observed between the two genotypes in the number of somatic embryos . In the artificial seed production experiment (second experiment) produced somatic embryos were sealed using calcium alginate capsules. In this way that somatic embryos were transfered to liquid full Murashige and Skoog growth medium (MS) and mixed with sodium alginate 2 and 3% and were dropped in calcium chloride solution, calcium alginate capsules were formed within 10 and 30 minutes. The results of this experiment showed that for Chehlcheshme variety complex treatment of sodium alginate 2% and calcium chloride 25 mM for 30 minutes and for Koohgol variety complex treatment of sodium alginate 3%, calcium chloride 50 mM for 30 minutes were good to produce artificial seeds with maximum germination.

The effects of nutrients and light intensity fluctuations in different formulations of TMRL medium on growth and density of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae were investigated within the shortest time to obtain highest density. TMRL medium was provided with different densities of nitrogen (30, 50, and 70 gr), phosphorus (3, 5, and 7 gr), and fixed iron content (1 gr of FeCl3). The Microalgae were cultured in 2 light intensities (3500±350 lux) and (550 ± 350 lux). A total of six treatments with three replications were considered and the samples were counted 6 times within 12 days. An equal number of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae cells were injected to the treatments (15×105 cells/ml). Based on the results, the highest growth of Chlorella vulgaris obtained in the medium containing 5 g of phosphorus, 50 g of nitrogen (Urea), and 1 g of iron in light density of 3500 lux in the 12th day (p<0.05). Meanwhile, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and minerals components were 45.2, 9.5, 25.1, and 9.1 percent respectively in dry weight of the microalgae.

The aim of this study was the optimizing of the production of microalgae Chlorella using water enrichment of Caspian Sea through an ordinary TMRL medium. The study was conducted under temperature (25 2), 3500 lux, light period 12-12 and airing by central air pump for creating a turbulent medium. The growth was compared by an optical microscope and Neubauer slide for 10 days and once in 2 days. In total, five comparisons were done. There has been significance difference between the cell growths of microalgae Chlorella in treatments in different days. There was no statistical difference in 5 treatments in the second and fourth day. Cell growth was begun in 6th day and the exponential growth was continued to the last day. The maximum cell growth ( in per mL) was observed in treatment 3 (50% sea water, 50% medium) and the minimum growth ( in per mL) was in treatment 1 (100% sea water). Also, the highest and lowest growth rate were recorded in treatment 2, 3 (0.30) and treatment 1, 5 (0.26), respectively. In 10th day, the lowest frequencies were related to treatments 1, 5. So that the treatment 5 had a significant growth with increasing growth over the past days, but the treatment 1 was shown the reduction in frequency than the past days. The highest frequencies were related to treatment 2, 3.

wrongs in experiments and laboratories are inevitable particularly if used non-standard methods and tools. In routine disc diffusion test used optical method for pouring media in petri dishes that create non negligible errors in experiments. Goal of this research is design and produce a standard petri dish for this tests and eliminate the wrongs.
According CLSI standards about sensitivity tests medium standard thickness is 4 millimeters. According these data designed a standard petri dish that determined this standard thickness exactly.
Results of this research showed existing Petri dishes produce wrong and different reports about non-growth haloes even for identical antibiotics that cause to antibiotic unfit administration significantly (P Designed standard petri dish standardized disc diffusion tests and other sensitivity tests and makes accuracy, non- growth haloes uniformity in identical tests, and antibiotics fit choose. Also decrease medium waste rate significantly.

These days, Scientsts search for cheap protein sources because of growthing of population.One of these sources is Single Cell Protein.This study deals with Single Cell Protein production process by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces carlsbergensis .These yeast are known as the most ideal and practical eukaryotic microorganism in biological studies. In this survey we added the waste of Kilka fish meal factories (Stick water) in Mazandaran and analyzed physical and chemical factors in the lab.The yeast medium was YGB (Yest Extract Glucose Broth). It is used control medium and medium whitch has 50% and 100% Stick water in order to investigation of growthing yeast. Producted Organizem are analyzed for dry material percent,moisture,protein,ash and amino acid profile. In order to analyze of results, we used SPSS and ANOVA system. In this survey, the mount of Single Cell Protein production in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis was more than Saccharomyces cerevisiae. But we dident watch any obviously different between them.

Catharanthus roseus L., commonly known as the periwinkle, is one of the most important medicinal plants that included worthwhile alkaloids. The effect of the intensity and duration of magnetic field, medium strength and growth regulators were investigated on percentage of seeds germination. Sterilized seeds were exposed to different intensities of magnetic field (1, 2, 4mT) daily for 15 minutes during a week or a month. Treated seeds were cultured in MS or 1/2 MS media supplemented with different hormone combinations. Results indicated that application of MF for one month period caused the decrease in seed germination. To Investigate the hormone combination effect, the MF treated seeds were cultured in 1/2 MS media supplemented with 2,4-D and kinetine. In the presence of 2,4-D, the percentage of germination, production and growth of callus were increased. In the culture medium containing 2iP or Kinetin, seedling growth was performed without callus formation. Kinetine increased the number of shoots in a seedling without induction of callus production.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different treatments of growth regulators on the amount of shooting, rooting, callus production and plant regeneration of hairless catmint (Nepeta nuda), in vitro condition.
Material and The seeds of this plant were cultured in MS/2, and then the plantlets were sub-cultured. The obtained samples were cultured in different levels of BA and Kinetin, either alone or in combination with IBA. Leaves of explants were used for callus induction with BA and NAA treatments in both medium (light and dark). Also, for regeneration, the same calluses were used with BA and NAA treatments.
The results of this study showed that, in proliferation part, the highest fresh weight (2315.9 mg) and shoot number (15.22 per each bush) of each plantlet were obtained in 1 mgL-1 BA and 0.25 mgL-1 IBA. Moreover, the BA treatment with 2 mgL-1 concentration cause to produce the longest branches (50.5 cm) and the highest number of nodes (53.6 per plantlet) in each plantlet.
The highest length, number and percentage of root were obtained at MS/2 medium and 0.5 mgL-1 IBA. In callus formation part, the highest fresh weight of callus was related to application of 1 mgL-1 BA with 0.5 mgL-1 NAA. In addition, the highest percentage of callus formation was observed in dark medium and no significant differences were observed between the growth regulator treatments. Furthermore, the highest percentage of regeneration of callus related to both growth regulators treatments included 1 mgL-1 BA with 0.2 mgL-1 NAA (83.2 %) and 1 mgL-1 BA with 0.5 mgL-1 NAA (81.66 %) with no significant differences between them.
In total, the most useful growth regulator compound for micro-propagation of hairless catmint, which is endangered extinction species, were 1 mgL-1 BA with 0.5 mgL-1 IBA and NAA.

Amylases are among the most important enzymes and have great significance in present-day biotechnology. Amylase with commercial applications is mainly derived from the genus Bacillus. The main purpose of this study is identification and isolatation amylase enzyme producer Bacillus, determining the amylase enzyme activity and affecting a number of culture medium on amylase enzyme production. Soil, water and wastewater samples were collected from agricultural area, choghakhor lake in chahar mahal e bakhtiari province and from food factory in Esfahan. Bacillus isolates were screened for amylolytic properties by starch hydrolysis test on starch agar plate. Amylase producing Bacillus were identified biochemical tests and molecular experiments. Amylase enzyme activity of isolates was measured using di-nitro salicylic acid (DNS) method. Enzyme production was studied in variose medium culture TSB, NB, Yeast extract, molases and milk medium. The enzyme amylase-producing strains, one sample showed was the highest amylase activity. The Bacillus has been detected as a member of Bacillus subtilis according to Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and molecular recognition. The enzyme activity of Bacillus subtilis was measured 7/21 (U/ml) in production media. Trough medium culture maximum amylase production for Bacillus subtilis was achieved in molases medium.Discussion and In this study, Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from wastewater of a significant amount of enzyme producing 7/21 (U/ml) as indicated. Among the medium-amylase from Bacillus subtilis highest enzyme activity was observed in beet molasses. According to this study, the use of Bacillus strains is an efficient way to achieve the amylase enzyme.

In this research, the effects of aeration and agitation of culture vessel on Spirulina biomass production were studied in five various culture media. Spirulina was cultivated in Zarrouk, Jourdan, F2, Schlosser, and seawater salt culture media. In the cultivation system with aeration, mixing was performed with air flow of 0.2 vvm, and in cultivation system with agitation of culture vessel, shaking was performed continiously at 150 rpm using a shaker. Spirulina was grown in all cultures, reached to highest cell concentrations of 4.0 g L-1 by agitation system and 3.68 g L-1 by aeration system. In agitation, highest level of biomass production obtained in Zarrouk culture medium equal to 4.0 g L-1 wheares lowest level was obtained in seawater salt culture medium equal to 2.49 g L-1. In aeration, the highest level of biomass production of 3.69 g L-1 was obtained in seawater salt culture medium wheares lowest of 2.3 g L-1 was obtained in F2 culture medium. The pH increased continuously up to 10.9 during cultivation in agitation system, but in the aeration system, the pH increase up to the 7th cultivation day and then stopped at 10.1. In the seawater salt culture medium, biomass production in the aeration system was higher than in the agitation of culture vessel. The finding of this study indicate that stress has high effects on Spirulina growth and biomass production, and by reducing the stress, the yield of Spirulina production can be increased for commercial purposes.

In this study, with the aim of optimizing hairy root growth conditions, leaf, hypocotyl and root explants were inoculated by strain ‘A13’ of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Then effect of four basal MS liquid media was considered with different combinations and temperature on rate of hairy roots growth. In order to hairy root induction via spary and leaf disc methods, two strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (A13 and 9534) were used. For confirmation of transformation but not infection of hairy roots, PCR reaction was performed through specific amplification of rolB and virD genes. Obtained hairy roots in a basal liquid MS medium were cultured under different treatments in based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates and dry weight of hairy roots was measured after two months. Hairy roots were observed in root, hypocotyl and leaf explants after 8 days. The highest percentage of transformation was found in leaf explants. The obtained results showed that the highest (0.19 gr) and the lowest(0.05 gr) rate of hairy root dry weight related to basal liquid MS medium containing 30 g/l sucrose in 35°C and basal MS liquid medium containing 0.2 gr ∕ l NAA hormone,respectively,. The results indicate the main role of culture medium compounds and temperature in enhancing of hairy root biomass.