جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a common chemical solvent that causes oxidative stress and brain damage. Alpha-pinene with antioxidant properties plays an important role in reducing oxidative stress and improving inflammation. However, Alpha-pinene has low bioavailability due to low solubility. The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects of Alpha-pinene nanophytosome on brain damage caused by CCl4 in male rats.

Metods:

 In this research, 35 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups control, Alpha-pinene nanophytosome (50 mg/kg ) for 14 days, CCl4 (1 mg/kg) twice a week for 14 days and two CCl4 treated groups with Alpha-pinene and Alpha-pinene nanophytosome (50 mg/kg ) for 14 days. Finally, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes were investigated.

Our results revealed that, the level of GSH (P<0.001) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (P<0.01) in the brain of rats receiving CCl4 significantly decreased compared to the control group, while Alpha-pinene nanophytosome increased significantly. The level of MDA in the brain of rats receiving CCl4 increased significantly (P<0.001) compared to the control group, while Alphapinene nanophytosome significantly reduced MDA level. The findings of this research show that Alpha-pinene nanophytosome can protects the brain against oxidative stress and damage caused by CCl4.

AbstractEnvironmental pollution and weed resistance to herbicides have attracted the attention of researchers to methods of biological weed control. In this regard, the effect of different concentrations (50, 100 and 150 mL/L) of different organs (roots, shoots, whole plant) of chamomile on some physiological parameters and initial growth of charlock mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were examined. The factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that increasing the concentration of chamomile extract increased hydrogen peroxidation, lipid peroxidation, and proline content of charlock mustard, however it suppreseed cell viability, germination rate, seedling length, seedling dry weight and seedling vigor index of this plant. The dry weight of charlock mustard and wheat seedlings at a concentration of 150 mL/L at the 5% probability level was 58.9 and 84.3, respectively. In other words, this trait decreased by 41% and 15.7% in the two plants. Although chamomile shoot extract had the most negative effect on the mentioned traits in both plants, charlock mustard showed a more severe response compared to wheat. Even with the lowest concentration, chamomile extract reduced the vigor index of charlock mustard seedlings three times more than that of wheat. In general, it can be concluded that based on the strong effect of chamomile extract on suppressing the growth of charlock mustard and little effect on wheat seedlings, it can be

Nowadays, one of the environmental problems is the production and release of persistent organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as phenanthrene, into the environment. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of phenanthrene (0, 50 and 100 mg/L) on growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, some antioxidant enzymes, and some biochemical activities of the sunflower plant were investigated. Sunflower seeds were cultivated in pots containing perlite and different concentrations of phenanthrene. The water content of pots was adjusted to field capacity using distilled water and kept in the dark for one week. Seedlings were transferred to growth chambers with controlled conditions (25–30 °C, 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod, and relative humidity of 50-60% and light intensity of 80 μmol/m2/s). After 50 days, plants were harvested and the mentioned parameters were evaluated. Growth parameters of sunflower were decreased at the level of 100 mg/L of phenanthrene. Phenanthrene treatment increased the concentration of chlorophyll a and b as well as carotenoids in sunflower compared to control plants. Concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds in treated plants with phenanthrene showed significant changes. The activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate, peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POX) was significantly increased especially in the root. In conclusion, it seems that phenanthrene toxicity induces oxidative stress in the sunflower, and plants improve their enzymatic antioxidant system to moderate the stress condition. In addition, damage of cell membranes by phenanthrene leads to weakening of plants root system as well as disordering in water and nutrient uptake and finally reduction in the plant growth.

Multiple sclerosis, as well as toxins such as ethidium bromide, can damage the myelin of neurons. The antioxidant properties of Bacopa monnieri have been reported in previous studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of Bacopa monnieri and ethidium bromide on spatial memory and lipid peroxidation in the hippocampal formation. This study was performed on eight groups of seven-member male rats. Three days after injection of ethidium bromide or Bacopa monnieri, and also combination of these drugs in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, Morris Water Maze test was employed to measure spatial memory parameters. Then the lipid peroxidation parameter was measured in this region. bromide into the CA1 region Injection 3 μL of ethidium bromide 1% reduced the parameters related to spatial memory (P

Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (PHS), characterized by increased lung pressure in arteries, dilatation, and hypertrophy of the right ventricle, is correlated with the high cardiac output and enhanced blood pressure in the lungs to more blood oxygenation, which ultimately leads to ascites. The accumulation of free radicals and increased oxidative stress result in both lipid peroxidation, as well as the increased levels of heterophil to lymphocytes. By having antioxidant properties, the synbiotic can significantly reduce oxidative stress. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of synbiotic on pulmonary hypertension in broilers. Groups were categorized into; Sham (broilers with a basic diet in the whole period of the test), Control (recipient of basic diet+ triiodothyronine hormone (T3) at 1.5 mg/kg doses added to their diet from seven days of age), Treatment with synbiotic (birds with basic diet + T3 at 1.5 mg/kg dose added to their diet from seven days of age + synbiotic (0.1% dose) from day one). At 35 and 49 days of age, 9 birds from each group (3 broilers from each replicate) were randomly selected, and after getting the blood samples, heterophil to lymphocyte rate and lipid peroxidation was assessed. To evaluate pulmonary hypertension, cardiac weight index was also reported due to the right ventricular weight to the total weight of both ventricles (RV/TV). RV/TV rate at all ages was decreased in the synbiotic broilers; however, this was statistically significant at 49 days of age (p ≤ 0.05). Compared to the control group, lipid peroxidation levels in synbiotic group at all ages were reduced which was significant at 35 and 49 days of age (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Heterophil to lymphocytes rates was decreased in the synbiotic group compared to the control group in all ages, but this decrease was more significant at 49 days of age (p < 0.05). Regarding the obtained results, symbiotic, for their antioxidant properties, can significantly reduce the amount of oxidative stress result from pulmonary hypertension syndrome.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition of the intestine with unknown etiology involving multiple immune, genetic and environmental factors. We were interested to examine the effect of extract from Lippia citrodoria, a medicine plant in prevention and control of experimental mouse IBD. L.citrodoria was administered (50, 150.200 mg/kg) through drinking water to IBD mice (induced by intrarectal administration of acid-induced). Prednisolone was used as the standard drug for comparison. Biochemical, macroscopic and microscopic examination of colon were performed. Biochemical evaluation of inflamed colon was done using assay of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and thiobarbituric acid reaction substances(TBARS) concentration as indicators of free radical activity and cells lipid peroxidation. Results indicated that the activity of MPO and lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) increased in acetic acid-treated group while recovered by pretreatment of animals with L.citrodoria (50,150,200 mg/kg) and prednisolone. L.citrodoria (50-100mg/kg) and prednisolone. L.citrodoria (50-200 mg/kg) and prednisolone-treated groups showed significantly lower score values of macroscopic and microscopic characters when compared to the acetic acid – treated group. The benefical effect of L.citrodoria ( 200mg/kg) was comparable to that of prednisolone.It is concludes that the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory potentials of L.citrodoria might be the mechanisms by which this extract protects animals against experimentally induced IBD. Proper clinical investigation should be carried out to confirm the activity in human

One of the molecular mechanisms of alcohol-induced toxicity is mediated by oxidative stress. We investigated the protective effects of orally administered vitamin C (VC) in different doses on oxidative damage in rat eyes induced by chronic ethanol intake.
Eight groups of rats were treated for 30 days: control (C), VC (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), ethanol (4 g/kg) and, ethanol VC (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg).Eyes were then removed for analysis of oxidant/antioxidant markers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdeyde (MDA).
Ethanol decreased the activities of SOD, CAT and GPx in the eye. These changes were accompanied by enhanced lipid peroxidation measured as increased MDA levels. Although VC (50 and 100 mg/kg) restored antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation, there were still significant differences compared to control animals. However, 200 mg/kg VC clearly prevented the pro-oxidant and antioxidant imbalance. Interestingly, the highest dose of VC produced a potent inhibition of lipid peroxidation and improvement in antioxidant defense enzymes compared to other doses in non-alcoholic rats.
Oral administration of VC 200 mg/kg for 30 days prevented redox imbalance induced by chronic ethanol exposure in rat eyes by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Relative to other chemical medications, vitamin treatments may be free of major side effects; therefore this antioxidant vitamin may provide a potential alternative for prevention of ethanol toxicity which deserves consideration and further examination.

Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) from the Lamiaceae family is a medicinal plant which has great antioxidant properties. Environmental stresses such as drought can result in changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of some biochemical factors in plants. In this investigation, the effects of drought stress on the activity of supe-roxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase, malondialdehyde and soluble sugars content in pennyroyal shoots and roots were evaluated. To create the water deficit, 24-day seedlings of pennyroyal were placed in 1/2 strength Hoagland solution, containing PEG 6000 (0 and 5% (w/v)) for 24 hours. The results showed that drought stress incr-eased catalase activity and lipid peroxidation and decreased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity of the shoots. On the other hand, the activity of catalase and peroxidase increased in the roots. Ascorbate peroxidase activity showed no significant difference in the shoots and the roots. Moreover, drought stress significantly increased the amount of so-luble sugars of glucose, galactose, xylose and rhamnosus in the shoots. Therefore, the increased activity in antioxidant enzymes as well as the amount of soluble sugars under drought stress might be a sign of tolerance of M. pulegium under low levels of drought.

Drought stress stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chloroplasts. ROS laed to lipid peroxidation and damage to the cell membrane. In the current study, the effect of different concentrations of silicon were examined on oxidative stress caused by drought in fennel plant. The experimental design was a split plot based on RCBD with three replications in which irrigation regimes includingirrigation at 100%, 70% and 40% of field capacity were assigned as main plots and five levels of silicon foliar sprays (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mM) were allocated to sub plots. The experiment was conducted in 2009 at the Zabol University research farm, Zabol, Iran. The results showed that drought stress significantly decreased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, leaf relative water content and catalase activity. In drought conditions, malondialdehyde levels and electrolyte leakage showed a 2 -fold increase over the control. Silicon treatment (7.5 mM) accompanied by drought, increased the activity of peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase, proline and soluble sugars by 18, 25, 14 and 28%, respectively and decreased malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage by 30 and 28%, respectively over the control, suggesting that silicon spraying (5 and 7.5 mM) could increase the ability of plants in response to drought stress by strengthening the antioxidant system of the plant and increasing osmolytes, and have protective effect against lipid peroxidation, induced by stress.

Tea was planted in Lahijan by Kashefalsataneh in 1930. The main concern about important commercial plants such as tea is the formation of ice crystals in low temperatures. This can damage the live cells leading to lowering the quality of the plant and eventually its death. Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress is the result of various environmental stresses leading to freezing. Investigating the variations in any of these factors could help to understand the mechanism of freeze resistance in ever-green plants. The aim of the present research was to investigate lipid peroxidation, the presence of antifreeze protein and variations in the activity of some antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidize (APX) and catalyse (CAT) in tea leaves subjected to 20, 0, -2, -5 and -8°C in tea leaves from the north of Iran. The results showed formation of an antifreeze protein with MW of about 20 KD in response to cold stress. It was also found that the activity of SOD, APX and CAT increased in tea leaves due to cold stress. The activity of SOD increased down to -8°C. APX and CAT increased their activity down to -5°C. On the other hand, the lipid per oxidation factor, MDA, was also elevated in response to the cold stress.

Nitric oxide (NO) has signaling property in plants، therefore the effect of nitroprusside (SNP) as an NO producing agent on viability in the cell culture، lipid peroxidation and activity of superoxide dismutase، catalase and peroxidase in the callus of Catharantus roseus was investigated. Cell suspension was prepared from callus of Catharantus roseus، and the cells were treated with 0، 10، 50، 100، 150، 200 and 250 μM of sodium nitroprusside for 1، 3 and 6 days to determined the cell viability (based on trypan blue staining as well as MTT colorimetric assay). Then using 100 and 200 mM of sodium nitroprusside as selected dose، the cell suspension was used to investigate the cell morphological changes. In addition the callus tissue was treated with the same dose to estimate the level of lipid peroxidation and the activity of superoxide dismutase، catalase and guaiacol peroxidase. Comparison of the data from trypan blue and MTT methods showed that the significant (p<0. 05) differences in viability was concentration dependent with respect to control. Base on the morphology، SNP caused changes in the shape and size of the cell nuclei as well as disturbance in the chromatin. In addition changes in the cytoplasm such as shrinkage and cell border deform was observed in the treated cells compare to control. Also activity of the investigated enzymes following the oxidative stress increased significantly (p<0. 05). The level of malondialdehyde as an indicator of lipid peroxidation also increased significantly. Sodium nitroprusside as an NO producing agent caused cellular membrane damage which results in cell viability reduction in the callus of catharantus roseus. Although the activity of the antioxidant enzymes increased significantly with respect to the oxidative stress but the produced cellular response was not able to compensate the damages.

This study was to determine the effects of sprint training and vitamins E and C supplementation on LDL-ox and MDA levels and GPX activity. 40 untrained healthy male students(age 19± 1.9, weight 73 ± 4.4) divided into 4 groups: sprint training (SP) sprint training with vitamins E and C supplements (SP-SUP), vitamins E and C supplements (SUP) and control (CON) groups (n=10 each group). Blood samples were collected before exercise. The SP and SP-SUP groups participated 8 weeks sprint training period. At the same time, SUP and SP-SUP groups received vitamins E (400 U/day) and C (500 mg/day) six days per week. Blood samples were collected, before training period and after 72 hours from last session of training period. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) used to compare groups results. There was significant difference between GPX activity. Also, there were differences between MDA levels within groups. The LDL-ox level changes were not significant. According to the results, anti-oxidative defense by enzymes such as GPX can increases by sprint training. Sprint training has selectional effect on by-products of oxidants and can improve anti-oxidative stress in rest.

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is an evergreen tree traditionally cultivated in the Mediterranean area, resistant to some degree to salinity and drought conditions. However, olive trees are not so resistant to low temperatures. In recent years, because of high demands for olive oil and fruit, the cultivation of olive trees has been increased in Iran. Different cultivars of olives have diverse reactions to cold stress and so, the selection of cold resistant cultivars is the most effective method to avoid frost damages. In order to compare the impact of cold stress on the content of total protein, lipid peroxidation and photosynthetic pigments, 1-years old olive cultivars of Sevillana and Frantoio, were exposed to low temperatures of 10, 5, 0, -5, -10, -15, -20 and control 20 °C for 12 h. The results indicated that the both examined cultivars were resistant to 0 °C temperature with no significant damages. The photosynthetic pigments of Frantoio did not change even in -15 °C and malondialdehyde levels slightly increased compared with the control (20 °C). Total protein content in Frantoio showed significant decrease from -10 °C, while in Sevillana cultivar there was significant decline of total protein content from -5 °C. Therefore, it can be concluded that Frantoio is more resistant to cold stress than Sevillana.

The aim of this study was to determining effect of short-term garlic extract supplementation on serum total antioxidant capacity(TAC), malondialdehyde and and total peripheral leukocytes counts in non-athlete men after an aerobic exercise. Twenty non-athlete men (aged 23±3 years, body fat 16±2%, and VO2max 40±3 ml/kg/min) in a randomized and double-blind design were divided in two equal groups: supplement group (garlic extract, 700mg/day) and placebo group (dextrose, 700mg/day). After supplementation period, all subjects were participated in aerobic exercise protocol with75% VO2max on the treadmill for 30 minutes. Primary blood samples in the basic state and before of start supplementation, second blood samples after the end of supplementation period and third blood samples after the exercise were taken. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA, Bonferroni and independent t test using SPSS at α≤0.05. Show that short-term garlic extract supplementation had significant effect (P<0.05) on basal serum TAC. Moreover, MDA, total peripheral leukocytes counts was significantly increased and TAC was significantly decreased (P<0.05) after 30 min aerobic exercise. The change range in the oxidative and inflammatory indices of placebo group, However, was significantly more than in supplement group (P<0.05). Our results suggest that the increase of resting total antioxidative capacity following Garlic short supplementation can cause decrease exercise-induced oxidative damages (Lipid Peroxidation) and inflammatory indices (Leukocytosis) in non-athlete men.

Quality wise, most citrus species from North of Iran are appreciated by the Iranian peaple. They, therefore, deserve commercial and research value. To protect their cells and tissues from oxidative damage, most plants produce metabolites such as carbohydrates, amino acids, anti-freeze protein and antioxidants. Determination of lipid peroxidation, and detection of anti-freeze protein were used to explore the mechanism by which a plant could resist to cold stress. In this research, two species of citrus family, citrange (Citrus sinensis) and bitter orange (Citrus sinensis x Poncirus trifoliata) were subjected to a range of temperature. Results showed that a protein with molecular weight of 23 KD was produced in both citrus species at temperature below zero degree. On the other hand, lipid peroxidation in both species increased only slightly in response to cold stresses below 0°C.