جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "کود شیمیایی" در نشریات گروه "زیست شناسی"

Organic manuares have important effectiveness on quantity and quality of medicinal plants and this plants have important role in food industries, then this research was done to evaluate the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on essential oil content and composition of Thyme. This research was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications in Research Farm of Islamic Azad University Branch of Shahrekord at 2020 and 2021. Treatments were: control (no fertilizer), cow manure, sheep manure, hen manure, horse manure, vermi-compost and complete chemical fertilizers. Each of animal manuares and vermi-compost in 20 t.ha-1 in planting time and complete chemical fertilizer in 1.5 g.l-1 concentration after V10 stage in two step by 3 weeks interval, were used. Shoot of plant samples beginning of flowering stage in end of vegetative stage (252-270 leaf) prepared from treatments separately in the end of august. For measurement of the content and yield of the volatile oil, 1000g of the fresh shoots harvested and mixed with water and placed in a flask connected to the condenser of a Clevenger apparatus and the GC analysis was done to detect the essential oil composition. The most weight of dry matter (352±17.1 g.m-2 in first year and 359.04±18.9 g.m-2 in second year) and essential oil content (0.91±0.1% in first year and 1.1±0.01% in second year) were observed in chemical fertilizer was the same group with vermi-compost and hen manure. Four components of P-cymene, Gamma terpinen, Carvacrol and Thymyl acetate are classified as cyclic monoterpene made more than 70% of essential oil content in different treatments. 29 components in essential oil of treatments were detected. The greatest amount of major components were Carvacrol (35.2-36.8%) in chemical fertilizer and vermicompost, P-cymene (8.3-7.8%) in chemical fertilizer; Gamma terpinene (18.6-18.7%) in vermi-compost and Thymyl acetate (4.6-4.8%) in hen manure.

This study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of chemical fertilizers application on the amount of rapeseed infestation by wax aphid and the agricultural characteristics of rapeseed. Experiment was conducted as a three-factor factorial based on a randomized complete block design in three replications. The experimental factors include the application of nitrogen fertilizer at three levels (175, 250 and 325 kg.ha-1) from the source of urea fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer at three levels (70, 100 and 130 kg.ha-1) from the source of triple superphosphate fertilizer and sulfur fertilizer in There were two levels (25 and 50 kg.ha-1). The results showed that increasing the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer led to a decrease in the pollution index, the percentage of infected plants and the length of the infected stem, as a result of which the grain yield and biological performance increased. The results showed that the use of higher amounts of chemical fertilizers led to an increase in the components of rape seed yield, so that the highest number of seeds per pod in the treatment of application of 100 kg.ha-1 phosphorus along with 25 kg.ha-1 sulfur and the highest 1000 seed weight was obtained in the application treatment of 130 kg.ha-1 of phosphorus along with 50 kg.ha-1 of sulfur. The increase in the amount of grain yield components led to an increase in grain yield and biological yield, so that the highest amount of grain yield and biological yield was 3804 and 12836 kg.ha-1, respectively, in the treatment of application of 325 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the application of 325 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer reduced the rate of contamination of canola with wax aphid and increased the grain yield, which can be recommended for the farmers of the region in the cultivation of canola

To study the effect of button mushroom compost, chemical fertilizer, and superphosphate on head Kidney and some blood biochemical parameters in freshwater aquaculture, after transferring fish to pools with dimensions of one hectare with equal length and width with water height of two meters from a single source for two months, received button mushroom compost and chemical fertilizer. In each of the groups, about 20 pieces of healthy fish with the same biometric characteristics were taken. After performing the usual laboratory procedures, the separation of ALT and AST enzymes was assessed by a parsazmon laboratory kit. The ALP enzyme was also measured by nitrophenyl phosphate P, which is based on its ability to break phosphate groups in acidic pH. LDH, TG, Alb, COL, Na, K, and Ca were measured using the parsazmon laboratory kits and autoanalyzer device and TP levels were measured by the Bradford method. The levels of AST, ALT, Alb, and Ca in group two showed a significant decrease compared to the treatment group three in most of the species (p<0.05). LDH, COL, ALP, and Na did not differ significantly between the groups.TP, K, and TG in group two significantly increased compared to group three (p<0.05). According to the recent findings, it can be concluded that button mushroom compost can be used as a suitable substitute for chemical fertilizers in freshwater fish breeding ponds.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chemical fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and biofertilizer on some growth indicators of Camelina sativa L. experimental plant during the crop year 2016 in a farm located in Kazerun and as a factorial in the form of complete randomized block design with three replications. Treatments include fertile biofertilizer 2 containing phosphate solvent bacteria (Pseudomonas putida Strain 13P bacteria and agglomerans Pantoea Strain 5P) as the first factor in 2 levels (consumption and non-consumption) and the second factor including chemical fertilizers including control treatments, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur fertilizers (50 respectively). (200 and 100 kg / ha) alone were optimal and chemical fertilizer treatment was 30% less than optimal. The results showed that the application of biofertilizer was significant only on crop yield and phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen uptake traits. Chemical fertilizer treatment was significant on all traits, and the interaction of biofertilizer treatment with chemical fertilizer on grain yield, crop yield and phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen adsorption traits was significant. The combined use of biofertilizers with nitrogen + phosphorus + sulfur chemical fertilizer compared to control increases grain yield by 86.85%, improves crop yield of phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen by 19.48, 12.62 and 14.90 kg / kg, respectively, and its adsorption efficiency. The elements were 42.2%, 30.01 and 36.97%, respectively. The combined use of chemical fertilizers with biofertilizer compared to control increased the leaf area index by 13.60%, increased the plant weight ratio by 23.78% and the leaf surface area. Nitrogen + phosphorus treatment compared to control showed an increase in plant growth rate of 53.64%. The best fertilizer combination in this experiment to increase the yield of whole plants was the combination of chemical fertilizer treatments containing nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur with biofertilizers.

In this research the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on essential oil content and composition of lemon balm were investigated. This research was conducted in completely block randomized design with 4 replications in 2019 and 2020. Treatments were organic fertilizers (from source of horse, sheep, cow, hen and vermicompost) and complete chemical fertilizer of NPK (20-20-20). The most essential oil content was observed in chemical fertilizer that was the same group with vermicompost and organic fertilizer from source of hen. The most of essential oil composition were myrcene, phellandrene, linalool, limonen, cis-beta ocimene, citronellal, iso-menthone, nerol, citronellol, neral, geraniol, geranial, geranyl acetate, e-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide. Citronellal, citronellol and geranyl acetate that are classified as non cyclic monoterpene, made more than 60% of essential oil content in all of treatments. In two years observed that the most significant correlation indexes were between essential oil content with linalool, limonen, citronellol, geranial and geranyl acetate. It seems that organic fertilizers increased the nutrient uptake and assimilation and consequently the amount and components of essential oil of the plant increased.

Biological fertilizers play a significant role in increasing the quantitative and qualitative yield of medicinal plants. In this research, the effects of vermicompost as well as nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers were investigated on morphological traits such as height of plant and number of nod and quantitative and qualitative functions of peppermint essential oil. A factorial study was conducted as a pot experiment under the field conditions in a completely randomized design with 4 replications in 2017. Vermicompost treatment levels (consumption and non-consumption according to the manufacturer's recommendation) and nitrogen fertilizers and phosphorus (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1) were added to the  pot soils early at planting stage. The most essential components in the essential oil (more than 70%) were Alphapinene, Limonene, Izomenton, Menthol, 1, 8 Cineol, and Menton. Analysis of variations showed significant effectiveness of the treatments. Comparison of means suggested that the best treatments were application of vermicompost and nitrogen and phosphorus (100 kg. ha-1) that improved the morphological traits such as plant heights and number of nod and also the quality and quantity of essential oils. It seems that vermicompost increased morphological traits and consequently the amount and components of essential oil of the plant.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of compost, chemical fertilizers, and different kinds of manure and their combinations on soil parameters and watermelon yield in Kerman province (Baft city). A Randomized Complete Block Design with four replication and 9 treatment:1-control 2-cow manure five ton/ha 3-poultry manure five ton\ha 4-compost five ton\ha 5-compost 2/5 ton/ha 6-250 Kg Super phosphate triple/ha,250 Kg urea/ha and 100 Kg potassium/ha 7combination of compost 2/5 ton/ha and poultry manure 2/5 ton/ha 8-combination of compost 2/5ton/ha and cow manure 2/5 ton/ha 9-combination of compost 2/5 ton/ha and 125 Kg Super phosphate triple/ha,125 Kg urea/ha and 50 Kg potassium/ha, was used. Results of Experiment show that effect of treatments wasn't significant on soil pH and bush length. The most and the lowest salinity was measured in compost treatments and cow manure respectively. Fruit yield in five ton poultry manure\ha and combination of compost & chemical fertilizers have highest yield with an average weight of 7220 grams, and control has lowest yield (weight of 5670 grams) among treatments. The effect of compost on soil salinity limited the continuous use of compost in soils which are threatened with salinity stress in Kerman province.

In order to determine the effects of water deficit stress, nitrogen fertilization and zeolite on chlorophyll fluorescence, pigments, trigonelline content and seed yield in, a split factorial experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Five irrigation regimes were randomly applied to the main plots. Subplots included six treatments and consisted of a factorial combination of three nitrogen fertilization (untreated plots, vermicompost at a rate of 2.7 ton ha-1 and nitrogen chemical fertilizer at a rate of 11 kg.ha-1) and two zeolite rates (0 and 9 ton.ha-1). The results demonstrated that (Fm), (Fv), (Fv/Fm), chl a, b, total chl content and also seed yield were significantly reduced by water deficit stress, wheras minimum fluorescence (F0), carotenoid and trigonelline concentrations were increased. In addition, the highest Fv/Fm, chl a+b content and the lowest F0 and carotenoids were observed when irrigation was done after unloading 40% of ASW. In most treatments vermicompost increased the yield (by 25.51% and 98.32% in 2014 and 2015, respectively) and grain trigonelline concentration (7.46% in 2014) in Fenugreek. Mild water stress with vermicompost treatment is recommended for the production of trigoneline from Fenugreek seeds.

The availability of iron for roots has been demonstrated as a critical factor in plant production. The addition of synthetic iron chelates to soil is a common practice in agriculture, which is not economically beneficial. Besides, chemical iron fertilizers cause many problems such as food contamination and environmental pollution. Development of natural Ferrioxamine B as an efficient and safe iron source may be the best strategy to overcome plant iron deficiency and prevention of synthetic agent pollution. The present study investigates the ability of a hydroxamate type siderophores (Ferrioxamine B) as a substitute Fe source during tissue culture of chickpea plants. For this purpose, embryo axes from chickpea seeds were surface sterilized and cultured in 1/2MS and MS culture media including 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar with Ferrioxamine B or Fe–EDTA. The root and shoot length, shoot and root dry weight, total fresh and dry weight, as well as chlorophylls a and b were analysed. Results indicated that Ferrioxamine B did not increase chlorophylls a and b in comparison with Fe-EDTA. However, rooting (22%), total dry weight (38%) and root (75%) and shoot (22%) dry weight significantly (p≤0.05) increased in MS containing Ferrioxamine B in comparison with Fe-EDTA. Consequently, Ferrioxamine B is introduced as a cost-effective and applicable Fe source to favour iron deficiency in vitro.

Inroduction & Objective: Breeding carp species included common carp, grass carp or amor, silver carp or phytophagus and bighead.This study has been doneonimpact of button mushroom compost as an alternative and fertilizer on tissues structure of four cultured warm water species. Material and For this purpose juveniles a month with an average weight of 69.60 ± 1.28g for two months in six pool werefed with button mushroom compost and fertilizers in warm water fish culture at Shahid Ahmadian Khorramshahr. During breeding,treatment groups and control were fed by button mushroom compost and chemical fertilizer. At the end of the stipulated time and biometrics,5 millimeter tissue samples removed from primary, middle and end part of the intestine.Then rutine procedure of tissue preparation was done and sections staining with (H & E), studied by light microscope equipped with Dinolite lens. The results indicated an increase in the number of mucus cells in common carp and silver carp in the treatment group, an increase in the thickness of epithelium in the bighead in the control group, an increase in muscle layer thickness in grass carp and silver carp in the control group and an increase in the length of villi in bighead and silver carp in the treatment group with compost(p≤ 0.05). Therefore, it can be reported that in the recent study, the use of compost, has a positive effect on various parts of the intestinal in most cultured warm water species, because the compounds in it make the food easy to get in the species has been studied.For this purpose, compost can be used as a suitable alternative for enrichment in cultured warm water species.

In order to investigate the effect of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of rainfed chickpea ,a research was conducted in kuzaran city in 2017, in a split plot arrangement and complete block design Randomization was performed in three replications. In this experiment, The cultivars were on main plots including, C1= Hashem and C2 = Adel and fertilizers were on sub plots ، including, F1 = control, F2 = Phosphorbarvar-2,F3 = Azotobaror -1, F4 = Azotobaror -1+ Phosphorbarvar-2, F5 = %100 Chemical fertilizers, F6 = 50% Chemical fertilizers + Azotobaror -1+ Phosphorbarvar-2,F7 = 30% Chemical fertilizers + Azotobaror -1+ Phosphorbarvar-2. The results of variance analysis showed that cultivar had a significant effect on the traits of the distance of first branch from the soil surface, number of branches per plant and 1000-grain weight per plant, and the fertilizer factor also affected the number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, the distance between the first pods from the soil surface, the distance from the first branch from the soil surface, 1000 grain weight per plant, biological yield, harvest index and yield were significant, and the interaction of cultivar on fertilizer on harvest index was significant . The highest yield was 1625.4 kg.ha-1 for treatment, 50% chemical fertilizer + Azotobaror -1+ Phosphorbarvar-2 (F5) and Adel cultivar (C2).

We investigated the impact of button mushroom compost and fertilizer on tissues structure of four cultured warm water species at Shahid Ahmadian Khorramshahr, Khuzestan Province, and southern Iran. Juveniles with an average weight of 69. 60 ± 1. 28 gr for two months in six pools with button mushroom compost and fertilizers in warm water fish culture were fed. During breeding, treatment groups and control were fed by button mushroom compost and chemical fertilizer. At the end of the stipulated time and biometrics, 5 mm tissue samples removed from the middle part of the esophagus after tissue preparing sections staining with (H & E), were studied using light microscope equipped with Dinolite lens. Number of goblet cells and thickness of epithelium of the esophagus in the treatment group were increased compared to the control group in silver carp and big head species. However, in common carp and grass carp, it was unemployed. Moreover, thickness of the muscular layer of the esophagus in four species in treatment than the control group was more of significant difference (P<0. 05).

The cultivation of rice and shrimp globally has expanded significantly due to its economic efficiency. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shrimp and rice combined cultivation on shrimp quality after salting and during its storage and rice crop. Therefore, shrimp biochemical compounds after salting were analyzed every two weeks, from week 0 to12. In addition, shrimp growth indices were calculated during raring period every two weeks (for 12 weeks) and rice morphological and performance indices were evaluated at the end of 12th week. The results of the evaluation showed that in general, all of the evaluated indices of the shrimps such as specific growth rate, conversion factor efficiency and survival percentage and also the chemical composition of shrimp bodies such as protein, crude fat and moisture content in shrimps obtained from combined cultivation with rice were favorable. In addition, rice and shrimp cultivation had significant effects on all morphological traits and rice yield, such as total leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, tiller number, tillers in each cluster, flag leaf length and width, spike length, grain yield, number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, number of filled grains per cluster and the amount of biomass of rice plants grown under combined treatment of rice and shrimp compared to chemical fertilizer treatment.