جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "goldfish" در نشریات گروه "زیست شناسی"

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of supplementation of Sargassum ilicifolium on the growth performance, blood parameters and digestive enzymatic activities of goldfish (Carassius auratus) for 60 days. Goldfish (with an average initial weight of 5.25±0.45g) were divided into four experimental treatments with three replicates (30 fish/replicate) inluding control treatment (without algae extract) and three treatments supplemented with Sargassum extracts 5, 10 and 15g/kg diet. The results showed that the highest final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and condition factor were observed in fish fed with 15g/kg S. ilicifolium extract. Hemoglobin and MCH in fish fed with diets containing S. ilicifolium extracts showed significant difference compared to control group. The levels of triglyceride and cholesterol in fish fed with control diet were significantly higher than that of fed diets containing S. ilicifolium extracts (P<0.05). The highest proteases, amylase and lipase activities were recorded in Sargassum extract at 15g/kg diet. The results of this study showed that goldfish fed the diet containing 15g/kg S. ilicifolium had better growth performance and activity of digestive enzymes compared to other groups. Therefor the administration of 15g/kg of S. ilicifolium extract is recommended to use in goldfish diet.

In this study, the effect of garlic essential oil on growth performance, hematological and biochemical parameters of goldfish (Carassius auratus) was studied. 180 goldfish with an average weight of 3.4±0.2g in four levels 0 (T0), 0.1 (T0.1), 0.15 (T0.15) and 0.2g (T0.2) of garlic essential oil per kg of diet (triplicate) were evaluated for 8 weeks. The results showed that growth performance and feed conversion ratio in experimental treatments respectively increased and decreased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05). Hematocrit, hemoglobin and white and red blood cells in treatments containing garlic essential oil increased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05). Garlic essential oil causes no significant effect on the parameters of MCV, MCH and MCHC (P>0.05). Blood protein levels in treatments fed with garlic essential oil increased significantly and blood glucose levels decreased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05). Triglyceride levels in 0.2g/kg group were lower than other treatments (P>0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme activity between experimental and control groups (P>0.05). The results of the present study show that the addition of garlic essential oil can be used as a useful dietary supplement to enhance health and biochemical indicators in goldfish.

Determination of reproductive status and knowledge in physiological situations of fish is essential to manage brooders. So, in this study, the efficacy of skin mucosal layer was investigated as the important source of biochemical and also less-invasive method to know goldfish reproductive status. In our research, fish sampling was carried out during five months and according to the histological analysis of gonad, the fish were divided into 5 stages: primary growth (I), cortical alveoli (II), early-vitellogenesis (III), late-vitellogenesis (IV) and spawning (V). Total protein, calcium, lipids (cholesterol and triglyceride) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels of mucus and plasma were measured and compared. Protein levels of mucus were significantly increased during late-vitellogenesis (P < 0.05). Mucosal calcium levels were lower than plasma. Cholesterol and Triglyceride of mucus showedsignificant enhancing during the late-vitellogenesis (P < 0.05). ALP activity was elevated in mucus more than plasma. In histological studies, the analysis of gonadosomatic index showed significant positive correlation between this factor and plasma protein as well as mucus (P < 0.01). ALP was the appropriate indicator to distinguishing vitellogenesis and spawning stages. In summary, the results of this study indicated that the biochemical factors in mucus is measurable and be considered as a less-invasive tool and alternative blood for monitoring the endocrine response, reproductive indices, and sexual stages, especially in the vitellogenesis stages.

In the present study, the effects of estrogenic genistein or 17β-estradiol (E2) was investigated on vitellogenin synthesis in mature male goldfish. Matures male goldfish received intraperitoneal injections of E2 (10 μg/g body weight), one of two genistein doses (5 μg/g body weight, G5, or 50 μg/g body weight, G50), or the injection vehicle every other day for 10 days during spermiation phase. Ten days after the first injection, blood was collected. The induction of VTG was determined in plasma of treated fish indirectly by measuring the Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), 17β-estradiol and blood serum biochemical indicators (phosphorous, calcium and triglycerides). The regression analysis revealed positive and significant relationship between ALP concentration and levels of blood serum 17β-estradiol phosphorous, and triglycerides (P˂ 0.05). However the correlation between ALP and calcium blood serume was not significant (P˃ 0.05). Our results suggest that high doses of genistein stimulates vitellogenin synthesis by increasing the levels of serum ALP. This was confirmed by positive and significant correlations among the concentrations of blood ALP and phosphorus, triglycerides and 17β-estradiol hormone.

Inroduction & Mineral materials are the most important part of the fish nutrition subjects diet because they represent a very low quantity in the diet but they have a high effect on fish physiology and metabolism. The aim of this study was investigate the effect of different level of zinc sulfate (ZnSo4) on hematocrit and hematology for assess the effects of this mineral matter on goldfish health.
Experimental diets prepared with four levels(four treatments and each treatment include three repetitions) 0, 25, 75 and 125 mg/kg. Healthy fish with average weight 3.3 ± 0.10 and average length 3.5 ± 0.2 was maintained in 400 liter tanks with temperature 28 ± 1, pH 7.5 ± 0.5 and hardness 286 ± 1.2 and feed for 60 days and end the trial hematocrit and hematology parameter was measured.
Result of analysis the hematological parameter of fish feed with different levels of zinc showed that white blood cells (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in our experimental treatments did not show a significant difference (p≥0.05) but in red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) there was significant difference between treatments (p≤0.05). Red blood cell count, hematocrit and hemoglobin in zinc sulfate treatments (treatments 2, 3 and 4) had higher values and the highest value was in group 4 (150 mg kg zinc sulfate), which there was significant difference between 2 and 3 treatments also had a significant difference with control group.
The results shows that zinc in the diet stimulate the immune system and can have positive effects on the health and hematological factors of goldfish.

Successful reproduction is one of the most important issues in aquaculture. In this regard, gamete quality is a limiting factor. Selenium improves the reproduction and immunity in all animals. In the present study, the effects of diets containing different level of Nano-Se on growth indices, gonad histology and activity of two seminal plasma antioxidants, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were assessed. Male goldfish (67/28±0/74g, n=200) were fed with 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg of Nano-Se per Kg of a commercial food for 8 weeks. The developmental stages of the gonadal were evaluated using a common histological method. HCG hormone injection was done to artificially obtain the sperm. The higher Nano-Se concentrations increased and decreased the growth and FCR, respectively. The activity of GPx and MDA in seminal plasma increased in the fishes fed the diets containing Nano-Se, and also the histological observations of the gonads illustrated an increase in spermatozoa count. Hence, 0.5 and 1 mg/Kg Nano-Se improve the growth and gonad indices and increase the activity of the antioxidant seminal plasma enzymes in goldfish.

In this study, we divided 300 goldfish (average weight: 12.30 ± 2.11 g) into 4 groups. Fish were fed diets that contained 4 levels of thyme extract: 0 (control), 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg (Thyame, LN23IN, France) for a period of 2 weeks. At the end of 2 weeks, each group of the mentioned treatments was divided into 2 groups: nanosilver-exposed group and control. In the aquarium of the nanosilver-exposed group, we prepared 0.04 mg/L of nanosilver until the end of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, body weight (BW), condition factor (CF), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate and serum biochemical parameters of glucose (mg/dl), triglycerides (mg/dl) and uric acid (mg/dl) were measured. The results showed that the nanosilver-exposed group that consumed the diet with 800 mg/kg of thyme extract had the highest percentage of weight gain (21.46 ± 0.15) and specific growth rate (0.46 ± 0.01). All nanosilver-exposed groups had lower survival rate than non-exposed groups. The condition factor (CF) in treatments that contained thyme extract in the diet was significantly higher compared with the control group (P

In this study، the extract of earthworm (Eisenia foetida) (in solvent: olive oil and vaselline) was applied as a novel healing stimulator on suture wound in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Groups were: negative control (Intact skin)، positive control (suture wound with phenytoin)، pseudo-control (sham: suture wound with solvent)، and experimental (suture wound with 10 mg earthworm extract). A 2 cm longitudinal cut was made from head to tail، and then suture was applied followed by daily treatments. After 14 days، blood samples were collected. Macroscopic and microscopic observations were also done. Meanwhile، the content of lipid peroxidation (LPO/MDA) was measured in fish blood sera. surface and microscopic observations of wounds revealed a better result for earthworm extract treatment in suture wound healing when compared with phenytoin. MDA level in goldfish blood sera was lesser in earthworm extract-treated groups compared to other groups. Earthworm extract is a new candidate in aquatic wound healing. Some factors of the extract may enter the blood and ultimately activate the antioxidant systems leading to decrease the content of LPO in fish blood sera.

Histological changes important for evaluating the effects of materials and chemical contaminants on organisms. This study revealed the histopathological changes in muscle of the goldfish in exposure to Butachlor. For this purpose adult fish were prepared from Aquaculture Center. The samples were distributed randomly in 4 glass aquaria (70 L) with stocking density of 6 fish for each. The aquaria were exposed to the Butachlor with 0.1, 0.14, 0.28 mL/L and the control (without pollutant) for two weeks. At end of the expose period, muscle below the dorsal fin were removed and fixed by Bouin’s solution, processed, embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 6µ thickness and then stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin method. Based on the histological study, changes in striation, nuclear changes, cloudy swelling, hyaline degeneration, granular degeneration and necrosis were observed. Most damage was observed at 0.28 mL/L.

Dietary effects of the synbiotic “Biomin Imbo” on survival and growth performance of the Oranda Goldfish (Carassius auratus), was studied. Increasing of the fish biomass in shorter time and less prime cost was the main aim of the recent research. For 2 months, 150 young Oranda Goldfish were fed with the symbiotic “Biomin Imbo” (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/kg in dry food), Standard length and body weight were being meseared twice a mounth (erery weeks) and growth indices including Body Weight Growth (BWG), Daily Growth Rate (DGR), Condition Factor (CF) and Special Growth Rate (SGR) were calculated at the end of the nd mounth. Results showed that the synbiotic “Biomin Imbo” increased the growth performance of the treatements and the best dosage of the symbiotic (BWG 53.76%, DGR 0.12%, CF 20.97 and SGR 0.76) in the Oranda Goldfish dry food was 2g/kg.

Today, the reproductive systems of fish as a valuable model to study the effects of the significant components of the vile endocrine disruption have been considered. This study was inspected the testis and ovary histopathological change in Carassius auratus (Goldfish) as a suitable alive model, exposed to two common pollutants Naphthalene, Butachlor. The fishes received Naphthalene, Butachlor (with doses of 200 μg/l, 0.28 μg/l respectively) during 15 days including control treatment (without the chemicals). At the end of experiment gonad tissue was examined after fixed by fixative, processed, and embedded in paraffin as sectioned at 6μ thickness. Further stained by Hematoxylin- Eosin general method. Histopathological lesions observed in the testes included degenerated germ cells, proliferation and hypertrophy of Sertoli cells, development of connective tissue, fibrosis and inhibited development of lobules, filled seminiferous tubules with fertile sperm (at Naphtalene treatment), seminiferous tubules with no fertile sperm in it (at Butachlor treatments). These markers weren’t observed in control group and indicate that environmental contaminants can disrupt reproductive system of the aquatic animals. Histopathological lesions observed in the ovary included degenerated ooytes, cytoplasmic retraction, adhesion of the oocytes, karyoplasmic clumping and its retraction within the oocytes and anucleated oocytes. In the ovary of control treatment, most of oocytes were at vitellogenesis stage, but in Naphthalene treatment the majority of the oocytes observed at previtellogenesis. In general it can be concluded that endocrine disruption has ability to change various stages of gonadal development and gamete development stages of males and females fish.

Organic pollutants are large group of pollutants that cause histological alterations in aquatic animals. These changes are used as indicators to evaluate the effect of human xenobiotic in these organisms and reflect ecosystem general health conditions. This study evaluated the pathologic alterations of gill exposed to Bisphenol A, Naphthalene, Butachlor. These Pollutants were added to aquariums containing goldfish with doses of 500 µg/l, 200 µg/l, 0.28 µl/l respectively, for 15 days, then sampling was performed on days 15. Second gill arc were removed and fixed by Bouins solution, processed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 6µ thickness, further stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining method. Based on the histological study, secondary lamella curling, lamellar capillaries dilation, complete lamellar fusion, degeneration of epithelium of filaments and second lamella in gill tissue. It seems these alterations in gills were formed to prevent pollutants to penetrate to fish body.

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of light color and music on stress indices in goldfish (Carassius auratus). The experiment was designed on random factorial test including 2 light color treatments (red and white) and 3 music treatment (M0= without music, M30= 30 min music and M60= 60 min music). According to obtained results polar effect of light and music and effect of music was not significant on fish growth, blood cortisol, glucose and calcium level (p>0.05). According to these results red color causes decrease growth at goldfish (p<0.01). red color also causes increasing blood calcium level (p<0.01). But it had not effect on blood cortisol and glucose level (p>0.05). Thus red color causes to induce stress on goldfish, but music does not induce stress on this fish and it shows that goldfish is able to recognize music from surround noise.