جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « habitat » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

To implement management plans in the landscape, it is necessary to examine the range of distribution and the approximate range of distribution of different plant and animal species. Kermanshah province plays an important role in the west of the country with its unique topographical location and the presence of numerous habitats in terms of biodiversity. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution status and analyze the fators affecting the distribution of Large -scaled Rock Agama (Laudakia nupta) in Kermanshah province.

In this study, in order to investigate the range of distribution of Large -scaled Rock Agama (Laudakia nupta), field surveys were carried out in the province and different habitats of this species during the years 2018 to 2020. Then, using the species presence data and the considered habitat variables, the modeling steps were done with the help of Ensemble modeling. In this regard, 76 species presence points along with climatic variables, vegetation and precipitation were included in the distribution models. The AUC criterion was used to the importance of variables and data integration criteria.

The results indicated that modeling was successful for both single and Ensemble models. According to the forecast in Kermanshah province, the distribution of species is most influenced by soil organic carbon, vegetation cover, and altitude.

The findings of this research show that parts of the habitat that correspond to the presence of altitudes are contiguous suitability and there are areas of the habitat that are fragmented in the southeast of the province. The higher parts of the north-west of the province are not suitable for the presence of the species, which could be due to the presence of Caucasian agama (Laudakia caucasia).

In this study the antioxidant activity and physiological properties of Clematis ispahanica from different habitats of Semnan province were investigated. Three natural habitats of this plant were identified in Semnan province (Cheshmeh Ali, Dibaj and Mojen) and leaf were sampled from plants. Chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, proline, protein, phenol, flavonoid, reducing sugars, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities were measured. Also, the antioxidant properties of plants were investigated using DPPH radical scavenging capacity. Soil analysis of all three habitats was also done. The experiment was carried out as a completely random design with 3 repetitions and comparison of the average data using Duncan's test at a probability level of 5%. The results showed that the amount of plant metabolites, including soluble sugars, phenolic compounds and flavonoids, catalase enzyme activity and antioxidant properties was the highest in Cheshmeh Ali habitat and the lowest in Mojen habitat. On the other hand, the amount of plant defense compounds including proline, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and guaiacol peroxidase enzyme activity was the lowest in Cheshmeh Ali habitat and the highest in Mojen habitat. The amount of chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanin and protein was also the lowest in the Dibaj habitat with the highest altitude above sea level. The results of this research showed that the Cheshmeh Ali habitat with the highest amount of metabolites and the lowest amount of defense compounds is the least stressful habitat, and conversely, the Mojen habitat is the most stressful habitat for C. ispahanica.

The medicinal plant of Pulicaria gnaphalodes which belongs to Asteraceae family, is a perennial, herbaceous and growing in some regions of Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the habitat and behavior characteristics of Pulicaria gnaphalodes in the ecosystem of Noferest region for 2 years to evaluate the feasibility of domestication of this species. Systematic random sampling was used to determine the percentage of canopy cover, frequency and density. Characteristics of climatic, soil, phenology, morphological and yield traits, essential oil percent and reproduction method and preference value of the plant were investigated. The results showed that this species grows in Noferest habitat with an average annual rainfall of 176 mm, an average annual temperature of 16.5°C, canopy cover of 27%, frequency of 76% and density of 1650 plants per hectare. Soil experiments showed that Pulicaria gnaphalodes prefered sandy loam soil and soil acidity and electrical conductivity were 7.9 and 0.33 dS/m, respectively.T he highest percentage of shoot essential oil (0.5%) was obtained in full flowering stage. Phenological studies also showed that the vegetative growth of Pulicaria gnaphalodes started in mid-April and continued until late September. Flowering startede in early June and continued until late September. Seed maturation also started in early July. After maturation, the seeds fell off and the stagnation period started in early October.

Lizards are one of the important elements of desert and dry ecosystems. In this research the lizard fauna of Sarpolzahab town and its outskirts was studied. During several field works a number of 82 specimens of lizards were collected from the study area. The specimens were transferred to the laboratory where they were fixed and their metric and meristic features were carefully examined using a Vernier calipers and a stereomicroscope. Later, according to these features and by the help of recent identification keys the family, genus, species and in some cases, the subspecies of each sample were identified individually. In general, in this survey 10 species of lizards belonging to10 Genera and seven Families were collected and identified based on 17 morphological characters as follows: From Agamidae, Laudakia nupta nupta and Trapelus lessonae ; from Gekkonidae, Cyrtopodion scabrum; from Phyllodactylidae , Asaccus elisae; from Lacertidae, Ophisops elegans and Acanthodocthylus nilsoni; From Uromastycidae, Saara loricata; and from Scincidae, Ablepharus pannonicus and Heremites vittatus were identified. Overall, based on the species collected here and other reports that the taxa of Lacerta media, Varanus griseus, Heremites urata and Pseudopus apodus have also been found in this area, it seems that the study area is rich in lizard fauna and it is expected that new findings will be reported in future studies.

The aim of this study was to identify environmental factors affecting the abundance and biodiversity of fish communities in the Dinor River in Kermanshah province. For this purpose, six stations were selected for sampling fish along the Dinor River in June 2018. In addition, physicochemical parameters and biodiversity indices of fish were determined. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to determine the environmental factors affecting biodiversity indices and fish species. Based on the results, a total of 2543 fish samples were caught from in Dinor River, which belonged to 20 species. Most fish species belonged to the Cyprinidae family. Alburnus sellal (with 1358 samples) and Capoeta trutta (with 1 sample) showed the highest and lowest abundance in Dinor River, respectively. Medium bedrock diameter with a coefficient of 0.65, water flow velocity with a coefficient of 0.60 and TDS with a coefficient of 0.52 were identified as the most effective environmental variables on fish abundance in the Dinor River. In addition, among the studied environmental variables, river width with a coefficient of 0.64, depth with a coefficient of 0.58, EC with a coefficient of 0.44 and TDS with a coefficient of 0.42 showed the most significant contribution to fish species diversity in the Dinor River.

Earthworms are considered to be among the largest biological resources in the terrestrial ecosystems and play important roles in ecosystems. Despite their biological, economic, and ecological importance, comprehensive information about their geographical distribution is not available in Iran. The distribution of the two dominant genera, Aporrectodea and Dendrobaena, was investigated in different habitats in Iran. Up to now, five species of Aporrectodea and seven species of Dendrobaena are reported from Iran, namely A. caliginosa (Savigny, 1826); A. jassyensis (Michaelsen, 1891); A. longa (Ude, 1885); A. rosea (Savigny, 1826); A. trapezoides (Dugès, 1828); D. byblica (Rosa, 1893); D. hortensis (Michaelsen, 1890); D. octaedra (Savigny, 1826); D. orientalis Cernosvitov, 1940; D. pentheri Rosa, 1905; D. semitica (Rosa, 1893); and D. veneta (Rosa, 1886). Based on relationship between habitat and richness of different species of these genera, the best habitat for distribution of the genera is the forest habitat. The forest habitat has more species richness than other habitats, due to higher levels of organic matter and moisture.

Various environmental factors including altitude and soil properties affect the growth and production of plants in natural ecosystems. Sweet violet (Viola odoratata L.) is a gramineous and perennial plant of the Violaceae family and grows as a wildflower in the mountainous areas of northern Iran and some other regions of the country. This study was performed to compare the phytochemical properties and antioxidant activity of Viola odoratata L. shoot and root extracts in nine habitats of Mazandaran province in March 2020. To investigate the analysis, leaf, flower and root organs of the plant in the flowering stage were collected from nine habitats of Mazandaran province along with soil samples of these areas in March 2018. After collecting the root and shoot samples at the florescence stage and preparing methanolic extract through ultrasonic method, the phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively, the antioxidant activities were assayed by Diphenyl Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the anthocyanin contents of flowers were measured by Wagner method. According to the findings, phenolic contents of the flowers and leaves decreased and increased, respectively with increasing height, and percentage antioxidant activities of the flowers increased while the amount of flavonoids was not affected by the habitat altitude. Analysis of soil properties revealed that the anthocyanin contents of flowers increased under the effect of deficient absorbable phosphorus in habitat 3 (Firoozjah Babol) and habitat 6 (Mohammadabad Behshahr). Also in the study of secondary metabolites, Sweet violets in habitat 7 had 67.95% and 86.18% antioxidant activities in flowers and roots, respectively; leaf and root phenol contents of 142.32 mg/g and 55.21 mg/g, respectively, and 6.52 μmol/g flower anthocyanin, so it can be selected as the superior region, and samples from this region can be used as gene banks in sexual and asexual reproduction.

The Persian panther(Panthera pardus saxicolor)is the largest species feline family in Iran with the widest distribution among large feline cats that is distributed in most habitats of the country.The aim of this study was to identify habitat spots and connection pathways between known spots for Persian panthers.In order to model the species presence points and 11 habitat variables were used including topographic moisture, altitude,altitude roughness, distance from main roads,distance from residential areas, peak density,vegetation density index, vegetation density roughness, Normal water difference index, sky visibility coefficient and valley depth along with presence and quasi-absence methods of classification and regression tree(CART),random forest(RF),TreeNET and MARS. All possible models were combined by the AUC method, and from the inverse of that map,the cost map was obtained, and the threshold maps were collected together,and in the algebraic sum,4different dimensions of home area of the habitat spots were determined.Corridors between habitat spots were identified using the least cost analysis(LCP)method.Connection the protected areas of the province to each other was also done from the theory electrical circuit. According to the agreement between the results of Kalmand and Bafgh protected areas,Shirkuh no-hunting area has the largest area, Siahkuh protected areas and national park the lowest area of the species habitat, respectively.In combination with the results of the analysis of the lowest cost based on habitat spots,it should be noted that the connection of habitat spots in the Bafgh Protected Area to the Kalmand Protected Area can guarantee the spread of the species in Shirkuh and Marvar areas

Qom province has a dry climate according to the Domarten classification, but some aquatic and wet habitats in different parts of the province have provided the possibility of growing various aquatic and waterfront plants. In this study, plants that grew in aquatic and moist habitats of the province were collected in different seasons of the year and, after transfer to the herbarium, were identified based on relevant botanical literature. A total of 73 taxa including four species of green macroalgae (charophytes), one species of bryophyte, and 68 species of vascular plants from different parts of the province were identified. Dicotyledonous plants accounted for 77% and monocotyledonous plants for 12% of the studied habitats. Amaranthaceae and Caryophyllaceae were the most present families. Among the collected plants, therophytes and hemicryptophytes are the most abundant life forms, followed by geophytes. In terms of phytogeographical distribution, most of the vegetations of the studied habitats were assigned to the Irano-Turanian chorotype, followed by pluriregional elements, Irano-Turanian / Mediterranean, and Euro-Siberian / Irano-Turanian / Mediterranean. Generally, the observed chorotypes revealed the ecotone situation of Qom province.

The Proveskia abrotanoides Karel is one of the valuable medicinal species in Iran, and its products have been using in the traditional culture of the people for the prevention and treatment of diseases since long time ago. In this study, in order to investigate the effect of habitat on the phenolic, flavonoid and essential oil contents, sampling of plant branches in full flowering stage with three replications were randomly done from natural habitats of Raz and Jargalan county of North Khorasan province, including Tangeh Torkman district (with height of 995 m), Goynik (with height of 1207 m) and Cheshmeh Seyed (with height of 1450 m). The results of present study showed that the effect of habitat condition was significant on the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and essential oil and Cheshmeh Seyed habitat with 115 phenolic content (mg GA/g D.W), 640 flavonoid (mg Q/g D.W) and 1.47 persentage of essential oil showed the highest amounts of these compounds, respectively which can probably be considered as confirming the beliefs of the native people of the province that they collect and consume more Proveskia abrotanoides from mountainous areas. In the study of the type and the amount of compounds of essential oil, a total of 33 compounds were identified, of which 1,8 Cineole, Camphore, Caryophyllene and Alpha-Humulene were the main compounds of essential oil in this study area. Due to the fact that the medicinal value of Proveskia abrotanoides essential oil depends on the percentage of 1,8 Cineole, Camphore and Caryophyllene, in this study it was observed that essential oil of the Cheshmeh Seyed district has a higher percentage of these compounds and it can be concluded that the best place for the growth of this plant in the region to achieve the best yield quality and quantity of essential oil is Cheshmeh Seyed habitat.

Climate change is a major driver of species extinction, shifts in species’ phenology, distribution and morphology. Considering global warming impacts on different aspects of bird’s biology, especially on resident species living in lowland and warm areas, in this study, contemporary distribution points of Green Bee-eater in Fars province were combined with climate variables. Models were constructed using the maximum entropy algorithm implemented in MaxEnt 3.3.3 software. We evaluated the impacts of climate change using the General circulation model CCSM4 along with the concentration pathways RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, RCP 8.5 from the IPCC Assessment Report 5. Climate suitability maps were constructed based on the average of ten replications by cross validation method. Modelling shows the distribution of this species is restricted to the lowlands of southern, central and western parts of Fars province and there are relatively large climatic potential areas in the southern half. Estimates of relative contributions of the climate variables to the Maxent models show that min temperature of coldest month is the most important variable, and areas with very cold winters are apparently not favorable for this species. To estimate the potential impacts of climate change on the species, the predicted potential areas in the future scenarios were compared with the current potential areas. Results predicted decline in climate suitability but no poleward range expansion. Therefore the responses of each species to future climate change is different and depends on various factors.

The study of flora characteristics and their relationship with ecological factors in habitats has a particular importance, especially in protected areas. This study aims to analyze chorological and endemism of the Central Alborz protected area flora. The study area is the slopes of Welwesht, Dahla, and Azadkouh heights in the protected area of Central Alborz, Mazandaran province. The total number of collected and identified taxa is 331, which belong to 197 genera and 46 families. During the floristic studies of the region, Nepeta azadkouhensis Saberamoli from Lamiaceae family was identified and introduced as a new species. About 49.25% of taxa are hemicryptophytes, 57.40% of all species belong to Irano-Turanian chorotype. Forty-six taxa, equal to 13.9% of all taxa, are endemic to Iran. Of these, 37 species, equal to 82.22% of endemic species, belong to the vegetation zone of Irano-Turanian. The habitat of mountain steppes, mainly with grasses and cushion-shaped plants with 24.47% of the total taxa, has the highest species richness. The results of the species richness study in the altitude classes of the endemic taxa showed that, in total, more than 70% of the taxa are located in medium to semi-high habitats. The study of the presence of endemic species in vegetation elements confirms the dominance of the Irano-Turanian vegetation zone in the region, with the significant presence and influence of European-Siberian elements.

Jashir (Prangos spp.) is a medicinal plant and native plant to some parts of Iran that is used in traditional medicine in the treatment of many diseases. This study aimed to investigate the total phenol content and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of 80 populations belonging to seven species P. hausslmechtii, P. lophoptera, P. corymbosa, P. uloptera, P. acaulis, P. platychlaena, and P. ferulacea at the flowering stage in spring and summer 2018 in six provinces of Lorestan, Isfahan, Fars, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari as a randomized complete block design. Methanol extracts of plants were obtained by the maceration method. Total phenol content and antioxidant activity were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH (1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) methods, respectively. ANOVA and Duncan's tests were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that there is a difference between populations and different species of Jashir genus in terms of total phenol content and antioxidant activity. The total phenol content of these extracts belonging to 80 populations was different and ranged from 17.59 to 1.76 mg gallic acid/g extract and their antioxidant activity ranged from 61.77 to 96.2%. The highest total phenol content and antioxidant activity were observed in populations 5 (P. acaulis) and 48 (P. platychloena), and the lowest amount obtained from populations 80 (P. platychloena) and 36 (P. platychloena). Among seven species of Prangos spp., the highest amount of total phenol content and antioxidant activity was found in P. uloptera and P. acaulis. Due to the high antioxidant properties of Prangos spp. and because of the possible carcinogenicity of synthetic antioxidants, different species of this genus especially P. uloptera and P. acaulis are suggested as suitable substitutes for preservatives. So they can be used as rich and accessible resources in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

The pheasant species in Ardabil province is located only in part of the border area of this province with Azerbaijan and is considered as an important biological species in this region. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to introduce a hybrid model of fuzzy-network analysis process in prioritizing the factors that influence the selection process of habitat by the pheasant species. The accuracy of the modeling performed in study, based on the information gathering of field and descriptive information related to 12 selective criteria in 18 habitats in Ardebil province, was also investigated. In this regard, the regression relations between the habitat valuations for each criterion were established with the population of pheasant species. Regression modeling results showed that the criteria for absence of hunter, border station and distance from the road had a significant (P <0.05) relationship with population living in habitats. The results of this analysis show a complete match with results of the model of FANP model, indicating a high degree of prioritization and modeling. Based on this, it can be stated that the habitat conditions at border are the most important element of the habitat selection, given the importance of the security cluster, by the pheasant species in area. This modeling method can be a guide for future research in this area and in other areas.