جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « prebiotic » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

Increased entry of pesticides such as chlorpyrifos into aquatic ecosystems can cause harmful damage to aquatic animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplement of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom powder on the relative expression of immune-related genes (P450 and Hsp70) in the liver tissue of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in response to chlorpyrifos toxin. In this study, 120 juveniles of Nile tilapia with an average weight of 20±0.4g were divided into four treatments in three replications and fed with diet containing 0 (control), 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% fungus for 42 days. At the end of the feeding trial, all treatments were exposed to the sub-lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos for 14 days. Liver tissue samples were taken to evaluate the relative expression on the last day of the mushroom feeding period and on the 14th day of exposure to chlorpyrifos. The relative expression of P450 in treatments of 0.2 and 0.1 were significantly increased, but the treatments of 0.05 and 0.1 after exposing to poison was not significantly different from the control group (P>0.05). Expression of Hsp70 gene in treatments fed with dietary supplement before and after exposure to toxin was significantly different (P<0.05). It increased in 0.2 treatment, but it was not significantly different in 0.05 treatment from control (P>0.05). The results of this study indicate the positive effects of Pleurotus ostreatus prebiotic dietary supplements on the relative expression of Hsp70 and P450 genes in Nile tilapia juveniles and its immune system strengthen in the face of contaminants and stressful substances such as chlorpyrifos

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different prebiotic levels of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on hematological indices of Nil tilapia exposed to silver nitrate. For this purpose, 120 juveniles of tilapia were fed with diet containing 0 (treatment 1, control), 0.05 (treatment 2), 0.1 (treatment 3) and 0.2% (treatment 4) prebiotic oyster mushroom) for 42 days. Then, 0.5ppm of silver nitrate was added to each group for 16 days. Before and after exposing to silver nitrate, fish blood indices were evaluated. Prebiotics alone had no significant effect on RBC, MCV, hematocrit and hemoglobin (P<0.05). But, treatments fed with prebiotics and exposure to silver nitrate toxin showed an increase in WBC, MCHC (in 0.1 and 0.2 treatments), MCH indices compared to the control group. According to the results, oral prebiotics stimulated nonspecific immunity in tilapia and using mushroom prebiotics reduced the destructive effects of the silver nitrate toxin on blood indices. In conclusion, levels of 0.1 and 0.2% of prebiotic oyster mushroom in treatments which exposed to 0.5ppm silver nitrate toxin could improve the blood factor status of tilapia.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of prebiotic (Fermacto) on performance and some blood parameters of broiler chicks under induced ascites. 240-old chicks from Ross 308 strain were randomly divided into three treatments and each treatment was divided into four replicates. The dietary treatments included: control and two levels (2 and 4 g/kg feed) of prebiotic (Fermacto). For ascites induction, all birds received 1.5 grams salt per liter from day 6 to day 13. The relative weight of the intestines was measured relative to the body weight at end of experiment. The birds of the negative treatments were subjected to an induction program. Prebiotic supplements were added to the feed from the 12th day of the experiment. Both prebiotic levels significantly reduced feed intake & reduced feed conversion and increased weight gain in comparison with control treatment (P<0.05). Both prebiotic levels significantly decreased the hemoglobin, red blood cells, protein and hematocrit in birds were induced ascites (P<0.05). Both prebiotic levels significantly decreased ascites and RV / TV index (P<0.05). The results of intestinal morphology indicated that the weight of the intestines (dissected from below the gizzard to the ileal cecal junction) was not significantly different between the experimental groups. in Conclusion, it is possible to successfully use a 2gg/kg diet of prebiotic (Fermacto) in broiler chickens as an effective factor in reducing functional problems and ascites mortality.

Emerging contaminants of nanoparticles in aquatic ecosystems cause stress response in aquatic animals and decrease their immune function. Therefore, use of immune stimuli such as prebiotics is very necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of prebiotic Pleurotus ostreatus on hematological indices of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to silver nanoparticles.

120 fish were distributed for 42 days in 4 treatments (3 replicates): control (1), no prebiotic fungi, treatment (2) food containing 0.05, treatment (3) food containing 0.1 and treatment (4) food contained 0.2% prebiotic. Then, 0.5 ppm of silver nanoparticles was exposed to each group for 16 days and blood parameters were examined.

Prebiotic alone had no significant effect on erythrocyte count, mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood cell (P <0.05) but exposure to silver nanoparticles and prebiotic in combination increased the mentioned factors compared to the control and prebiotic treatments alone. However, the levels of white blood cells and erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCH were higher than the other treatments in the combination of 0.2 prebiotic and silver nanoparticles.

Oral probiotics stimulate non-specific immunity in tilapia, the combined use of nano-silver and prebiotic mushrooms increase the amount of blood indices and reduce the destructive effects of nano-silver on blood indices. It is concluded that the 0.2% prebiotic level could have the best effect on the blood indices of tilapia.

The present study aimed to investigate the different levels of Galacto oligosaccharide prebiotic on growth performance and intestinal morphology of Carassius auratus gibelio. A number of 240 baby fish with the mean weight of 4.88 ±0.28 g were divided into four groups. The first group as the control was fed with basic diet (having no Galacto oligosaccharide) while the second, third, and fourth groups were fed with the diets containing 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 % Galacto oligosaccharide for six weeks. At the end of the test, the growth markers were calculated (including final weight, specific growth rate, and food conversion ratio). Then, intestinal biopsy was conducted and the mean length, width, and absorption surface of intestinal villus were measured in each treatment. The results indicated a significant effect of treatment with 2% Galacto oligosaccharide on villus length, width and absorption surface in Carassius auratus gibelio (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found between treatments in terms of growth parameters. Due to the significant effect of Galactooligosaccharide prebiotic on the increase of absorption surface in Carassius auratus gibelio as well as the relative increase of growth parameters int he fish fed with Galacto oligosaccharide than the control treatment, it seems that this substance can be used as a suitable stimulating factor of growth and feeding in the diets of red ornamental fish.

The study was conducted to evaluate effects of herbal blend used in the diet on performance of broiler chickens. 120 Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design with four experimental groups (diets) and three replicates of ten chicks each (totally 12 pens). The experimental groups were control diet and diets containing blend of thyme and cloves, antibiotic and prebitoic. Evaluated parameters were daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Results indicated that adding of blended thyme and cloves had no significant effect on daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens.

Inroduction & The aim of the study was to study the effects of different levels of prebiotic galactooligosaccharide (GOS) on antioxidantdefense system in zebrafish (Danio rerio) as model organism.
Material and A total number of 420 fish (45±0.1 mg) were supplied and randomly stocked in 60 L aquariums assigned to four treatments repeated in triplicates. Fish were with four experimental diets contain0, 0.5, 1 and 2% prebiotic for 8 weeks. At the end of feeding trial, total antioxidant activity as well as expression of antioxidant defense related genes Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD).
The obtained results revealed that administration of different levels of GOS had no significant effects on total antioxidant activity (P>0.05). Also, gene expression studies showed that CAT expression was remarkably down-regulated in fish fed 0.5 and 2% GOS (P0.05). Evaluation of SOD gene expression revealed significant down regulation in prebiotic fed fish (0.5, 1 and 2%) compared control group (P0.05).
Counclusion: Based on these results, it seems that administration of GOS in zebra fish diet downregulates antioxidant defense related genes without any effect on total antioxidant activity.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of prebiotic on growth performance and non-specific immune parameters of zebra fish. Four hundred and twenty fish (mean weight 45 ± 0.1 mg) were supplied, randomly stocked in aquaria assigned to four treatments repeated in triplicates and fed with experimental diets contain 0, 0.5, 1 and 2% prebiotic for 8 weeks. At the end of feeding trial, growth performance and feed utilization parameters (final weight, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio) as well as non-specific immune parameters (total immunoglobulin, total protein and alkaline phosphatase activity) were measured. The results revealed that dietary administration of prebiotic had no significant effect on growth performance (P>0.05). Also, the study of non-specific immune parameters revealed that inclusion of 0.5 and 2% prebiotic in diet remarkably increased total Ig (P<0.05). Feeding on 2% prebiotic significantly increased ALP activity (P<0.05). Regardless of inclusion level, prebiotic administration in zebrafish diet elevated total protein levels (P<0.05). According to these results it seems that inclusion of higher prebiotic levels (2%) increase non-specific immune parameters in zebra fish.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety effects of prebiotic isomalto-oligosaccharid on the damage of liver and gill tissues in common carp exposed to lethal concentrations of toxin butachlor. A total of 120 specimens of common carp with an average weight of 6.13±0.31 g were kept. Water physicochemical parameters were measured during the experiment. LC50 96h for toxin butachlor was obtained 0.785 on the basis of four lethal concentrations of 1.05ppm, 1.1ppm, 1.2ppm and 1.15ppm, each with three replications. The highest and widest complications were observed in primary and secondary blade gill including hyperplasia, necrosis, secondary blade attachment, destruction of secondary lamellae and secondary lamellae was bent. In liver complication of hemorrhage, necrosis, the destruction of liver cells were observed. This study showed that prebiotic isomalto-oligosaccharid can reduce the damage of liver and gill tissues in exposure to lethal concentrations of butachlor poison.

Inroduction & Prebiotics, as a non-digestible food ingredient, beneficiallyaffects the host by selectively stimulating the growth, activating a limited number of bacteria, andreducing the number of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.This study investigated the effects of xylooligosaccharide on digestive enzymes activity, body composition and intestine bacterial flora of sobaity (Sparidentex hasta.For this purpose, 405 individuals of sobaity fingerlings (45 in each replication) were prepared with an average weight of 7.64 ± 0.3 g from the Mariculture Research station of South Iranian Aquaculture Research Center. This study was carried out in a completely randomized design with three treatments and replications in fiberglass tanks with 300 liters volume. Fish were fed with feed containing 0, 0.5 and 1 percents of xylooligosaccharide for a period of 42 days. At the end of the experiment, body composition and intestine samples were collected for estimating digestive enzymes activity intestine bacterial flora and body composition. The obtained results indicated that dietary xylooligosaccharide did not change sobaity digestive enzymes activity, including alkaline protease, amylse and lipase (P > 0.05). In this study, weak, positive and no significant correlation were observed between dietary prebiotic and alkaline protease activity, amylase activity and lipase activity (P > 0.05). The results of this study indicated that different levels of prebiotic did not affect body composition including protein, fat, ash and moisture and intestine bacterial flora (P > 0.05). Overall, this study showed that digestive enzymes activity was not affected by dietary prebiotic. Moreover, the diet supplemented with 0.5 and 1 percents of xylooligosaccharide had no significant effects on body composition and intestine bacterial flora of sobaity

Introduction & Objectiv:Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common endocrine diseases and currently affects 382 million people. One of the problems with diabetes causes skin ulcers leading to amputation. Balancing the indigenous skin micro flora and reducing skin opportunistic pathogen play an effective role on preventing or reducing skin scars. Prebiotics are used in various industries to increase the resistance against disease and health promotion. The objective is to study the prebiotic effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae AT-50 cell wall to inhibit the growth of gram+ive, catalase+ive cocci isolated from normal skin between the toes in diabetics. It aims to design a method for prevention of diabetic ulcers.Healthy skin between the toes in 53 diabetic patients and 50 non- diabetic patients were sampled.Gram +ive, catalase -ive strains were isolated. Saccharomyces cerevisiae AT-50 cell wall prepared by sonicator, followed by evaluating prebiotic effect of 1.5 and 3 percent of the pure cell wall on coagulase +ive isolates using well method. The inhibition zone diameter were measured in millimeters and compared as inhibitory effects.The results showed that the total count ratio of anaerobic and aerobic isolates from diabetic and non diabetic samples was 1.44 and 1.24, and the total count ratio of aerobic and anaerobic isolates from diabetic samples were 1.55 and 1.81, respectively.Also, the number of coagulase +ive gram +ive cocci isolated from skin samples from diabetes, was 75 % more than the control sample.The skin of people with diabetes, regardless of age and sex to non- diabetic healthy skin had more favorable conditions for microbial growth, especially for coagulase +ive cocci. Inhibitory effect of prebiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae AT-50 cell wall was related to dosage. Inherent resistance was seen in diabetic patients. These results can be used in the future as a model for the prevention, reduction and control of chronic wounds such as diabetic ulcers.

Present study aims to determine suitable dose of inulin in Piaractus brachypomus fry diet and its effect on growth, survival and some hematologic indices in this species. In this research, one basic diet as control and three experimental diets including three levels of 1, 2 and 3% inulin each with three replicates were considered. Fish with mean initial weight of 2.31±0.14g were fed with experiment diets for 8 weeks. Results showed that the level of 2% prebiotic inulin in diet caused the increase of final weight gain and specific growth rate and improved food conversion rate (P

Inroduction & Prebioticdietary supplements that have the potential to reduce the harmful effects of infectious agents and have beneficial effects on host health. In this study, the prebiotic of yeast cell wall Saccharomyces cerevisiaat different levels to evaluate the blood indices and immune indices in rainbow trout juveniles were used.To conduct this study, 120 rainbow trout fry with a mean weight 3.61± 0.12 gr were randomly assigned into 12 fiberglass tub drainage volume of 100 ml distribution and breeding were given. An experiment to determine the optimum level of prebiotic effect of dietary yeast cell wall in the diet of rainbow trout fry in 1% prebiotic treatments, 1.5% prebiotic, 2% prebiotic prebiotic-free control, in a balanced design with three replications each were studied. At the end of the period rearing, blood indices and immune indices juveniles were studied.The results of some blood indices such as levels of White blood cells, Red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and neutrophil counts were not significantly different between the treatment and control groups were observed in 2% and other treatments (P0.05). The results showed that non-specific immune indices in blood, such as lysozyme and specific immune IgM and Ig statistically significant difference between treatment groups fed with 2 % prebiotic yeast cell wall with the other treatments and the control group (P Based onthese results it can be stated that the level of 2% prebiotic yeast cell wallused in thediet caused a significant increase in immune indices, andsomeblood parametersof studied, An important rolein immune function and improve blood indices of rainbow trout fry can play.

This research was carried out to assay the effects of different levels of prebiotic Immunoster (IS) on the growth indices، survival and carcass composition in farmed great sturgeon juveniles (Huso huso). After a four-week acclimatization period to rearing conditions and basal diet، 270 farmed great sturgeon juveniles weighing 95. 68 ± 10. 05 g were randomly distributed into 9 fiberglass tanks in three treatments (Control، IS 1% and IS 3%) in three replicates (completely randomized design) and kept at a density of 30 fish per tank for a period of 8 weeks. At the end of the trial، final weight، final length، body weight increase، specific growth rate، average daily growth، protein efficiency ratio، feed conversion ratio، condition factor and crude protein of carcass in fish fed on IS 3% showed significant differences compared with the control (P<0. 05). The results showed that Immunoster at two levels of 1% and 3% has an important role in enhancement of growth performance and feed efficiency in farmed great sturgeon juveniles.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of prebiotic Immunowall (IW) on the growth indices and carcass composition infarmed great sturgeon juveniles (Husohuso) for 8 weeks. After one month acclimatization period to rearing conditions and basal diet، 270 farmed great sturgeon juveniles weighing 95. 30 ± 8. 99 g were distributed into nine 2000-L fiberglass tanks in three treatments (Control، IW 1% and IW 3%) in three replicates (completely randomized design) and kept at a density of 30 fish per tank. At the end of 8th week، final weight، final length، body weight increase (BWI)، specific growth rate (SGR)، average daily growth (ADG)، protein efficiency ratio (PER)، feed conversion ratio (FCR)، and condition factor (CF) in fish fed on IW in levels 1% and 3% showed significant differences compared with the control (P<0. 05). Crude protein of carcass in fish fed on IW at 3% showed a significant increase in comparison with the control (P<0. 05). The results showed that Immunowall at level of 3% can influence enhancement of growth performance and feed efficiency in farmed great sturgeon juveniles.