جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « phytochemicals » در نشریات گروه « شیمی »

The present study aims to identify effective bioactive compounds from Caralluma europaea as potential inhibitors of EGFR. Five Caralluma europaea compounds previously evaluated for their ability to inhibit cell proliferation were tested against EGFR and compared to the industry standard inhibitor Erlotinib. In this instance, these derivatives were focused on docking studies, which discovered the specific interactions of the identified phytocompounds with EGFR. Three phytocompounds (Hesperetin, Quercetin, and Myricetin) were shown to have the highest total scores and the best energies (lowest energy level) among compounds coming from the contribution of several interactions with EGFR. These three phytochemical compounds may have a greater inhibitory potential for the EGFR than the reference control, Erlotinib. Thus, Hesperetin was able to dock deeply within the EGFR binding region, resulting in a favorable binding interaction as well as improved total scores and docking energies, which were crucial in stabilizing the docking complex conformation. The results showed that Hesperetin had an excellent ADMET profile. The current findings forecast that the natural compound Hesperetin could be a better drug candidate for pancreatic cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, and further in vitro and in vivo studies may demonstrate its therapeutic potential.

Abrus precatorius Linn is a woody twinning plant belonging to the Fabaceae family and it is an imperative medicinal plant that is a source of a variety of phytochemicals from its distinct parts which illustrate miscellaneous biological activities such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, etc. This review summarizes the isolation techniques of phytochemicals from various divisions of this medicinally viable plant in tandem with biological potency showcased by the identified phytochemicals as well as the extract procured via diverse extraction techniques. Overall, this review provides a concise and centralized guide for advancement in unearthing phytochemicals with uptrend experimental procedures and expands the biological viability of this indispensable medicinal plant.

Many plants of great medicinal values exist in our environment; many have been discovered while many are yet to be discovered. Hence, the leaves and seeds of Moringa oleifera were investigated. The phytochemical analysis of the leaves extracts of the plant, showed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, and glycosides. The percentage composition of the flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, and saponins are 4.04%, 0.85%, 0.56%, and 0.48%, respectively. The seed oil possess physical properties such as clear yellow color at 2.25 titanium disc, 4-6 C solidifying point, 6-10.4 C melting point, 1.465 refractive index at 26 C, and 0.8857 specific gravity. The seed oil also possess chemical properties which include oil yield of 40.20%, saponification value of 20.57 mg/g, saponification equivalent of 270.29, iodine value of 22.842 g/100 g, acid value of 1.122 mgKOH/g and peroxide value of zero. The saponification value revealed that the oil is suitable for industrial applications. The iodine value shows that the oil of non-drying class. Peroxide value of zero indicates the absence of rancidity by oxidation. The low acid value suggests that the oil is fresh. The UV-Visible absorbance of the ethyl acetate leaf extract indicates absorption at both ultraviolet region and visible region due to the presence of conjugation. The leaf extracts showed the presence of the major functional groups such as C=C, C-O, C=O, O-H, and N-H bonds. Thus, Moringa oleifera has nutritional, medicinal, and industrial values. Further evaluation such as 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, and GC-MS analyses should be conducted on the plant leaves so as to elucidate the names, structures and classes of the secondary metabolites present.

Dolichos pachyrhizus (Annonaceae) has been traditionally used in Africa to treat syphilis and many other microbial infections. However, no phytochemical study and antimicrobial investigations have been conducted on this species. Thus there is need for the discovery and development of new antibiotics and anifungal. The triterpenoids [Lupeol (1) and β-amyrin (2)] isolated from rhizome of Dolichos pachyrhizus (Harm) were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against some selected Gram positive bacterial, Gram negative bacterial and Fungal isolates. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extract and compounds isolated was determined using agar well diffusion method. The compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity against most of the tested bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) values ranging from 2.5 to 20 mg/ml and 5 to 40 mg/ml, respectively. The triterpenoids could be a potentially effective antimicrobial agent to combat infectious diseases. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using modern spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) to be Lupeol and β-amyrin.

This review discusses the antimicrobial potential of Curcuma longa, a plant traditionally recognized for its medicinal properties. The emerging concern over antimicrobial resistance, coupled with the adverse effects of synthetic drugs, necessitates an exploration of plant-based natural antimicrobials. Curcuma longa, commonly known as turmeric, provides a compelling case with its broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The review first delves into the phytochemical composition of Curcuma longa, focusing on its primary bioactive compounds, the curcuminoids, with curcumin being the most prominent. These compounds, along with essential oils and polysaccharides, contribute significantly to the antimicrobial properties of the plant.

The consumption of microorganisms proposed to connect metal nanoparticles is in the glow of advertising of modern nanotechnology. Performs as a biodegradable and joyful loom, designed for the assembly of nanoparticles, appreciations to which it is necessary for squat, ecological compatibility, reduced production expenses, the scalability, and stabilization of nanoparticles are compared in bodily and chemical combination. Biologically connected metal nanoparticles are almost all well-organized miniaturized, usable resources constructed and designed to perform precise functions in the company of enormous prospects. Microbes include this amazing competence towards appearance, such delicate nanostructures. This studies the exercise information of organic combination of zinc oxide and lead nitrate nanoparticles as a result of microbes. Microorganisms engage in recreation directly or indirectly in more than a few biological behaviors because metals present in soil are in constant relation to biological components. In the current study, the reported microbiological combination of nanomaterials uses organic ingredients, primarily prokaryotes and eukaryotes, such as bacteria and fungi (Escherichia coli and Aspergillusniger). Bacterial and fungal cell buildup is questioned among two different chemical salts (ZnO and Pb (NO3)2) together with metal nanoparticles should be effectively synthesized.

The current investigation examined the potential antibacterial and antihyperlipidemic properties of ethanolic extract derived from the leaves of Garcinia atroviridis (EGA). The phytochemical contents of EGA were analysed through Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (GCMS). The antioxidant properties of EGA were carried using DPPH, reducing power, and radical OH scavenging methods, whereas antibacterial activity of EGA was conducted against 4 pathogenic bacteria using agar diffusion method. To test antihyperlipidemic action, High Fat Diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidaemic rats were given EGA at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg orally for five weeks. Body weight changes, liver weight, serum lipid profile, and liver histology were assessed. The EGA contains phenols and flavonoids by 23.53±0.27 mg GAE/g and 20.48±0.39 mg QE/g, respectively. Around 15 compounds were identified where hexanoic acid (30.55%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (27.51%), and octadecanoic acid (15.49%) were compounds with the largest number. The EGA has antioxidant activity significantly different with ascorbic acid increasing %DPPH scavenging, %OH scavenging, and reducing power scavenging. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was obtained at a concentration 10% with a clear zone diameter, while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was obtained at different concentrations. This investigation was founded that EGA decreased biochemicals levels and causes liver tissue changes. Our studies demonstrate the EGA is antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antihyperlipidemic.

Wounds have a significant detrimental influence on the economics of a country’s health care system, particularly in developing nations with limited resources. However, there is no effective evidence-based treatment for wounds that may result in evident clinical results. As a result, complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) such as natural products, which include plant-derived extracts (phytochemicals), and naturally derived substances have intrigued the attention of researchers. Numerous plant extracts and their phytoconstituents are recognized as viable options for wound healing because they possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, angiogenic, and cell synthesis-modulating properties. Additionally, using plants with medicinal characteristics to treat wounds has been demonstrated to be effective in combating infection and accelerating wound healing. Thus, this study strives to fill the gaps in the current literature and provides researchers the creation of safe, efficacious, and universally acknowledged herbal medications for a vast array of cuts and wounds.

Euphorbia helioscopia, a traditional medicinal herb, possesses various pharmaceutical applications for human diseases. In the present study, the ethanol and hexane extracts of E. helioscopia leaves were subjected to phytochemical screening to identify the presence of secondary metabolites. The concentrations of alkaloids, phenols, and flavonoids were determined quantitatively to evaluate the medicinal properties of the plant extracts. The ethanolic extract showed a higher yield of various secondary metabolites, specifically, phenol showed a high degree of precipitation. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were then green synthesized from the leaf extract and characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The presence of elemental silver is confirmed by the sharp peaks in the UV-Visible at 442 nm. The FTIR spectrum showed the presence of various functional groups from the plant extract that fabricated and activated the AgNPs. The synthesized NPs were found to be spherical with slight aggregation in the SEM micrograph. The crude plant extracts and AgNPs were compared for antibacterial activity at various concentrations. AgNPs exhibited higher inhibitory activity against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens than the crude extracts. The enhanced activity of AgNPs may be attributed to the phenolic content of the plant extracts. Hence, the present study confirms that E. helioscopia leaves have potential antimicrobial activity and also act as an efficient source for AgNPs with remarkable pharmacological properties that can be further evaluated to develop them as a promising drug candidate.

The species of the genus Tetracera are utilized as remedies for various illnesses and infections including backache, haemorrhoids, diabetes, jaundice, scurvy, cough, and tooth pain. The root, stem bark, and leaves of these medicinal plants display several physiological activities. The phytochemicals reportedly present in the species include tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, phlobatannins, terpenoids, and flavonoids. Ethanol extract or fraction of plants in this genus mostly yielded flavonoids with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. However, few compounds have been isolated so far from the species, which include pentacyclic lupane-type triterpene derivatives and flavonoids, of which betulinic acid remains the mostly investigated compound. This review documented up-to-date information on folkloric uses, isolated compounds, and pharmacological activities of medicinal plants in Tetracera species.

Leaves of Lannea velutina are used to treat several human pathologies, such as high blood pressure (HBP) and oxidative stress. Rich in bioactive components that promote prevention and therapy, herbal medicines are affordable and have no adverse effects. This work aims to evaluate the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and acute toxicity of water, methanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and hexane leaf extracts of L. velutina by using suitable experimental paradigms. This shrub's leaves include sterols, saponosides, flavonoids, and tannins, as revealed by a high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) profile. The methanol extract exhibited a significant highest total phenolic (533.9 ± 5.05 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoid (59.4 ± 0.6 mg QE/g DW), and condensed tannins (86.9 ± 0.05 CE/g DW) content compared with ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts. By using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capability experiment, the methanol extract demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity (AAI = 2.60) among the other extracts. There was a strong association between flavonoid concentration and hydrophilic antioxidant activity (r = 0.96). The acute oral toxicity test of ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts on mice was evaluated by using Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines 423. All investigated extracts exhibit a lethal dose (LD50) estimated higher than 2000 mg/kg body weight. This study constitutes a solid scientific basis that could justify the traditional uses of the leaves of L. velutina as a natural source of phenolic compounds for high blood pressure management.

The infections resistant to the current antimicrobials are becoming more prevalent today. So, in an attempt to discover the novel pharmacologically active scaffolding for the development of anti-microbial agents, five naturally simple coumarins were isolated from Allsweet watermelon seeds using four solvents (acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane, and ether). In this project, three extraction approaches were used as dynamic, microwave-, and ultrasonic-promoted maceration, and each one was achieved in three patterns, which were non-serial, as well as serial ascending-and descending-organized polarity. Relying on the phytochemical-screening data, only one of the 30 obtained extracts was picked to isolate the simple coumarin-based scaffolds. The chemical backbones of these isolates were depicted by comparing their spectral findings with those reported in the literature. The in vitro antimicrobial investigations were performed on the separated compounds using a broth dilution manner. This investigation was conducted against six pathogenic aerobic Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as a non-pathogenic one, using Ciprofloxacin as a control, four anaerobic bacterial strains utilizing Metronidazole as a control, and two fungal strains utilizing Nystatatin as a control. The results showed that the extracted simple coumarins have hopeful antimicrobial potential against the pathogens tested, with product RA4 outperforming the others. In addition, based on the PF values, the separated compounds revealed favorable bactericidal as well as fungicidal properties. According to these research findings, these advent natural, simple coumarins may serve as a useful scaffold for preparing novel anti-microbial medicines.

Citrullus lanatus is a fruit that is eaten and carries many by-products like rind and seeds that are abandoned and fed to animals. Numerous studies have demonstrated the bio-medical properties of Citrullus lanatus by-products, making it a superior choice of natural source for medicinal products. Citrullus lanatus by-products’ medical properties are due to their pharmacological significance, related to the availability of essential phytochemicals such as saponin, alkaloids, fatty acids, phenolic, citrulline, lycopene, coumarin, minerals, and other natural products. Gastrointestinal ulceration, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, and many kinds of malignancies have been treated with these by-products extract. The following review aimed to provide a thorough summary of the advantages of Citrullus lanatus by-products in the management of different ailments.

The objective of this study was to extract the seed and plant of Momordica charantia Linn. with methanol using soxhlet apparatus, phytochemically screen the methanol extracts using standard procedures, determine the acute toxicity of the methanol extracts of seeds and plant in Wistar strain rats by Lorke’s method and evaluate the abortifacient activity on adult nonpregnant albino rat in-vitro. The phytochemical screening of both the methanol seed and plant extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, cardenolides and saponins for seed, while carbohydrates, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, cardenolides, saponins and flavonoids were present in the plant extract. The intraperitoneal LD50 of seed and plant extracts were calculated to be 288 mg/kg and 714 mg/kg respectively. The abortifacient activity of Momordica charantia of both plant and seeds were investigated in induced contraction on the uterus in an organ bath setup. Oxytocin was used as a standard. The seed and plant extracts in a dose dependent manner induced contraction, the amplitude of contraction and percentage increase were independently significant (p<0.05). The result showed the synergistic activity between oxytocin and the plant extract. It may be concluded that the methanol seed and plant extracts of M. charantia induced uterine contraction, thus having abortifacient activity and this justifies this claim in traditional medicine.

Tuberculosis remains a significant infectious disease-causing over 1.8 million deaths a year, making it one of the world’s most deadly human pathogens. Phytochemicals from natural products are intensely becoming alternative sources of antimicrobial agents with striking mechanisms of action and common side effects compared to synthetic drugs such as isoniazid (−4.7 kcal/mol), pyrazinamide (−4.4 kcal/mol), and ethambutol (−4.5 kcal/mol). Isolated phytochemicals from the bark of Syzygium cordatum were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis through molecular docking. It was observed that quite a number of the phytochemicals have good binding affinities much better than those of the commonly used first-line drugs. Pharmacokinetics analysis of these phytochemicals revealed that binding affinity alone is not enough to prove the potency of a promising drug candidate. Only 7 compounds among the 18 screened compounds passed all the analyses and are identified as potential mycobacterium tuberculosis (4RHT) inhibitors. This study thereby recommends Arjunolic acid (−8.2 kcal/mol), Caffeic acid (−5.8 kcal/mol), Cinnamic acid (−5.6 kcal/mol), Epifriedelinol (−8.9 kcal/mol), Friedelin (−8.8 kcal/mol), Hexahydroxydiphenic acid (−6.6 kcal/mol) and Sinapic acid (−5.3 kcal/mol) as potential inhibitors of mycobacterium tuberculosis (4 RHT) with better pharmacokinetics and bioavailability.

Dolichos is a genus of twining plants found in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres, with the most frequently grown and used species being Dolichos biflorus and Dolichos lablab. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-schistosomal, and anti-inflammatory properties have been reported in various parts of the Dolichos species, including the leaves, roots, bark, and stem. The rhizome of Dolichos pachyrhizus was cut, air-dried at ambient temperature, and macerated with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol for 72 hours each using a conventional maceration procedure, with regular shaking at intervals. The mixture was decanted, filtered, and concentrated at 40 °C using a rotavapor to yield crude n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts (R110). To obtain the pure isolate, a methanol crude extract of the rhizome of Dolichos pachyrhizus (D. pachyrhizus) was chromatographed on a silica gel column using various eluents. The preliminary phytochemical investigation of the methanolic rhizome extract of Dolichos pachyrhizus revealed the presence of seven (7) different phytochemicals, including; - alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, saponins and steroids. The structure of the pure isolate was successfully identified, characterized and confirmed using spectroscopic techniques such as; - Fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR), Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) be Neoduline.

Plant phytochemicals appeared to be a promising tool to address resistance and environmental problems posed by synthetic insecticides. This study explored the larvicidal effects, and synergistic toxicity of Ficus sycomorus and Calotropis procera leaves on African malaria vector, Anopheles species sourced from agricultural fields in Kano-Nigeria. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals were determined using standard methods. Late third Instar larvae (L3) of Anopheles mosquitoes were subjected to bioassay at various concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mg/mL) of ethanol extracts using the WHO standard protocol with some modifications. The synergistic potential was predicted using mathematical model. The extract of F. sycomorus revealed the highest concentration of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and phenols, while C. procera extract had high concentration of glycosides and tannins. However, only alkaloids concentrations (15.41 mg/mL and 7.7 mg/mL) was statistically significant between the two plants (p <0.05). The bioassays show high percentage mortalities in both plants with C. procera extract being more toxic (LC50=0.51 mg/mL; ꭓ2=0.83; 95% confidence limits, CI: 0.30-0.84; p>0.05) on Anopheles larvae than F. sycomorus extract (LC50=1.01 mg/mL; ꭓ2=0.920; 95% confidence limit, CI: 0.50-2.05; p>0.05). The binary combination (concentration LC25:LC25) of the two plants produced promising results of higher mortality than individual highest extract concentrations (LC50=0.38 mg/mL; ꭓ2=0.72; 95% confidence limits, CI: 0.23-0.61; p>0.05) due to possibly synergistic effect of the two plants (X2=13.33). The percentage mortalities in all the crude extracts tested were concentration dependent. It is evident from this study that crude extracts of F. sycomorus and C. procera have promising individual and synergistic larvicidal bioactivities and hence, can be employed in integrated approach for vectors resistance management.

The geographical distribution consequences on phytochemical constituents of the fruit extract of Zanthoxylum armatum collected from the different altitude of Nepal (tropical to temperate elevation arrange), and their antimicrobial properties were investigated via GC-MS and disc diffusion method. The samples were collected from the lower tropical region (Dang: 300-1000m), subtropical regions (Makwanpur and Surkhet: 1000-2000m), and temperate region (Salyan: 2000-3000m). The ethanol extract in the Soxhlet extractor was concentrated in a rotary evaporator. Among the extracts, a total of 12, 23, 16, and 10 compounds were identified in the samples collected from Dang, Makwanpur, Surkhet, and Salyan respectively. The geographical variation showed differences in the composition of the constituents of the extracts. Mainly, cis-9-hexadecenoic acid (palmitoleic acid) 11.19-27.69%, linalool 9.02-23.93%, and methyl cinnamate 13.56-19.42% were detected as the dominant compounds with variable composition. The antimicrobial property of all the specimens from Dang, Makwanpur, and Salyan, exhibited a quite satisfactory zone of inhibition against tested bacteria and fungi although the sample from Salyan was found to be more effective compared to others even having the similar phytoconstituents. The higher efficacy of antimicrobial properties of extract collected from Salyan (highest altitude) was due to the presence of palmitoleic acid (27.69%) at higher content. The antifungal and antibacterial efficacy appeared to relate with the antimicrobial activity of the major compounds, (linalool, methyl cinnamate, and palmitoleic acid). Furthermore, the pharmacological properties of the detected compounds justified the traditional use of this plant and helped to claim it a wonder plant.

Phytochemical and antimicrobial analysis of Moringa oleifera seeds were carried using standard laboratory procedures. The phytochemical content showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, and steroids respectively as samples contained 5.85g alkaloid, 5.97g flavonoid, and 1.46g saponin. Anti-microbial screening with certain selected human pathogens and the zones of inhibition obtained showed that alkaloids were 3mm, 3mm, 2mm, 4mm, & 5mm, flavonoids were 6mm, 5mm, 4mm, 2mm and 7mm and saponins were 4mm, 3mm, 3mm, 6mm and 5mm for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aureginosa, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptocuccus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 6.5mg/cm3, 12.5mg/cm3, 12.5mg/cm3, 6.5mg/cm3 and 12.5mg/cm3 for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aureginosa, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptocuccus aureus respectively. This finding shows that the application of the seed extract of Moringa oleifera for potential therapeutic use and medicinal drugs in treatment of pneumonia, urinary tract infection and a host of other diseases in humans.

Cheilocostus speciosus (J.Koenig) C.D.Specht has been commonly used in many indigenous clinical complications to healing various ailments. A list of phytochemicals has been extracted and identified with multiple pharmacological and therapeutic properties from the different parts of C. speciosus (J.Koenig): sterioidal and furostanol saponins, sterioidal and furostanol glycosides, triterpene, phytoserol, sesquiterpenes, benziquinone, and fatty acid esters. Compared with other parts of the C. speciosus (J.Koenig), rhizomes are most extensively studied for their anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, astringent, depurative, expectorant, febrifuge, purgative, and toxin neutralizing properties. Generally, this plant has been reported to have a range of pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and anti-diuretic, anti-larvicidal, anti-stress, and estrogenic. These findings are highly promising and indicate that the plant needs to be carefully investigated for its diverse therapeutic benefit and associated toxicities and tolerance level. The present review will discuss geographical mapping, morphology, traditional, phytochemistry, and pharmacological prospects of C. speciosus (J.Koenig).