جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Sustainable development » در نشریات گروه « محیط زیست »

Organizations are affected by changing and competitive needs, regional and global laws and regulations, customer requirements as well as stakeholder expectations, and to achieve and achieve their desired results, need effective and efficient methods and systems. Therefore, the establishment of an integrated management system with different approaches such as quality, environment, safety and other issues required by the organization will be a desirable solution. Integrated management systems are actually aimed at integrating and integrating the three systems; Quality management, environmental management and safety management have been proposed in order to achieve a comprehensive management system. Organizations with the idea of continuous improvement and superior and creative attitude in scientific and correct management of resources need to implement this system.

The research method is combined and based on exploratory mix (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative part was 40 elite professors in the field of management and in the quantitative part was 560 artisans of Qazvin province. Relative cluster sampling method was distributed among 350 samples. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by face and content method and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with SPSS and AMOS software.

The results of the qualitative section indicate that the model of promoting lean integrated management based on sustainable development in 4 dimensions of program, implementation, control and improvement is based on 5 axes. 

Discussion and Conclusion

Elements of promoting lean integrated management include three levels: a) Macro: cultural level promotion, technological upgrade, integration of management systems, systemic attitude, attention to the biological ecology of the organization, b) intermediate level: purposeful communication with other industries, Develop integrated strategies, pay attention to organizational changes in organizational management decisions, align the organization to achieve goals, create organizational affiliation, accountability and management commitment, goal setting, c) Micro level: empowerment of human resources, organizational justice, establishing knowledge management, employee participation, management Performance, continuous improvement, 2- Underlying factors: managerial characteristics, economic conditions, environmental conditions of the organization, social culture 3- Interfering factors: political factors, economic factors, social factors, biological factors, 4- Consequences: economic, social, environmental 5- Continuous improvement strategies.

The decline in environmental quality has raised public concern about environmental issues. Even in the greenest countries, policymakers face the significant challenge of understanding why environmental policies are often ineffective in addressing these problems. According to the 2024 Global Environmental Performance Index, Iran ranks 133rd out of 180 countries, reflecting a poor global standing and numerous environmental crises, including ecosystem conversion, biodiversity loss, increasing dust storms, drying wetlands and lakes, water resource depletion, land subsidence, and air and soil pollution. Contributing factors include a lack of robust development plans, ineffective environmental policies, outdated laws and regulations, and inadequate coordination among agencies and organizations. These issues underscore the urgent need for effective environmental policymaking to address the growing crises. This study, recognizing the importance of the formulation stage in public policymaking, proposes a model for developing environmental policies in Iran to address these challenges and reduce environmental pollution.

This study employed a qualitative research approach, incorporating both library and field research methods for data collection. Data were gathered through note-taking and expert interviews. The analysis was conducted using a thematic analysis strategy, chosen for its ability to extract meaningful insights from qualitative data, such as interview transcripts. The coding and thematic analysis process followed a comprehensive, step-by-step approach. Using purposive sampling, the research team interviewed 13 experts, including university professors, environmental researchers, executives from the Environmental Protection Organization, and managers involved in environmental policymaking. The interviews continued until thematic saturation was achieved, indicating no new themes or concepts were emerging. To ensure reliability, the test-retest reliability index was applied to the coding of the interviews. In this approach, a few randomly selected interviews were coded and then re-coded after a certain period to compare the consistency of the codes. This technique helped verify the reliability of the thematic analysis process.

The study results indicate that a model for formulating environmental policies to achieve sustainable development comprises eight key themes: economic factors, social factors, environmental factors, political factors, legal requirements, institutional capacity, key stakeholders in policy formulation, and the process of formulating environmental policies. Each theme plays a crucial role in policy development. Addressing environmental issues without a collective approach to these themes is likely to be ineffective. A fragmented approach to implementing these themes can lead to disruptions in development and significant harm to environmental resources. The results emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach that considers all these factors to effectively address environmental challenges and work toward sustainable developmen.

To effectively tackle environmental crises, a holistic approach must be embraced in environmental policy formulation. Social, political, legal, and institutional factors must be carefully considered to avoid severe challenges and complications. Active participation from community organizations, NGOs, citizens, and local stakeholders in policymaking can play a significant role in resolving environmental issues. This requires not only the restructuring of institutional frameworks to strengthen environmental governance but also a review of existing legal systems to ensure they are conducive to effective policymaking. It also highlights the importance of combining bottom-up and top-down policies to improve environmental performance indicators. Bottom-up opportunities from local communities and civil society, along with top-down engagement from legislative, executive, and judicial branches, are critical to shaping effective policies.

In the twentieth century, with an emphasis on the principle of sovereign equality of states, a framework for global trade was established. Simultaneously, the importance of achieving balanced development between industrialized and developing countries was highlighted. This period witnessed the integration of development and global trade, alongside a significant increase in the production and international exchange of goods, which unfortunately caused considerable environmental damage. This situation revealed the necessity for more stringent environmental care and control within the structure of global trade. The concept of sustainable development emerged as a bridge between development and trade and quickly gained attention, leading to the formulation of multilateral environmental agreements within the framework of international environmental law. This article examines how sustainable development has been adopted and transformed into a global strategy, its influence on international policies, laws, and documents, and its implementation in international judicial processes. Nevertheless, the facilitation of environmental agreements by the rules of the world trade organization remains unclear, and the inconsistencies between trade practices and environmental measures have rendered the legitimacy and credibility of some of these actions ambiguous. This has led to conservatism and uncertainty in the implementation of environmental agreements, indicating that sustainable development can only be effectively applied in trade policies when it is integrated and intertwined with its constituent elements.

Rural development is one of the important bases of national development of any country and people's participation in this process is important. Different countries have paid attention to this issue in the form of local governments and by delegating powers and responsibilities. With the approval of the law on the establishment of self-sufficient in the country's villages in 1998, there have been changes in the country's rural management. Since 2004, the villagers have taken charge of the village administration as the new trustees. The goals of this research was to investigate the role of rural assistants in the process of management and development of rural with an emphasis on environmental protection issue. The current research is of applied research type and analytical-descriptive method. The findings showed that the most crucial factors affecting the role of rural assistants in sustainable rural development are economic, cultural and social, environmental and infrastructure variables. Therefore, the village councils, with the participation of the people and the use of the power and talent of women and men in the councils and village councils, pay attention preventing the destruction of pastures, to the protection of forests, monitoring water harvesting.

The necessity of addressing the environment in the oil industry and related industries becomes clearer when we realize that it is impossible to move in the direction of continuous industrial improvement without paying attention to the environment. Environmental issues are a completely cross-sectoral issue and all members of the society, especially organizations and institutions, should take advantage of the power and efficiency of their organizations in preserving and maintaining the environment as a public duty from any activity that is related to pollution or prevent irreparable destruction of the environment. The aim of this research is to design an integrated management model for the country's energy sector with an emphasis on environmental policies.

This article is a qualitative research. The statistical sample of the research (elite) has been selected as a cluster from among the members of the statistical community. In this way, the statistical population was first divided into different clusters (cluster of faculty members, cluster of oil sector managers, experts in the field of oil industry in 1400), then, according to reaching data saturation, a total of 25 experts were interviewed. To analyze the data in the interviews section, three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding have been used. Data analysis has been done according to the grounded theorizing method after conducting the interview, during three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding. To do this, Maxqda software was used.

Based on the findings of this research, 18 components were extracted from the 101 primary concepts in the axial coding and finally, in the selective coding stage, 5 main categories were extracted under the headings of social dimension, technical dimension, economic dimension, environmental dimension and legal dimension. political and legal were selected as the dimensions of the integrated management model of the country's energy sector in the final model.

Environmental and international policies can reduce the pollution of the energy sector, including oil, and the legal measures carried out at the international level can control and monitor the environment. Institutional and political factors play a key role in promoting the transition to renewable energy, and improving these factors can lead to decarbonization of the energy sector in the long term. Global financial development has no significant long-term impact on the transition process, which means that the entire financial system needs a fundamental structural change to accelerate the substitution between polluting and clean energies. However, in the short term, the impact appears to be negative and significant, highlighting the inadequacy of financial institutions and financial markets in promoting a sustainable path in the region.

Greenhouse refers to a limited space that has the ability to control the appropriate environmental conditions for the growth of plants in different areas during different seasons of the year. Rapid economic and cultural growth, population growth, soil and water constraints, the community's need for food, the existence of large consumer markets and the interest in producing off-season crops in recent years have led to the development of greenhouse crops. But choosing the wrong place to build a greenhouse leads to a waste of capital and the failure of these goals. The purpose of this study is to find the optimal location of the greenhouse in Asadabad plain with a sustainable development approach.

Due to the existence of numerous and effective parameters –for the performance of greenhouses, the technique of multi-criteria analysis has been used to find a suitable location. Also, due to the uncertainty in the behavior of natural parameters, fuzzy logic has been used to model the effect of the parameters.

The results show that of the total area of Asadabad plain, 10% are in a very good condition, 39% are in a good condition (suitable with restrictions) and 51% are in a bad condition in terms of greenhouse construction.

Relying on spatial analysis can reduce the investment risk for greenhouses and lead to environmental sustainability.

In the contemporary world, the development of rural tourism is considered an effective step in economic prosperity, creating incentives and economic attractions for the investors of eco-tourism residences, which, while promoting sustainable tourism, helps preserve the value of It is considered one of the methods of tourism development to provide the natives of the rural textures of the region. Therefore, the current research, with the aim of sustainable development of rural tourism in Mazandaran, deals with finding the best modern building structure in terms of compatibility with the construction indicators of ecotourism residences.

the research is an applied one in terms of its purpose and is a descriptive-survey in terms of its nature, in which the combined analysis method is used. The information is collected through library research and survey methods. The researcher-made questionnaire were completed by 12 architecture and structures experts. In the quantitative section, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) parametric test was used to determine the opinion of experts, then LSD and Duncan post hoc tests were used to determine whether there is any significant relation between different structures. The current research was carried out in the territory of Mazandaran province and in the period of Farvardin 1400 to Khordad 1401.

the results of the analysis of structures based on the specifications of "Technical theory" in the construction of ecotourism residences show that LSF and 3D-PANEL structures are the most optimal structures.

One of the factors influencing the growth of rural tourism is the construction of eco-tourism residences in accordance with the principles of native architecture. In order to attract investors in such projects; Localizing modern structures and using them instead of traditional structures by high construction speed can lead to fast return on investment and also it can predispose maintaining and improving the physical values of the village. It seems that due to the similarity of the selected structures in the research findings in terms of technical, economic, industrial and cultural justification with the native structures of Mazandaran; it is possible to create job opportunities by taking the help of local structural experts and collaborative implementation.

With the emergence of neighborhoods as spots of urban life, the realization of sustainable development was pursued only in the form of neighborhood development and on a local scale, and in continuation of the global thinking, think locally and act locally. The ultimate goal of sustainable neighborhood development is the connection between social and physical capital. This means that social processes are used for the purpose of identity and physical structure and creating capacity for future development. In other words, planning with the people and not for them is the key element of neighborhood development.The purpose of this study is to investigate Spatial analysis of the effects of land use distribution in sustainable development of the city of Tabriz. The purpose of this study is applied research and in terms of method is descriptive - analytical and to collect data, documentary and field studies (observation, interviews and questionnaires) have been used. The population consisted of urban households in urban areas of Tabriz, which according to the census of 1395 had 1558693 households and 497898 households, and a population of 396 households was selected as research sample using the Cochran formula. The reliability of the research tool was calculated by cronbach’s alpha coefficient which showed good reliability. To analyze the data, the mean, structural equation and saw decision making technique were used. The results showed that, in terms of sustainable development, region 8 with 0.115 grade, region 2 with grade 0.110 and region 1 with 0.108 scores were ranked first to third.Examining the condition of the neighborhoods in the ten districts of Tabriz metropolis showed that the neighborhoods in District 8, District 2, and District 1 have good sustainable neighborhood development compared to other urban areas and access to all types of urban uses (educational, health and medical) , sports, recreation, commercial-commercial, suitable housing, infrastructure and basic services, etc.) are easily possible and these components have a positive effect on the economic, social, physical and environmental dimensions and ultimately the stability of the neighborhood. has had in these areas. In addition to these, in these areas, the social identity of the citizens, social participation, connection and belonging, the existence of personal and social security at the local level, the level of employment and productive income, quick access to urban public transportation, the presence of green and open spaces, the amount Low pollution caused by industries and urban transportation, the existence of a suitable landscape, access to educational services, recreation and leisure, health services, access to suitable housing, and the existence of infrastructure facilities and services have a favorable status compared to other urban areas. And the research respondents in these areas were fully satisfied with the existence of different urban land uses and citizens' access to itIn terms of the impact of land use in the development of neighborhood sustainability, indexes of entertainment and leisure with 3.91 test value have the highest impact on the fulfillment of sustainable development of urban neighborhoods in the study area, and generally in sustainable development of urban localities in Tabriz metropolis, physical indices and infrastructure are more intelligible.Also, the spatial analysis of the effects of urban land use distribution at the level of urban areas and its impact on the sustainable development of neighborhoods in the studied area from the point of view of the citizens showed that, in this area of citizenship identity indicators with a T value of 2.56, the existence of citizens' social participation With a T value of 2.42, the existence of green and open spaces in the city neighborhoods with a T value of 2.78, the presence of recreational and leisure places with a T value of 3.91, access to health and treatment with a T value of 3.33. , infrastructural facilities and services with T value of 3.03 and... have had the greatest impact on realizing the sustainability of the development of urban neighborhoods in the ten regions of Tabriz metropolis. However, among these indicators, "the presence of places of recreation and leisure time and access to health and treatment" has received more attention from the citizens due to the spread of the Covid-19 disease (Corona) in the last one year in the whole world. So that the spread of corona virus has created an unprecedented stress among the citizens, and the citizens and the communities in general are aware of the importance of the existence of health and treatment facilities and places of recreation and leisure in different parts of the cities. have taken and even believe that with this structural change that happened with the spread of this infectious disease in the world and especially in big cities, access to health and treatment facilities (such as: hospitals, clinics, doctors' offices, laboratories, etc.) is very important for the stability of urban areas Also, with the spread of the corona virus and the increase in the number of people infected with this virus in the city of Tabriz, many small-scale businesses were closed, and people who, without employment insurance, do not have access to medical services and care systems, people who work in informal sectors, or work as workers in private, semi-private companies, etc., have faced the risk of poverty and deprivation more And for this reason, in order to prevent these disasters, the existence of health and treatment uses in order to deal with this disaster is one of the necessities of neighborhood development. Also, the results showed that the structural model developed in this research to investigate the impact of land use distribution on the sustainability of urban areas has a desirable and acceptable quality.According to the results of the research, suggestions are presented as follows to be considered by planners in the direction of neighborhood sustainability; 1) Development of health and treatment uses in order to prevent all kinds of infectious diseases and reduce the stress of citizens, 2) Increasing the use of sports, leisure, parks, etc. for the use of citizens and reducing the effects of staying at home during During the period of Covid-19 disease and 3) increasing the participation of citizens in development programs and accompanying them in various stages of formulation, implementation and monitoring of urban development programs, etc.

Mining and extraction of mineral resources, in addition to being a global industry, it also plays an important role in the economy and destiny of any country. Due to the fact that mining operations are carried out in remote and environmentally sensitive or less developed areas, we cannot ignore the important point that it causes many problems such as surface water and ground water pollution and aquatic mortality. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, in addition to creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In the case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, so creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. Green mining is a modern type of mining model whose main goal is to extract resources optimally and in sufficient quantity, reduce environmental impacts, create balance and optimize the benefits of investment and society based on sustainable development indicators introduced by the United Nations (SDG). Mining is one of the oldest human activities that has been responsible for the economic, cultural and technical development of societies and countries throughout history. The goal of the indicators introduced by the United Nations is to achieve sustainable development in mining and to take into account all aspects that are effective in the lives of the residents around the mines, including economic, social and environmental aspects. In this descriptive-library research, the compatibility between mining activity and SDGs and the relationship between mining and the surrounding environment are investigated and discussed. First, the dimensions of development are defined and finally, sustainable development indicators are examined.Mining and extraction of mineral resources, in addition to being a global industry, it also plays an important role in the economy and destiny of any country. Due to the fact that mining operations are carried out in remote and environmentally sensitive or less developed areas, we cannot ignore the important point that it causes many problems such as surface water and ground water pollution and aquatic mortality. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, in addition to creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In the case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, so creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. Green mining is a modern type of mining model whose main goal is to extract resources optimally and in sufficient quantity, reduce environmental impacts, create balance and optimize the benefits of investment and society based on sustainable development indicators introduced by the United Nations (SDG). Mining is one of the oldest human activities that has been responsible for the economic, cultural and technical development of societies and countries throughout history. The goal of the indicators introduced by the United Nations is to achieve sustainable development in mining and to take into account all aspects that are effective in the lives of the residents around the mines, including economic, social and environmental aspects. In this descriptive-library research, the compatibility between mining activity and SDGs and the relationship between mining and the surrounding environment are investigated and discussed. First, the dimensions of development are defined and finally, sustainable development indicators are examined.Mining and extraction of mineral resources, in addition to being a global industry, it also plays an important role in the economy and destiny of any country. Due to the fact that mining operations are carried out in remote and environmentally sensitive or less developed areas, we cannot ignore the important point that it causes many problems such as surface water and ground water pollution and aquatic mortality. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, in addition to creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In the case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, so creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. Green mining is a modern type of mining model whose main goal is to extract resources optimally and in sufficient quantity, reduce environmental impacts, create balance and optimize the benefits of investment and society based on sustainable development indicators introduced by the United Nations (SDG). Mining is one of the oldest human activities that has been responsible for the economic, cultural and technical development of societies and countries throughout history. The goal of the indicators introduced by the United Nations is to achieve sustainable development in mining and to take into account all aspects that are effective in the lives of the residents around the mines, including economic, social and environmental aspects. In this descriptive-library research, the compatibility between mining activity and SDGs and the relationship between mining and the surrounding environment are investigated and discussed. First, the dimensions of development are defined and finally, sustainable development indicators are examined.Mining and extraction of mineral resources, in addition to being a global industry, it also plays an important role in the economy and destiny of any country. Due to the fact that mining operations are carried out in remote and environmentally sensitive or less developed areas, we cannot ignore the important point that it causes many problems such as surface water and ground water pollution and aquatic mortality. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, in addition to creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In the case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, so creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. Green mining is a modern type of mining model whose main goal is to extract resources optimally and in sufficient quantity, reduce environmental impacts, create balance and optimize the benefits of investment and society based on sustainable development indicators introduced by the United Nations (SDG). Mining is one of the oldest human activities that has been responsible for the economic, cultural and technical development of societies and countries throughout history. The goal of the indicators introduced by the United Nations is to achieve sustainable development in mining and to take into account all aspects that are effective in the lives of the residents around the mines, including economic, social and environmental aspects. In this descriptive-library research, the compatibility between mining activity and SDGs and the relationship between mining and the surrounding environment are investigated and discussed. First, the dimensions of development are defined and finally, sustainable development indicators are examined.

The development of sustainable rural tourism is known as a desirable goal in the development of sustainable tourism due to the addition of the concept of sustainability to rural tourism. But this sustainable development can have negative effects on the environment. For this reason, it is necessary to look at this category with a comprehensive and inclusive perspective. The development of rural tourism is very important for rural areas, because it can help solve economic and social problems, which in turn helps to maintain the local population in permanent places of residence and, as a result, improve. For a long time, rural tourism has been considered to have unique advantages in helping rural areas to get rid of poverty, attracting surplus rural labor, inheriting the culture of rural characteristics, optimizing the rural industrial structure and improving facilities, etc. This category is because rural tourism and related concepts have a wide perspective and scope. In recent years, the rapid development of rural tourism has caused researchers to pay more attention to it and conduct a large number of scientific studies and researches in this field. The increase in tourism activities in rural areas causes the weather, the land to be increasingly at risk of pollution due to the creation of tourism infrastructure and facilities, as well as the damage caused by tourism business activities that meet the needs of tourists. The development of rural tourism inevitably has negative effects on the destination's environment and resources, such as overcrowding, water pollution, waste production, and vegetation destruction. The question of how to reduce the conflict between environmental sustainability and local economic interests has become an important issue in the development of rural tourism. However, the environment and natural resources are essential for the development of rural tourism. In fact, both ignorance and obvious disregard for environmental protection seriously weaken the attractiveness of destinations. Improving and preserving the natural environment and ecosystem is useful for maintaining the competitiveness of rural tourism destinations and achieving sustainable development of rural tourism. It must rely on the joint efforts of residents and tourists. Many studies have investigated how to encourage residents to show environmentally responsible behaviors and green consumption of tourists. In rural tourism, local residents play an essential role in preserving the environment because their behavior and daily activities directly affect the ecological integrity of the destination. The main goal of this research is to investigate the factors influencing the development of sustainable and environmentally preserver rural tourism.

In terms of the basical purpose and the research method used in this research, the qualitative method is the foundational data theory. This type of research is in search of discovering facts and realities and knowledge of phenomena and objects, which expand the boundaries of general human knowledge and discover scientific laws and explain the characteristics and attributes of a reality. In the system of elements of sustainable development of rural tourism, the factors are interdependent, mutual and corresponding. Thematic research of sustainable development not only requires the good performance of one factor, but also the compatibility between factors. In addition, disruption in any factor may lead to weakening or even failure of the entire rural tourism system. Only by explaining the logical relationship and hierarchical context between the factors can one understand the working mechanism of the rural tourism system and have a deeper understanding of the various problems facing sustainable development. As a result, the coordination and corresponding relationship between the factors can be adjusted to achieve the goal of sustainable rural tourism development. Therefore, it is necessary to use qualitative methods such as foundational data theory to examine the conceptual link of these elements. In this research, using purposive sampling, experts in the field of rural management and planning, tourism, environmental management have been used as participants in semi-structured interviews.

According to the findings of the research, the codings were done using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, and finally, 122 preliminary propositions were extracted. Following an inductive approach (moving from part to whole), the statements extracted were categorized into 83 open codes, 49 axial codes, and 20 selective codes. From the results of the present research, it can be pointed out the effective role of each of the influential factors in the development of sustainable rural tourism and environmental protection, which are presented in the form of the concept of green rural tourism. In fact, green rural tourism can protect the environment while developing sustainable rural tourism, and it is expected that the components of this type of tourism can include sustainable and responsible tourism approaches and create an effective discourse strategy.According to the findings of the research, the codings were done using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, and finally, 122 preliminary propositions were extracted. Following an inductive approach (moving from part to whole), the statements extracted were categorized into 83 open codes, 49 axial codes, and 20 selective codes. From the results of the present research, it can be pointed out the effective role of each of the influential factors in the development of sustainable rural tourism and environmental protection, which are presented in the form of the concept of green rural tourism. In fact, green rural tourism can protect the environment while developing sustainable rural tourism, and it is expected that the components of this type of tourism can include sustainable and responsible tourism approaches and create an effective discourse strategy.According to the findings of the research, the codings were done using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, and finally, 122 preliminary propositions were extracted. Following an inductive approach (moving from part to whole), the statements extracted were categorized into 83 open codes, 49 axial codes, and 20 selective codes. From the results of the present research, it can be pointed out the effective role of each of the influential factors in the development of sustainable rural tourism and environmental protection, which are presented in the form of the concept of green rural tourism. In fact, green rural tourism can protect the environment while developing sustainable rural tourism, and it is expected that the components of this type of tourism can include sustainable and responsible tourism approaches and create an effective discourse strategy.

Good agricultural practice (GAP) is a certification system for agriculture, specifying procedures (and attendant documentation) that must be implemented to create food for consumers or further processing that is safe and wholesome, using sustainable methods. While there are numerous competing definitions of what methods constitute good agricultural practice, there are several broadly accepted schemes that producers can adhere too. The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) uses good agricultural practice as a collection of principles applying to on-farm production and post-production processes, resulting in safe and healthy food and non-food agricultural products, while taking into account economical, social and environmental sustainability. Introduction of GAP is particularly desirable when there is chronic overuse and misuse of agricultural pesticides. Governments seek to reduce the use of pesticides by promoting alternative methods of pest management, while at the same time ensuring a steady production of safe and wholesome food.

This research was carried out with the general aim of developing Good agricultural practice strategies in Lorestan province. In this research, using analytical studies and literature, the four points of SWOT i.e. strength, weakness, opportunity and threat were identified and prioritized using AHP technique. The statistical population of the research included experts and specialists knowledgeable about the subject in relevant organizations, including agricultural jihad, agricultural research center, environment, university and subject experts in Lorestan province. The sampling method of the study was in accordance with the principles of strategic research through targeted sampling, and finally 26 people were selected for the study. Data analysis was done in the form of SWOT-AHP technique using Expert Choice software.

The findings of the research showed that in the evaluation of the criteria, the points of threat, weakness, strength and opportunity were assigned the first to fourth priorities, and the weights obtained from the results of these points indicate the dominance of the risky environment over the useful. In addition, in the prioritization of strategic areas, the results showed that WT strategy means defensive strategy (minimum-minimum), ST strategy means contingent strategy (maximum-minimum), WO means adaptive strategy (minimum-maximum strategy) and finally The last strategy based on the SO axis is the aggressive strategy (maximum - maximum).

In general, the results of this research can provide new insights for policy makers in the field of agriculture and environment because a strategic plan has been developed in the field of developing appropriate agricultural operations.

Ports play an important and strategic role in the growth and development of a country; Therefore, the development of ports is an important driver for the economic, social and regional growth of countries. A key and practical concept to achieve port development is the concept of sustainable development. Shahid Rajaei port of Iran is considered the most important import and export gate of the country due to its unique geographical location. Therefore, the most important goals of this research are to identify the effective and key indicators of sustainable development in Shahid Rajaei port of Iran and to prioritize these indicators.

In order to identify the key indicators of sustainable development in Shahid Rajaei port and prioritize these indicators, by reviewing the literature, sustainability indicators were identified and extracted from the research literature. In the second step, in order to prioritize the indicators, a questionnaire was designed and provided to the sample of the research statistical community. which includes managers, officials and officials of various port departments and experts and experts in this field. The sampling method in this research is a non-probability and non-random judgment. In the next step, AHP and SWARA multi-criteria decision making methods were used to rank the indicators. In the following, related software such as Excel and Super Decisions were used. Finally, average ranks and Copeland methods were used to integrate the results to achieve a prioritization.

According to the obtained results, the economic dimension is the most important dimension of sustainability; Then, social and environmental aspects are important. The findings show that in terms of education level, the majority of research experts have master's and doctorate degrees and are at a high level scientifically. And due to the fact that most of the experts have more than 15 years of work experience, they are experienced people with high work experience.

In the environmental dimension, the indicators of identifying types of environmental pollution and waste management were ranked first. In the economic dimension, the index of the amount of investment and the increasing trend of the market share and the index of access to road, rail and air transport lines were ranked first in two methods. In the social dimension, the index of job creation and high quality of port services ranked first. The results of this research can be a basis for the improvement and growth of sustainability in the port and to provide the managers and authorities of the port with proper direction and vision in the field of sustainable development, to take appropriate decisions and actions in the future.

Today, food packaging waste management is a challenge on a global scale that has faced many economic constraints in developing countries. If this waste is not managed properly, it will have irreparable consequences on the quality of the environment and human health. The purpose of this paper is to select sustainable scenarios for packaging waste management based on product design. Material and

In this research, by simulating a mathematical model, the costs of waste management scenarios and at the same time the detrimental effects on environmental quality and human health have been minimized. The proposed model, which can be used in various industries, has been implemented using binary genetic optimization algorithm, taking into account the design details, life cycle analysis and end-of-life options (in the form of 9 management scenarios).

In general, estimating the optimal solution of the proposed model in each product group, shows the winning scenario appropriate to the optimal design alternative, which is an economic option with the least destructive effects on the environment and human health. The results of model implementation for a real example show in seven product groups defined four scenarios (25% source reduction, 25% recycling and 45% incineration and only 5% landfill) and scenario five (source reduction by 60% and incineration of 30% of waste and 10% landfill) are the winning options for optimal designs in most product groups. Discussion and

The simulated model helps manufacturers to have a proper estimate of the environmental and economic consequences of the designed product. This research also enables decision makers and policy makers to achieve the goals of sustainable development, by legislating more manufacturers to accept responsibility for end-of-life management of their products as well as municipalities to set up a network. Encourage urban waste management systems.

The governments of developing countries noticed that environmental taxes, in addition to helping to achieve environmental goals, also make it possible to achieve other economic and social goals such as reducing the unemployment rate. In the past, policies aimed at minimizing the unemployment rate have a negative impact on other policy goals because they reduce private incomes, especially for people on government benefits. Therefore, it is politically difficult to implement environmental policies. However, for green tax reforms to be socially acceptable, complementary policies such as public spending cuts should be minimized to reduce the burden of green taxes on the private sector.

Green taxes lead to a decrease in social welfare and have a greater impact on endogenous public expenditures. Therefore, minimizing public expenditures as a complementary policy to promote the labor market effects of green tax reforms in developing countries will fail. Was.

As a result, policymakers in these countries should look for other ways to help them reduce the green tax burden on business, which in turn will enable them to implement environmental tax reforms.

In the present study, Spss26 software is used to describe the statistical population and research data, Excel software is used for the Dimtel technique and fuzzy Delphi analysis and fuzzy ANP software. In the second level, the fuzzy Delphi method is used using Excel. In the third level, Fuzzy Network Analysis Process (FANP) was used based on the constituent questions and variables. At the last level, Dimetal technique was used to check the relationships.

Given the shift in biological challenges model in the central province in Iran during the last three decades and the priority of environmental crisis management, utilizing NGOs potential as a non-expensive and universal approach has become a necessity. The present research, based on this fact, aimed at semantical reconstruction of the effectiveness of NGOs in environmental sustainable development of the central province in Iran and its results by survey research.

Statistical population includes all active environmental NGOs in the central province with 30 of which semi-structured interviews were carried out. Systematic Struss and Corbin method was used to analyze data.

From data coding, 114 primary codes, 28 subcategories and 11 major categories were extracted and provided in a survey-paradigm model including causal, intervening, background conditions, approaches and results. Causal conditions including structural factors and agency factors; background conditions including unpleasant lived experiences in NGOs and environmental protection network; and, intervening conditions including knowledge and technological management, training and experience exchange were classified. Activists in environmental NGOs try to influence environmental sustainable development through organizational strategies and interactions with the government.

The results showed that organizational strategies in the form of innovation, encouraging green economy activities and symbolic activities and strategies for interaction with government including desecuritizing the activities of NGOs, intervening in decision-making governmental institutions, seeking support from governmental and public institutions help environmental NGOs in achieving their objectives in environmental sustainable development.