جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "تولید ناخالص داخلی" در نشریات گروه "فنی و مهندسی"

Following the contiguous of Corona Virus (COVID 19), transportation services are facing a significant decline due to the implementation of social distancing plan, bans on unnecessary travels, increasing public concerns about the high risk of using public transport services and the closure of some businesses. Therefore, the transportation sector became one of the most vulnerable economic sectors due to these events. In this article, using the partial hypothetical extraction method in the framework of the newly constructed social accounting matrix (SAM) for 2016, the effects of contiguous of COVID 19 on the economic activities and income distribution have been investigated using two scenarios. The first is a one-month shutdown of 4 subsectors of transportation services and the second is the continuation of the current situation during the current year. The overall results are as follows: One- in the case of first scenario, due to partial extraction of 4 subsectors of transportation, output, GDP, urban households and rural households incomes will decrease by 0/604, 0/608, 0/648 and 0/691 percent respectively, whereas for the second scenario, the corresponding figures will be 4/370, 4/349, 4/650 and 4/915 percent respectively. Second- “wholesale and retail”, “manufacturing of coke and petroleum products”, “crude oil and natural gas”, “manufacturing of food products”, “services of private real estates” and “livestock” are identified to be the most vulnerable sectors.

This study examines the effect of renewable energy consumption on the ISEW in selected countries, Using the fixed effects model and multivariate panel model from 1990 to 2020 by providing BISEW that includes economic variables and an environmental component; Pays and then ranks. The relationship between energy and growth and welfare for selected countries is that after static analysis of variables; Cao method and Dickey-Fuller statistics were used for co-integration and Granger causality to determine the direction of the relationship. In addition to per capita energy consumption and renewable energy production, the variables; Gross fixed capital formation (percentage of GDP); work force; Per capita emission index of pollutants (carbon dioxide emissions) as an index of environmental constraints; Capital leases; Degree of commercial openness; Is used. Next, examine the relationship between energy and growth by replacing GDP with the BISEW and analyzing the results; We rank the selected countries. The results showed that renewable energy in developed countries has a positive impact and share in total energy and ISEW; On the other hand, in developed countries; Renewable energy is unilaterally effective in improving the quality of the environment. In developing countries per capita increase in energy consumption except renewable (fossil); It has an impact on sustainable economic growth and there is a two-way relationship between energy consumption and pollution emissions. In the ranking discussion it was identified; South Korea (developed) and UAE are the most stable economies and the Italy and Angola are the least economically stable.

This study examines the impact of renewable energy consumption on the sustainable economic growth index (As a measure of the welfare of developing countries in the current situation) in twenty developing countries; Using the fixed effects model and multivariate panel model from 1990 to 2018 by providing a basic index for sustainable economic growth that includes economic variables and an environmental component; Pays and then ranks. After static analysis of variables; Cao method for co-accumulation and Granger causality were used to determine the direction of the relationship. In addition to per capita energy consumption and renewable energy production, the variables; Gross per capita gross fixed capital formation (percentage of GDP); work force; Per capita emission index of pollutants as an index of environmental constraints; Capital leases; Degree of commercial openness; Is used. The results showed that the increase in per capita energy consumption, except for renewable energy; It has an impact on sustainable economic growth and there is a two-way relationship between energy consumption and pollution emissions. In the ranking discussion it was identified; The UAE has the highest and Nigeria the lowest sustainable economic growth.

The increase in standard coverage and standardization has been emphasized in the general policies of the resistance economy and other mother laws, it still seems that the role of the standard in increasing the gross national product in Iran's academic and executive environment is not well known and needs further consideration. The main purpose of this study is to scientifically explain the standard role of economic growth. The research method is qualitative content analysis, which is generally used by analyzing the concepts, terms and connections between these concepts in inferring and revealing patterns, not in observations and written documents. The special methodology of this research has taken it out of the ordinary state of research because in this research it has not directly collected data but has tried to collect and analyze the results of other valid researches, to comment. The main issue of the research should be addressed. After reviewing, it was found that in the countries studied, the number of standards has been able to affect the productivity of all factors of production (at least in comparison with it) and through this has led to an increase in GDP. Variables such as improving gradual innovation, increasing knowledge sharing, increasing information symmetry and improving the business environment, increasing the productivity of capital goods, creating a common language with global markets and strengthening exports are mediated in this direction.

The new coronavirus (COVID-19) is caused by the acute respiratory syndrome 2. The disease was first diagnosed in December 2019 in Hubei Province, Wuhan City, China. On March 11, the World Health Organization declared the virus an epidemic. Until Mid-February, 2021, about 112 million people worldwide have been infected with the virus, of which about 2.500.000 people have lost their lives, according to the latest global statistics from the Worldometer database. The economic shock of the coronavirus outbreak has also led to negative economic impacts, including declining sales of many related businesses. In this paper, the effects of coronavirus on the Iranian economy are examined with a systems dynamics approach. First, the relationships of important variables affecting GDP in SPSS software are obtained and then the data is analyzed using Vensim software. In the following, by analyzing the sensitivity and providing recommendations, the impact of managerial insights to control the conditions of this new crisis will be examined. The results show that the correct use of the mask and the observance of social distance as well as air flow in spaces and avoidance of closed spaces have a significant effect on reducing the spread of this disease and reducing mortality.

The economic growth of a country depends on several factors, among which the role of knowledge is undeniable. Many studies have shown that countries' GDP is often affected by the country's knowledge infrastructure. A knowledge-based economy is an economy that is directly based on the production, distribution and consumption of knowledge, and investment in knowledge and knowledge-based industries is given special attention. In this economy, where a significant share of GDP is from knowledge-based and knowledge-creating activities, knowledge generates more production than traditional factors such as labor and capital, and the value of many software and biotechnology companies arises from non-physical capitals, i.e. their knowledge and scientific privileges. Accordingly, knowledge creation is an essential weapon in today's world and without a continuous process of knowledge creation, any society is doomed to destruction. Knowledge creation and learning is the creation of new knowledge, or the replacement and improvement of the existing knowledge through social relations and organizational partnerships. The creation and application of knowledge has a major role in increasing wealth in a knowledge-based economy. The problem is that knowledge creation and learning has not been investigated at the national level yet.

By applying qualitative-quantitative methods, based on Delphi technique, the procedure of identifying and explaining the processes of national knowledge creation and learning has been discussed first. Then by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, a significant t-value of more than 1.96, between the identified dimensions and the variable national knowledge creation and learning, was obtained that was acceptable.

Additionally, the impact of the process of national knowledge creation and learning on GDP was measured through conducting a survey and using a questionnaire, while taking the mediating role of national intelligence into account by using Sobel test. It was found that by including the mediating variable of national intelligence, the standardized beta for the relationship between national knowledge creation and learning, and gross domestic product was reduced from 0.80 to 0.18, but it is significant.

Therefore, the variable national intelligence plays the role of a partial mediator; in other words, while the impact of national knowledge creation and learning, as the main variable, is maintained, the mediating role of national intelligence also affects GDP. This research had some limitations. One of these limitations was the stereotyped thinking about the process of knowledge creation. In this study, only one dimension of knowledge management, namely ‘knowledge creation’ was used. While we can pay attention to all the processes of the knowledge management cycle in society, instead of just thinking about the creation of knowledge at the national level, in order to promote national performance. Based on this, it is suggested that other researchers consider other dimensions of the knowledge management cycle and go one step further. Researchers can also examine the existing challenges and potential barriers to the national knowledge creation process or the requirements for knowledge creation at the national level. Alternatively, researchers can study international knowledge creation processes by considering cultural differences and provide solutions to increase the likelihood of knowledge creation globally. It is suggested that future researchers make a comparative study of the national knowledge creation model with other models of measuring intellectual capital in the world and examine the strengths and weaknesses of each model and prioritize these models based on their applicability in similar countries. It is also suggested that researchers use fuzzy logic theory to make relative measurements of each of the constructs of the national knowledge creation process and conduct field and academic research in this regard. As another suggestion, researchers can conduct this research on a specific industry and compare its results with the results of this study. 

Iran as a developing and growing country and the vast resources of energy and large oil and gas reservoirs, is among the countries with the growth pattern of the pressure on natural resources. Therefore plan to consume of energy is very important and must be done carefully. It is clear that to accomplish this, must have accurate knowledge of the relationship between energy consumption and production. This paper investigates the effect of long term subsidies elimination of energy carriers oil, gas and electricity on the production level and inflation in the period 1352-1387 with use of Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) in Iran.The results of Johansson test indicate that there are 3 long-term relationship in the 95% significant level and 2 in the 99% significant level between variables. According to the impulse response analysis, removal of energy carriers subsidies cause to reduced consumption of these carriers in the short, medium and long term, thus it reducing GDP in the short, medium and long term. With removal of energy carriers subsidies, price of these carriers are increased in short, medium and long term, and this price increase, cause to reduce consumption of energy carriers too. Hence government should develop optimal pattern of consumption of all carriers in all sections and take additional tax of consumption, who those don’t observe this pattern.