جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "جهانی شدن" در نشریات گروه "فنی و مهندسی"

Higher education is influenced by globalization having a profound effect on all levels and dimensions of higher education. Judging architectural designs is one of the current issues in higher education. Criteria that can be used to measure designs are old concerns in the field of architecture. By knowing how to judge architectural projects in the world's leading universities, it is possible to quantitatively and qualitatively develop higher education in architecture. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the effects of globalization of higher education on education and judging architectural projects. The research method was mixed (quantitative-qualitative). Data was collected using the method of classification and arrangement of documents, after which their content was analyzed and propositions that represent the educational and judgmental characteristics of the world university were extracted. In order to get acquainted with the methods of judging architectural designs in Iranian universities, the Delphi technique was used. Data was collected through questionnaires and open interviews with professors of architecture at the departments of Architecture at prominent Iranian universities. The findings showed that the effects of globalization on the teaching and judging of architectural designs can be divided into two categories of indicators related to the design process, which included curriculum, students, faculty members, international cooperation, budget, and new electronic communication systems. Criteria for final evaluation included jury, student defense, presentation, and analysis of information. The results showed that the globalization of architectural project judging will lead to intensification of university competitions, upgrading of educational standards, improvement in the quality of education and judging of architectural projects.

Today, the use of harsh sanctions against Iran as the main strategy to threaten the national security has replaced and complemented the military option. Therefore, soft threats due to their low cost, impact on software part of the national authority, non-use of violent methods, etc. are more than before considered by the enemies of the Islamic Revolution. Research has shown that sanctions and trade bans have a significant impact on the national security. In fact, sanctions have harshly affected Iran’s exports and imports in recent years. Therefore, in addition to preventing Iran from entering trade markets, sanctions have posed a threat to Iran’s security in the current situation; however, it has led to self-reliance and resistive economy. As the greatest impact of the current “transformed economy” on “national security” includes the right to comment and accountability, political stability, control of corruption, the rule of law, the quality of bureaucracy and the effectiveness of government, this type of economy fundamentally changes the shape and dimensions of the national security which, if not taken into consideration, it bears loads of destructive impacts, including the intensification of class strife, the bipolarization of society and the threat to social security given the unplanned access to information and communication technologies and the threat to societal values and the allocation of capital out of regarding the popular needs. In sum, economic sanction has led to economic problems, but it has brought up non-dependence for Iran in some spheres.

Trade policy is one of the most important segments of a nation-state economic policy. The public policymaking in the segment includes developing long and mid-term plans to direct the decision making process on export، import and foreign investment in a country، by which businesses (either private or public) will be able to perfume more effective in international level and foreign marketplaces. On the other hand، in recent three decades globalization forces of economic، political and cultural scales have great impacts on the societies in different ways. In the paper، a model has been suggested to explain the impacts on trade policymaking process of I. R. Iran. Ministry of Commerce، however، was attained as the research source of data، due to the main role of the ministry on trade policy of Iran. The results indicate that economic، political and cultural forces of globalization have great impacts on trade policymaking process and probably would improve level of participation in planning and enhance trust and commitment of policymakers to the policy network.

Accession to WTO (World Trade Organization) is the most important facets of globalization, that causes free trade. Although this way empowers economical fields but would make vast bankrupts and unemployment, so the main strategy is defending from priorities in accession. Iran membership was accepted by WTO in 2005 and it is preparing action plans based on production priorities. Machinery industries with the most value added has main role in industrial priorities so the main contribution of this research is determining priorities in machinery industry. For achieving this goal after literature review we ran a Topsis model by expert opinions. The other contribution of this research is utilization of economical, social and environmental factors that make our analysis more applicable than former models (like Porter). With comparison by AHP results, finallyfour clusters appeared: leader, developing, reviewing and weak production groups that makes a regular base for accession plan to WTO.

Research and development have come to a global shape with developing information technology and communicating networks. Also advancing the science and especially engineering is going to be practical that leads cooperation among industries, researchers, and organizations. Since accessing to the new technology and economics development in developing countries leads to large investments and development in the area of research, so these countries must try to obtain major technologies using foreign investments and then try to develop them using their own innovation. Therefore, globalization of research and development by ultra-national organization and decentralization of research and development units will result in the economic development.It seems that globalization can be a solution to the most of the economic problems. Nowadays, global economy is organized based on the information process management and networks, so that a new version of international economy in different theories can be imagined. Economy is a scientific network organized by information control paradigm and assessed by different variables. This method provides effective management mechanisms for the formation of a new version of different economies. In this way, the economic processes will be modified and a new version of economic relations would emerge. Meanwhile using information technology will lead to business development, facilitating economic relationships and providing the possibility of different activities for the organization. There is also a meaningful a correlation between the highly developed countries and the countries with large investments in research and development. So the importance of developing research and development is highlighted for the developing countries.This article will discuss the consequences of globalization of research and development on the economic development of countries, as well as the obstacles and opportunities resulted from that; like better production, job opportunities and higher income in developing countries. It also reviews the important factors which can lead to the development of economic network.

Increasing the competitive space and motivation for duration in markets is a cause to move countries and organizations that concentrate their activities on core productions and core competencies. This matter requires large investment in researches and technologic innovations. Nowadays, performing the researches in organizations is based on of guidance purpose and supporting the innovation and R&D activities in organizations must be concentrate to the best opportunities that create the new business or change the present business of organizations. Also, intensity of globalization competitive in recent lathes is ended to increasing the countries and organizations support from R&D activities. Researches complexities base on technology and innovation and also business and market is a cause for reconsideration in activities direction and its dimensions, scales and positions. In present century, R&D result has a great impact on innovation, quality improvement, the standard level of life, and increases the markets share and the other factors that are effective for competitiveness of organizations. With appearance of globalization phenomena, the methods for access to technology has been changed, and new methods have been created that make possible for countries and organizations the accessibility to research in different levels. In recent lathes, most part of R&D activities performs by use of foreign direct investment (FDI) by trans national corporations (TNCs), but these corporations performs main activities of R&D in its laboratory for containing the competitive advantage that is ended to product of knowledge and also performs more development activities and relation with market in another countries and near the consumption markets. We are trying in this paper to present the definition abut globalization, R&D and also, difference between R and D, to investigate effects of globalization process on R&D consist of: appearance of new methods for technology reception that is ended to access to development and knowledge researches. Especially, FDI method, investigate the effective factors from R&D and present the related static with many factors in another countries, mandatory of R&D and audit of innovation in organizations, introducing the many related factors with R&D such as cost, market, technology, competitive advantage,. .., and opportunities resulted from globalization process on R&D activities in under developed countries.

The main objective of this paper is to assess the rate and trend of investment in middle-eastern container ports as well as the performance and growth of container shipping companies in the region. In addition, the paper evaluates the development of container related logistic activities in the region. Consequently, based on the result of the above assessment, a prediction of containerization development and growth in middle-east, as compared to global growth forecast, will be presented. In particular, the paper attempts to depict the contribution of Iranian seaports and shipping companies in promoting regional containerization in past and present, and future.

This study investigated the relationship between globalization and the necessity for EFL curriculum reform in Iran. It also analyzed challenges and opportunities created for curriculum and syllabus designers in this process. The qualitative analysis of the Perspective of Islamic Republic of Iran in 1404, and Development Plans 4 and 5 was done in order to find out the country’s policy toward globalization. The status of EFL program in Iran was described by carrying out two further analyses: (1) a comparative study of Iranian and Middle Eastern examinees’ TOEFL scores from 2002 to 2007, and (2) a review study of problems of teaching and learning English in Iranian high schools. The results of the analyses showed that: (1) Iran has taken an active role in facing globalization by appreciating its Iranian-Islamic values; (2) EFL program in Iran has serious problems, and (3) EFL curriculum reform in Iran is essential and inevitable in the process of globalization