جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی" در نشریات گروه "فنی و مهندسی"

Projects are used in most organizational structures including strong matrix, weak matrix, balance matrix, project-oriented, virtual, hybrid, and project management oce to achieve the goals of the organization. Many organizations consider their successful projects as a competitive advantage and use a comprehensive portfolio management system to manage projects, plans, and operations to achieve their organizational goals. As project management has become more professional, the focus of organizations has shifted from management to one or more complex projects separately and to the management of an interconnected set of projects. Therefore, a formal portfolio management process is a requirement for integrated implementation and the use of a portfolio system to manage projects to achieve the goals and strategies of the organization based on the desired criteria of management, is necessary. Income sources in almost all of the project-based companies, especially in IT Industry, are highly dependent on the company's project revenue, so Project Portfolio Selection has always been one of their managers' main concerns. To maximize their business value and protability, these companies dene appropriate projects in specic time horizons. Because the projects compete for resources, the interdependence between an organization's projects and their potential and actual impact on the portfolio selection has become particularly important to managers. Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique and the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), this paper presents a hybrid model of Fuzzy Mathematical Programming that seeks to select projects in a portfolio by creating maximum synergies between them in the presence of uncertainty. In the proposed model, the concept of synergy is used in such a way that time constraints, costs, and interactions between them are satised, and decision-makers have the opportunity to evaluate dierent selection modes. We used the fuzzy conditional programming approach in the objective function and the Jimenez method in constraints to defuzzify the problem. In order to express the eectiveness of the proposed model, it is applied in the telecom industry as a case study.

This work employed the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of polypropylene production reactors. Five criteria were considered for this process, and three alternatives were evaluated based on the AHP method. Then, the polypropylene production process was simulated and, ultimately, the operational conditions were optimized. The tubular reactor was identified as the highest priority alternative, and cost was the highest priority criterion in the process, with 38% and 25%, respectively. The percentage of polymer yield from the reactor and the reduction of operational costs were chosen as the objective functions of this process. The optimization results showed that the best feed gas temperature and mass flow rates were 78 degrees Celsius and 5000 Kilograms per hour, respectively. Additionally, by reducing operational costs as an objective function at the optimal point, energy savings of up to 78102 dollars per year can be achieved.

The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize the competitiveness evaluation criteria and sub-criteria of international rail freight transport services. The present study is an exploratory-descriptive research and its statistical population consists of managers and experts of international rail freight transportation companies. The research sampling method is snowball and purposive, and the sample size is equal to 10 people. The data collection instrument is a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed using content validity method and its reliability was confirmed using inconsistency rate mechanism. To analyze data, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was used. The research findings indicate that the competitiveness evaluation criteria of international rail freight transport services include six criteria of accuracy, safety, convenience, reliability, economic efficiency, and speed, each of which has several sub-criteria. In addition, the results of the research show that speed is the most important criterion to evaluate the competitiveness of international rail freight transport services, followed by accuracy and reliability, and network is the most important sub-criteria to evaluate the competitiveness of international rail freight transport services, followed by packing condition and on-time pick-up. The findings of the research help international rail freight transportation companies to evaluate and improve their competitiveness using the identified criteria and sub-criteria.

One of the novel approaches in supply chain management is Vendor-managed inventory (VMI). The aim of this policy is to establish a long-term relationship between retailers and vendors. The prerequisite for the long-term relationship of vendors with retailers is to select retailers who can meet the most criteria from the vendors' perspective and have a considerable level of reliability. In this paper, a two-tier supply chain with multiple retailers and multiple vendors has been developed using a combination of multi-criteria decision-making methods and multi-objective programming under the VMI policy. The developed model is such that, in order to establish long-term relationships and reduce supply chain costs, each retailer can only participate with one vendor. In general, the aim of the present study is to minimize costs, increase the reliability of retailers, and select retailers who have relative prominence compared to other retailers. To this end, a            hierarchical analysis process (AHP) has been performed for each vendor, and the weights of retailers relative to the suppliers have been calculated. Then, the obtained weights were input into the three-objective model designed. The proposed model, considering a combination of qualitative and quantitative criteria in selecting retailers under VMI, can find a combination of the best      retailers by balancing between the criteria. In order to maintain the long-term relationship of the vendor with the retailers, it is better for the vendor to consider important criteria that are  necessary in selecting retailers.

Rapid transportation and delivery large volumes of equipment to combat operational and support units, especially in recent wars, clearly shows the necessity of using all transportation capacities in the country. In addition to speed, safety and reliability and other criteria affect the modes of transport. This study analyzes the rail transport selection decisions in the logistics of a defense organization by gathering the opinions of experts through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and attempts to analyze the items and criteria for the transport of each of them through rail transport. Therefore, it is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of nature and method. The innovations of this research include analyzing the application of rail transport in defense organizations, the use of the Analytical Hierarchy Process and the presentation of the same prepared classes between military and civilian organizations. According to the findings, transportation safety was the most important criterion and dangerous items among the movable items in the five categories, according to the transportation safety criterion was extracted as the first option. The results of the research can be used in the logistics policy of defense organizations.

Supply chains play an important and integral role in today's global economy. Supply chain operations are sensitive to various uncertainties such as disruptions in suppliers, transportation disruptions, or fluctuations in customer demand. Supply chain risk management can be defined as a management activity aimed at identifying and managing risks for the supply chain through a collaborative approach among supply chain members to reduce the vulnerability of the supply chain. The aim of this study is to identify and prioritize supply chain risks of Mobarakeh Steel Complex in Isfahan through the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. To this end, the company's supply chain risks were identified using previous research studies and interviews with relevant experts, and the most important ones were selected through questionnaires, screening, and selection. Then, these risks were classified into different categories and fuzzy pairwise comparison tables were designed and distributed among experts for collection. Finally, the relative weights of the elements in these tables were extracted using the non-linear fuzzy preference programming method, and then the final weights of each of the company's risks were obtained using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.

The flood is the most important natural disaster that causes human and financial losses every year, then its management is very important. The most basic step in flood disaster management is the preparation of a flood susceptibility map, which integrating the geospatial information system and multi-criteria decision making is an efficient approach to handle it. In order to spatially model flood susceptibility, the present study has presented an approach of fusion the weights of the effective criteria on flood susceptibility using the Dempster-Shafer information fusion theory (DST). The purpose of the fusion of the weights of the criteria is to increase reliability, reduce the uncertainty of the weighting process, and increase the accuracy of flood susceptibility modeling. The present research has presented a hybrid weighting method by integrating the results of two weighting methods (Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Best-Worst Method (BWM)). The hybrid weighting methods of previous researches are mainly based on simple mathematical operators, and complex operators such as DST used in the present research are less used. The results of the fusion of the weights obtained from the two weighting methods of AHP and BWM indicate the very high weight of the flow accumulation criterion (0.437) and the very low weight of the vegetation index criterion (0.004). Comparing the results of the research with the facts of the studied area showed that the presented hybrid weighting approach with 96% accuracy Compared to each of the basic weighting methods used, is of higher performance. Also, the susceptibility modeling resulting from the new BWM weighting method has been more accurate compared to the common method of the AHP. According to the results of the research, more than 92% of the studied area has moderate to high flood susceptibility and less than 8% of the area has less than moderate susceptibility, which indicates that the studied area is prone to flooding.

Selection of tunnel excavation method is one of the most important issues raised in the tunneling projects Because experience has shown that the results of incorrect choice of excavation method can lead to catastrophic situations. Various parameters are effective in choosing the right option for excavation a tunnel. The most important parameters include geological and geotechnical, geometric, executive, economic parameters and parameters related to infrastructure and necessary conditions for tunneling methods. in this research, a model for comprehensive evaluation and selection of the most suitable tunnel excavation method from the methods of drill and blasting, controlled drill and blasting, cut and cover, Austrian drilling method, road header machine and conventional shield excavation (TBM) is presented.In this model, after studying and reviewing the relevant topics, the indicators that are effective in evaluation were considered and since the importance of the indicators in the evaluation is not the same, a questionnaire was prepared to determine their weight and their weight was determined by aggregating the opinions of experts. Scoring for each of the indicators for each of the excavation methods was done by evaluation questionnaires containing questions in numerical quantification. Finally, the simple weighting method (SAW) was used hierarchically to calculate the final score of each method. In this method, according to the geological and geotechnical conditions and the geometric parameters of the existing tunnel, the score of each index is multiplied by the final weight of that index and from the sum of them, the final score of each method is obtained. Finally, the method with the highest score is selected as the appropriate excavation method.

In recent years, the increase in the shared groundwater resources’ demand and inappropriate governance in the limited resources’ allocation has led to the increase in stakeholders’ conflicts in several regions of the world. Therefore, due to the dominance of water demand over the aquifer resources, it is necessary to develop an appropriate framework for reallocation of shared aquifer resources based on the consensus among stakeholders. Accordingly, one of the widely-used approaches, is the Bankruptcy Theory, as a subset of the Game Theory. So far, this approach has been used commonly in the reallocation of surface water resources. In this research, after introduction and evaluation of the most important bankruptcy methods, the Neyshabour-Sabzevar-Ataiyeh shared aquifer, as one of the most important study areas with the critical bankruptcy conditions in Iran, were reallocated among the stakeholders. Accordingly, in the proposed approach, the stakeholders’ weights were estimated using the Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP), considering the most important agricultural, drinking, and industrial sustainable development criteria. Then, the weighted form of the most practical bankruptcy methods, such as Principle of Proportionality (PRO), Constrained Equal Awards (CEA), Constrained Equal Losses (CEL) and Modified Constrained Equal Losses (MCEL) methodologies, the shared aquifer was reallocated among the stakeholders. The results indicate that based on the Bankruptcy Allocation sustainability index, the weighted CEA is selected for reallocating the shared aquifer among the stakeholders. According to the output related to this method, Neyshabour, Sabzevar and Ataiyeh plains can receive 39%, 68% and 45% of the total of their demand, respectively.

The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a multiple criteria decision-making method extensively used in various fields. Prioritization of decision criteria or alternatives from pairwise comparison matrices in AHP has been studied extensively. This article proposed the “Double-Frontier DEA” approach for prioritization in AHP. This new approach uses two optimistic and pessimistic DEA models to obtain the best local priorities from a pairwise comparison matrix, regardless of whether it is fully consistent or not.

One of these methods is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The combination of DEA and AHP (DEAHP) is used to obtain and aggregate weights in AHP. Studies show that DEAHP fails in obtaining and aggregating weights in AHP and sometimes produces priority vectors contrary to evidence for inconsistent pairwise comparison matrices that limits its application.

This new approach uses two optimistic and pessimistic DEA models to obtain the best local priorities from a pairwise comparison matrix, regardless of whether it is fully consistent or not. Some numerical examples, including a real application of AHP for selecting an innovation team for a university, are provided to specify the advantages of the proposed approach and its potential applications.

Originality/Value:

 The double-frontier DEA approach generates true weights for fully consistent pairwise comparison matrices and best local priorities for inconsistent pairwise comparison matrices, that are logical and fit subjective judgments of decision-makers.

Evaluation of the design concept is known as one of the main phases in the development of product production because it determines the course of activities in the first stage of product design. However, usually at this stage the information is subjective and depends on the judgment of experts. How to control and manage these individual uncertainties is considered an important issue. Therefore, this research presents a systematic evaluation method based on integrating the analytic hierarchy process and the Technique of Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, which is known as the TOPSIS method, and in this article, rough numbers is used to evaluate the concept of design in a subjective environment. Rough numbers are used with the purpose of introducing the preferences and subjective judgments of people in the analytic hierarchy process. Then, an improved rough number is also provided by TOPSIS method to rank the options. To demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method, this method is being implemented at the Unilever Cosmetics and Hygiene Company and designed to design the above-mentioned OMO concentrate washing powder to indicate that the proposed method can effectively increase the uncertainty in the assessment of the design concept under uncertainty conditions.

Selection of tunnel excavation method is one of the most important issues raised in the tunneling projects Because experience has shown that the results of incorrect choice of excavation method can lead to catastrophic situations. Various parameters are effective in choosing the right option for excavation a tunnel. The most important parameters include geological and geotechnical, geometric, executive, economic parameters and parameters related to infrastructure and necessary conditions for tunneling methods. in this research, a model for comprehensive evaluation and selection of the most suitable tunnel excavation method from the methods of drill and blasting, controlled drill and blasting, cut and cover, Austrian drilling method, road header machine and conventional shield excavation (TBM) is presented.In this model, after studying and reviewing the relevant topics, the indicators that are effective in evaluation were considered and since the importance of the indicators in the evaluation is not the same, a questionnaire was prepared to determine their weight and their weight was determined by aggregating the opinions of experts. Scoring for each of the indicators for each of the excavation methods was done by evaluation questionnaires containing questions in numerical quantification. Finally, the simple weighting method (SAW) was used hierarchically to calculate the final score of each method. In this method, according to the geological and geotechnical conditions and the geometric parameters of the existing tunnel, the score of each index is multiplied by the final weight of that index and from the sum of them, the final score of each method is obtained. Finally, the method with the highest score is selected as the appropriate excavation method.

Which of the existing science and technology parks in the world are the most suitable options for creating international interaction? This article tries to find the answer to this question for one of the university parks in Iran using the partner selection approach. In order to limit the scope of the evaluation of the existing parks in the world, first, 20 countries that have made up 90% of Iran's foreign trade volume in the past 5 years have been identified, then based on the needs assessment of the firms located in the studied science and technology park that have the capacity and the willingness of international cooperation, the countries under review were ranked from six aspects like as: economic, political, cultural, security, technological and geographical criteria and in 13 sub-criteria using the combined method of The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and TOPSIS . Seven countries with a significant score among 20 countries were selected as samples to evaluate their science and technology parks. 19 well-known parks in these 7 countries were scored and ranked using 12 criteria, from the perspective of people involved in park affairs, and with the combined method of AHP and TOPSIS. As a result of this ranking, the following parks were identified as a higher priority for cooperation: Dubai Silicon Oasis Park, Tsinghua University Science Park in China, Teknopark İstanbul, Sharjah Research, Technology and Innovation Park, Dubai Science Park, Knowledge Oasis Muscat (Madaen).

The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize international markets entry strategies in plastics industry.

The research method of the study is explorative-descriptive and its statistical population includes managers and officers working in small and medium-sized enterprises in the plastic industry, which are the members of the Bojnord Chamber of Commerce, Industries, and Mines. The sampling method of the study consists of snowballing sampling and purposive sampling, and the sample size is equal to 19 experts. Data collection instrument was questionnaire, which its validity and reliability were confirmed using content validity ratio and inconsistency ratio mechanism, respectively. To analyze data, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was used.

The findings indicate that international markets entry strategies in plastics industry consists of seven strategies, including export, license, management contract, contract manufacturing, turnkey operation, foreign direct investment and strategic alliances, and criteria to select these strategies include four categories of factors related to host country, factors related to product, factors related to company, and factors related to home country. Furthermore, the research findings indicate that the most important criterion to select international markets entry strategies is factors related to company and the best international markets entry strategy is export.

Originality/Value: 

The findings of this research help managers to evaluate, prioritize, and select international markets entry strategies using AHP technique in an effective and efficient manner.

The great traffic of private cars in the tourist and religious metropolises has led to an increase in fossil fuel consumption in Iran, and consequently, Energy dissipation and air pollution have increased. There are policies that help to save fuel; each has some advantages and disadvantages that make choosing the best policy difficult. In this research, four policies to save fuel consumption in Mashhad, including fuel pricing, fuel quota, alternative fuel supply, and traffic congestion pricing, have been evaluated and prioritized by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on the results, the traffic congestion pricing solution with a weight of 0.385 was considered as the most suitable solution for reducing fuel consumption in the transport sector in the tourist and religious metropolises. The criteria used in this assessment are known as, inflation rates, travel mode changes, canceling the travel, travel time reductions, reducing air pollution, and reducing travel costs. The analysis of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in this study was done by using “Expert Choice” software.

One of the most important methods of gas transportatibhon is the use of pipelines.</em> </em>Since gas supply pipelines are sometimes deployed around residential areas and may cause personal and financial damage in the event of leakage or rupture, the safety of residents in the areas surrounding high-voltage and high-pressure pipelines is important.</em> </em>This is one of the most important concerns of the gas transportation industry. The most important consequences of accidents in the oil, gas and petrochemical industries dealing with a wide range of pollutants and hazardous chemicals are environmental pollution and irreparable environmental degradation.</em> </em>It is noteworthy that despite technological advances in societies, many of the environmental, human and economic costs are often irreparable, so the purpose of this study is to identify the pathology of gas supply lines.</em> </em>In this way, effective criteria were first identified. These criteria were identified through library studies, interviews with experts, and prior studies. These criteria are dem, slope, distance from fault, distance from rivers and distance from earthquake foci. Then, the importance or weight of the criteria was determined by the hierarchical analysis process. Shannon method was used in this study</em>.</em> The slope criterion of 0.34 has the greatest impact on the vulnerability of gas lines. After that, the measure of distance from fault is 0.31. Then the distance from rivers is 0.22 and then the distance from earthquake is 0.11. The least impact on the vulnerability of the gas lines is the dem criterion with weight of 0.02. Criteria maps after standardization were integrated using the weighted linear combination in the environment GIS and the gas pipeline vulnerability map was identified at Esfarain city and finally the locations of the pipes with the highest vulnerability as well as safe areas were identified. The results showed that in the areas northeast of Esfarain, gas lines are at highest risk and the safest gas lines are in the central part of the city.</em>

This study aims to evaluate intermodal seamless transportation system in Tehran's subway (case study: SADEGHIYEH station) through prioritise existing transportation alternatives (feeder modes) and assesing and comparing the current situation according to these priorities. Therefore, two perspectives exist. First, this study applied Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on relevant expert’s opinions in order to assess and prioritize intermodal seamless transportation system from a policy planner’s perspective to find an improvement strategy. To achieve this purpose, the effective criteria through the literature review identified then main criteria have been revised. In addition, weights of criteria are calculated and then the piority of each alternative is determined and the results have been analyzed. The results indicate that the bus has the highest priority among the alternatives being discussed and vans & taxis, bikes & walking are the next rank. The results of the sensivity analysis shows that change in weight of the three cases of the criteria can cause changes in prioritizing alternatives. Second, regarding the passenger’s perspectives based on relevant passenger’s opinions, most passengers tend to use bus and vans & taxis, bikes & walking was found to be less preferable than other alternatives. Finally, comparing the results of two perspectives indicates performance of the system in current situation is good and appropriate.

Successful implementation of civil projects is one of the key factors for the economic development of each society. Every year, a major part of the country’s capital allocates to civil and infrastructure projects. Most of these projects are implemented with delay. Analyzing the factors affecting delays in these projects is essential with the aim of omitting the factors and timely implementation of the projects. Over the years, professionals and researchers have investigated various aspects of delays. For example, causes of delay in large construction projects in Saudi Arabia were studied by Assaf and Al-Hejji (2006). Sweis et al. (2008) identified and classified causes of construction delays in residential projects in Jordan. Factors affecting delays in Indian construction projects were analyzed by Doloi et al. (2012). Aziz (2013) identified various factors causing delay in construction projects in Egypt. Delay causes of road construction projects in Egypt were explored by Aziz and Abdel-Hakam (2016). Arditi et al. (2017) studied the effect of organizational culture on delay in construction. In this paper, after a revision of related researches and considering experts' opinions, different factors affecting projects delay in Iran are identified. Then the factors are prioritized by using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP).