جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « فرماندهی و کنترل » در نشریات گروه « برق »

The purpose of this paper is to develop a comprehensive maturity model for command and control. For this purpose, the inductive research method has been used to design the maturity model. Thus, firstly, the most prominent maturity models in command and control, including the conceptual maturity model, the headquarters maturity model, the NATO model, and the maturity model of integrated command and control centers (ICCCs) were analyzed. Among the studied models, the NATO model is more comprehencive, so we chose it as a basis for developing our model. Then, the stages and variables of maturity were analyzed using the focus group method. The findings of the research show that some important characteristics of the command and control maturity  have been neglected in the basic model. Therefore, the innovation of this research is to add new features to achieve a more comprehensive model. The result is a model containing 5 levels and 20 variables. Validation of the model has been done through comparative study and focus group method, which should be further strengthened by case studies and survey researches.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of research method and its main purpose is to explain the model of command and control human capital training with a research-oriented approach. The present research was carried out by thematic analysis method with a summarizing approach and using library studies and semi-structured in-depth (comprehensive) interviews with experts and led to the design of the model. The interview was conducted in a semi-structured individual and focal way (in two stages). The statistical population of this research includes the experts of A military education and training center, who are familiar with the basics of command and control and research-oriented trainings, using the purposeful selective sampling method, initially 12 people as a sample of experts. The beginning of the research was determined and then the necessary data was collected; During the interview, new experts were identified, and a total of 17 people were interviewed and theoretical saturation was achieved. To determine validity, triangulation (triangulation) of data sources was used, i.e. from the three sources of professors/faculty members, experts and assistants. The purpose of triangulation is to overcome the inherent biases that result from using a source, a method, an observer or a theory in studies. To determine the reliability, the agreement between two coders (evaluator) or intra-subject agreement was used, and the reliability rate was calculated using the formula, 79%, which is higher than 60%; So the reliability of coding was confirmed. Based on the summation of the opinions of academic experts and after implementing the concepts obtained from the library studies and the text of the interviews, thematic analysis was carried out, and in the first stage, 80 basic themes were counted; Then, in the next stage, by merging similar themes and removing duplicate themes, the basic themes reached the number of 36 themes, which were classified into 4 organizing themes. The results of this research showed that the command and control human capital training model with a research-oriented approach is based on 4 organizing themes, including educational factors with 10, support factors with 5, administrative and executive factors with 14 and cultural factors with 7 themes. The foundation is established.

In command and control, it is necessary to provide clean data to the system for better decision-making in the battle scene. In this regard, artificial aperture radar is an imaging radar with high resolution, which needs to improve the quality and classification of these images to recognize the details of the scene. The presence of speckle noise is the most important factor in image quality degradation, and it is necessary to reduce the effect of speckle noise in the pre-processing stage. Also, one of the important methods in interpreting SAR radar images is the classification of images, which is very useful in examining the changes in ground targets, because the observation and monitoring of targets in command and control is considered a good tool. Determining a classification method with appropriate accuracy for SAR radar images with high spatial resolution is a goal in this article, as the old algorithms in this field such as Kmeans, Perceptron, SVM, and MLP have poor detection power and inappropriate speed. As a result, in this article, the aim is to present a powerful algorithm for optimizing the classification of SAR radar ground targets with the help of the proposed method of combining convolutional network and genetic algorithm, which can be obtained through airplanes, spacecraft or satellites to observe ground targets. has been In this article, in the pre-processing stage, after reducing the effect of speckle noise on SAR radar images with the help of the Lee filter, the optimization of the classification of SAR radar ground targets with the proposed method has been obtained, and acceptable results have been obtained. The proposed network has performed 99.33% better than other methods in terms of classification accuracy of denoised MSTAR images.

The use of scientific methods to meet the information needs of commanders and increase their knowledge on the battlefield is one of the necessities of command and control. The main goal of this research is to determine the effect of synoptic analysis of heavy rains in command and control. In this research, an environmental-to-circulation approach was used, and for this purpose, precipitation data in the cold season of the year and upper atmosphere data at levels 1000 and 500 were received and used from ECMWF. First, the rainfall above the 95th percentile of the data with high overlap in the stations of the region was identified and determined as a representative day. The results of the synoptic analysis of the research showed that there are three important patterns for heavy rainfall in the region and also the role of the Sudanese low pressure along with the deepening of the Mediterranean trough due to the blocking event of the low pressure cut in the eastern Mediterranean Sea plays a significant role in the heavy rainfall of the region. The effect of synoptic analysis in command and control was recognized in three dimensions, identification of atmospheric hazards, decision making and action.

A conventional air defense network consists of a rigid centralised hierarchical structure that guarantees the convergence of individual operational actions in a critical air defense battle. Although there are sophisticated proposals for developing decentralised air defense networks, they often suffer massive data/information traffic and high risk of operational failure. In this paper, we propose a cognitive model for a meaningful convergent composition of individual actions for the collective realisation of an operational intention. We then propose and explain the structure and software architecture of a cognitive interaction platform to support the interactive realisation of an air defense operation. Such a platform is called a Razmayeshgah-e Araye-i for air defense operation. This platform can support the emergence of various air defense command and control structures and networks in different operational situations. This is achieved by helping the agents in the battlefield with hints for a meaningful distribution and aggregation of their operational actions.

The importance of command and control systems as one of the requirements of military forces in achieving success and achieving goals is not at present understood. This importance is growing day by day with the rapid changes in the environment that have led us to face anarchic and non-linear environments along with a wealth of information, as well as the rapid growth of technology and technology. Plan to improve the performance of command and control systems in a timely manner over short periods of time. So that the largest armies and the most powerful nations are no exception. This is an applied-developmental case study and a descriptive case study with mixed (qualitative / quantitative) approach. At first, the characteristics of the future war environments (37 attributes) were extracted from the study of resources and after receiving expert approval, To determine the features that are effective in improving the command and control system, consider the sample size received (28 approved) and then re-submit the results to the expert community to obtain the specifications of the command and control systems. Was done. Finally, the annotated profile of the expert community was judged by the sample size and presented and prioritized in 44 attributes.

Command and control centers play a vital role in navigation and guidance of aerospace defense systems. Regarding the increasing trend of threats and changing the nature of the classic war, we will need to make arrangements to strengthen and resolve the vulnerabilities of these systems. In this study, the main objectives of the research are to explain the effective factors on the future of command and control in the field of aerospace defense. This research has been conducted in descriptive and mixed method. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part consists of 20 aerospace experts, which were selected using Snowball method. In the quantitative section, 65 of the managers and officials of this area were selected objectivly as sample size and data collection was performed using a questionnaire with Likert spectrum and analized . The results of this research indicate that the amount of threats (4.52) exceeds opportunities (4.27) in foreign factors. The finding also suggests that, in the internal measures, weaknesses (3.29) are more than strong points (3.05) that will help to designe strategis for achiving ideale point. Also, according to the identified weaknesses and threats, five major challenges were identified, and finally, suggestions for overcoming these challenges were presented using opportunities and strengths.

In this paper, a cost-sensitive multi-agent approach for the command and control of web content surveillance is selected and its key functions are fully described; Based on these functions, a formal expression for cost-sensitive command and control is provided. The structure of a C4ISR system based on autonomous web surveillance agents is also presented, in which the intelligent components of text processing, image processing, and topical crawling are used. For the image processing component, a cost-sensitive learning method for deep convolutional neural networks and a method for cost-sensitive topical crawling have been proposed. In the proposed image processing method, the process is stopped when the middle classifiers, which have been added to the conventional CNN structure, reach the certainty necessary to determine the class of a sample; otherwise, the classification continues in the higher layers of the network. In this way, processing resources are managed and costs are reduced. In the proposed topical crawling method, instead of using only one link extraction method, the scores of a set of link extraction methods is used to increase the efficiency, which leads to the targeted use of bandwidth. The results of the experiments show the efficiency of the proposed methods in comparison with the stage of the art results. The cost-sensitive approach presented in this article, in addition to web content surveillance, can be used for command and control of other real-world problems.

This article is based on a research project "Investigating the Defense (Land-to-Air and Radar System) Performance in the Years of Holy Defense and Comparing It with Iraqi Air Defense and Lessons Learned to Improve the Organizationchr('39')s Combat Capacity." The above research project is based on the documentation available at the Army, Corps, Air Defense Headquarters, and using oral history and participation and interviews with air defense commanders in the years of holy defense. The qualitative method was used in the writing of this article, which was produced by the authors at Khatam al-Anbia Air Defense Base (AJA). Interviewing aviation veterans, using translated foreign books and sources, using handwritten notes and notes by air defense commanders and combatants to fill in the gaps and respond to ambiguities in the documents. This article examines the performance of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense in the Air and Radar Sections during the years of Holy Defense, the performance of the Iraqi Air Force and the Iraqi Air Defense. Iran Air Defense Command and Control Network during the war with Iraq and initiatives undertaken by Air Defense in particular Martyr Major General Mansour Sattari, the role of air defense in some major operations and the role of air defense in the war of cities and ..., Iraqi air defense performance In the field of radar, land and air, etc., are some of the issues discussed in this article. Also in this paper, the evolution of Iranchr('39')s air defense center of gravity from air defense to ground air defense was investigated. At the end of the paper, researcherschr('39') suggestions for improving the organizationchr('39')s combat capability as well as continuing the research path are presented by other researchers.    The main issue in this article was: "What are the lessons learned from the Air Defense Command and Control (GAF) operation in Holy Defense Operations? »  The variables considered in this project are:Independent Variable (Macro): Air Force Command and Air Defense Control Lessons Learned Independent variable (component): Earth-to-air systems Independent Variable (component): Radar systems Function variable: Holy Defense operations

War game as an analytical method and tool has enabled commanders and managers to get optimal decisions. Therefore, the role of the war in the various fields of "military, economic, political, social and cultural, etc." is to choose the best of its own course of action against threats or, in other words, good decision-making. War game is a process with clear rules and steps that attempt to visualize the flow of the mission on the part of its own forces, and this process identifies and takes notice the capabilities, strengths and weaknesses and capabilities and possible course of action of friendly and enemy forces in a sequence of action, reaction, and counteraction. The war game is the most valuable step in exploring and analyzing the way in operational estimation. The war game process tests a solution or modifies a formed course of action. The purpose of this paper is to present a process model of the war game in command and control and to develop a standardized approach to the unity of practice in doing so. Undoubtedly, decision-making and planning, which are critical steps in command and control, will be effective once you have used the war game. The research method used in this paper was library and documentary study and utilization of credible scientific resources, expertise point of view throughout deep interview. Ultimately, the process model of the war game is designed in command and control.

Investigating the nature of military threats, the results of recent wars in the world and the West Asian region, the increasing progress of military technologies, especially in the field of aerospace technology, the need for scientific attention to air defense and its combat power upgrading to cope with air threats Has made it inevitable. Combat power has three physical, non-physical and superior dimentions, which later play a prominent role in the combat power of the Armed Forces, including air defense. The aim of the research is to identify and explain the most important components of the superior dimension as well as to explain the role of the command and control component in upgrading the air defense combat power. The research is of applied-developmental type and its approach is mixed and case-field method has been used. in this study, theories of combat power, internal environment and in comparative studies the most important components of air defense of six foreign countries studied, for further enrichment of research with a number of experts in the field of air defense interviews have been conducted. The result of the research is the explanation and identification of 6 important components (including the command and control component) with 37 indicators of the superior dimension that have a significant impact on upgrading the combat power of air defense.

Critical mission systems are in high demand in the defense industry and are essential to the Battlefield. Facilities and applications in modern network wars are considerable. The battlefield and operation area supported by smart devices and become intelligent. There are some challenges such as scalability, accessibility, and tolerable on these systems. In this paper, a 4-layer hierarchical architecture consisting of various processing layers including sensors, mobile smart devices, edge computing, fog computing, and federated clouds are proposed to improve the battle awareness in the troops and improving combat effectiveness. The hierarchical structure, the centralized situational awareness capability, the division of tasks into independent sub-processes and the use of different transmission media results in better decision making, timely access to services and the reduction of constraints. The results indicate the performance and effectiveness of this architecture for command and control services on the battlefield.

Communication and computer is two important technology in the C4I that supports from the elements of command and control, intelligence,surveillance and reconisance. Enemy intercepts, locates and identifies all communication and cyber- systems activities used in our country's command and control network using advanced communication intelligence(COMINT) sensors from land, sea, space, and cyberspace.The main issue of this research is the lack of being modern the passive communication strategies of the communication systems of the country against the threats of interception and detection by enemy communication intelligence sensors.Therefore, non-communication defense aims to increase deterrence, reduce vulnerability, maintain essential activities, promote national sustainability,facilitate crisis management and secure cyber and communication systems. This is one of the best ways to deal with threats and interception measures, locating, and identifying communication and cyber systems by enemy's communication intelligence sensors.The present article, after presenting materials related to various threats against communication systems used in command and control networks, examines the performance of passive communication defenses and strategies to deal with the threats of communication intelligence sensors.This applied and developmental research is a mixed case-field research method, the method of data collection is documentary and surveying and the tool is interview and the statistical population is 60 people.SWOT matrix was used to analyze internal and external environments and formulate strategies and TOPSIS software was used to prioritize the communication  passive defense strategies of the country in response to various threats of enemy communication  intelligence sensors.

In command and control networks, to ensure that the sensors are operational (which is very important); each sensor should be able to evaluate its status and send it to the higher command and control layers. The status of sensors through long distance requires sending large amounts of troubleshooting data for each sensor to higher levels of command and control that receives many data in the top layers of command and control, tenuring network bandwidth and creating overhead for processors. In this paper, an autonomous management framework based on MAPE-K adaptive control loop for controlling and monitoring command and control sensors without creating significant overhead for command and control levels is presented and to reduce the amount of network data exchange between command and control network equipment, a hierarchical approach is proposed for the monitoring phase of this framework. It also uses a proposed XML-based protocol to exchange sensor data with command and control centers, which receives the sensor data with the desired protocol and sends it to the command and control centers by converting it to an XML-based protocol. It also converts the commands received from command and control centers in XML format to the format required by sensors and applies them to sensors. The performance evaluation results show that a small percentage of network bandwidth is allocated to this issue and due to the distribution of the management system, caused little overhead for the processing systems. It is also possible to ensure the accuracy of the sensors performance and complete sensor information can be accessed if needed.

The experience of the recent wars shows that, prior to the ground invasion, transboundary forces first disrupted the command and control facilities of the defensive forces and confused them with the disruption of command lines. The complex scene of today's battles dictates parallel solutions to technological advances. The purpose of this article is to find the optimal location of command and control centers so that all communication centers or channels can be controlled through our communication channels. The statistical population of this study consisted of 30 command and control specialists who were purposefully selected and questioned.
In this paper, we first identify the influencing factors in determining optimal command and control centers by using expert theory and library studies. In continue by using the theory of experts, we determine the relative importance of each option under the study and represent the mathematical model of the research in three ways. To test the validity of the model, we run it on a hypothetical network (case study) and obtain optimal results using MATLAB software.

In today's knowledge societies, military organizations must be knowledge-based to achieve perfection like as any other organizations. Military environments are very dynamic because of rapid changes and mobility in operations, hardware and software’s, frequent disconnections, and a permanent lack of bandwidth. The command and control system should reduce the  Imageorganizational hierarchy not only by responding to specific needs but also by developing the communication network of the information flow. In this study, considering the characteristics of command and control, the requirements of knowledge-based defense and examining different environmental aspects, we seek to index and command with knowledge-based approach. For this purpose, after identifying the most important factors influencing the research topic, the effective factors and indicators were extracted from content analysis method and coding method. Then, to analyze the data, 10 expert snowball sampling techniques and 77 experts were selected from expert society. The results of completing the questionnaire were analyzed using statistical software and confirmed four components of decision making, action, observation and justification and 20 related indicators.

IoT has the potential to become the most important concept that has led to a huge information and communication technology revolution in recent decades. In fact, the concept of the Internet of Things defines a global Internet-based network in which all objects can connect, exchange information and perform intelligent activities. This new concept has affected both civilian and military applications of its new definitions. With the advent of the Internet of Things, as well as the ability to connect various weapons systems to the network, the opportunity for commanders to facilitate weapons control and the speed of action in the reactions arises. In the meantime, and more than civilian applications, military IoT applications, known as the MIoT domain, are more important because they can have positive or destructive direct impacts on battlefields. Therefore, the security issues associated with different parts of the Militarily Internet of Things are critical. In this article, we will first discuss the concepts and architecture of the Military Internet of Things (MIoT) and review the mechanism of the Military Internet of Things with a focus on the United States MIoT. Then, we discuss security challenges and concerns, and finally, outline the Internet of Things security requirements for military things.

The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the factors affecting the performance of integrated network of command and control for overall understanding, explanation, forecasting and efficiency improvement in the integrated network of command and control. The statistical population consisted of 100 expert staff (randomly selected) from Khatam-ol-anbiya Air Defense Base. In this research, 44 indicators were detected exploratively, validity of the questionnaire was verified by the professors and reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha of 0.85. Then, by factor analysis, factors were reduced to 16 items and classified into 4 hidden factors, and then ranking of variables was done by Friedman test. It was showed that the integrated operation of command and control network from various factors such as agility, network security, practice and repetition, interactions between systems and systems, status awareness, battle scene simulation, reaction steps, inertial defense systems, doctrine and successful experiences, Common language, system intelligence, power at the edge, network-eccentricity, large-scale data systems, stability and durability, rebuilding and re-structuring structures. In terms of application, data collection, observation method, interviews, questionnaires and documents the current study is based on philosophical foundations in the scope of verifiable paradigm.