جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی" در نشریات گروه "عمران"

The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize the competitiveness evaluation criteria and sub-criteria of international rail freight transport services. The present study is an exploratory-descriptive research and its statistical population consists of managers and experts of international rail freight transportation companies. The research sampling method is snowball and purposive, and the sample size is equal to 10 people. The data collection instrument is a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed using content validity method and its reliability was confirmed using inconsistency rate mechanism. To analyze data, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was used. The research findings indicate that the competitiveness evaluation criteria of international rail freight transport services include six criteria of accuracy, safety, convenience, reliability, economic efficiency, and speed, each of which has several sub-criteria. In addition, the results of the research show that speed is the most important criterion to evaluate the competitiveness of international rail freight transport services, followed by accuracy and reliability, and network is the most important sub-criteria to evaluate the competitiveness of international rail freight transport services, followed by packing condition and on-time pick-up. The findings of the research help international rail freight transportation companies to evaluate and improve their competitiveness using the identified criteria and sub-criteria.

Rapid transportation and delivery large volumes of equipment to combat operational and support units, especially in recent wars, clearly shows the necessity of using all transportation capacities in the country. In addition to speed, safety and reliability and other criteria affect the modes of transport. This study analyzes the rail transport selection decisions in the logistics of a defense organization by gathering the opinions of experts through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and attempts to analyze the items and criteria for the transport of each of them through rail transport. Therefore, it is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of nature and method. The innovations of this research include analyzing the application of rail transport in defense organizations, the use of the Analytical Hierarchy Process and the presentation of the same prepared classes between military and civilian organizations. According to the findings, transportation safety was the most important criterion and dangerous items among the movable items in the five categories, according to the transportation safety criterion was extracted as the first option. The results of the research can be used in the logistics policy of defense organizations.

The flood is the most important natural disaster that causes human and financial losses every year, then its management is very important. The most basic step in flood disaster management is the preparation of a flood susceptibility map, which integrating the geospatial information system and multi-criteria decision making is an efficient approach to handle it. In order to spatially model flood susceptibility, the present study has presented an approach of fusion the weights of the effective criteria on flood susceptibility using the Dempster-Shafer information fusion theory (DST). The purpose of the fusion of the weights of the criteria is to increase reliability, reduce the uncertainty of the weighting process, and increase the accuracy of flood susceptibility modeling. The present research has presented a hybrid weighting method by integrating the results of two weighting methods (Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Best-Worst Method (BWM)). The hybrid weighting methods of previous researches are mainly based on simple mathematical operators, and complex operators such as DST used in the present research are less used. The results of the fusion of the weights obtained from the two weighting methods of AHP and BWM indicate the very high weight of the flow accumulation criterion (0.437) and the very low weight of the vegetation index criterion (0.004). Comparing the results of the research with the facts of the studied area showed that the presented hybrid weighting approach with 96% accuracy Compared to each of the basic weighting methods used, is of higher performance. Also, the susceptibility modeling resulting from the new BWM weighting method has been more accurate compared to the common method of the AHP. According to the results of the research, more than 92% of the studied area has moderate to high flood susceptibility and less than 8% of the area has less than moderate susceptibility, which indicates that the studied area is prone to flooding.

The great traffic of private cars in the tourist and religious metropolises has led to an increase in fossil fuel consumption in Iran, and consequently, Energy dissipation and air pollution have increased. There are policies that help to save fuel; each has some advantages and disadvantages that make choosing the best policy difficult. In this research, four policies to save fuel consumption in Mashhad, including fuel pricing, fuel quota, alternative fuel supply, and traffic congestion pricing, have been evaluated and prioritized by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on the results, the traffic congestion pricing solution with a weight of 0.385 was considered as the most suitable solution for reducing fuel consumption in the transport sector in the tourist and religious metropolises. The criteria used in this assessment are known as, inflation rates, travel mode changes, canceling the travel, travel time reductions, reducing air pollution, and reducing travel costs. The analysis of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in this study was done by using “Expert Choice” software.

This study aims to evaluate intermodal seamless transportation system in Tehran's subway (case study: SADEGHIYEH station) through prioritise existing transportation alternatives (feeder modes) and assesing and comparing the current situation according to these priorities. Therefore, two perspectives exist. First, this study applied Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on relevant expert’s opinions in order to assess and prioritize intermodal seamless transportation system from a policy planner’s perspective to find an improvement strategy. To achieve this purpose, the effective criteria through the literature review identified then main criteria have been revised. In addition, weights of criteria are calculated and then the piority of each alternative is determined and the results have been analyzed. The results indicate that the bus has the highest priority among the alternatives being discussed and vans & taxis, bikes & walking are the next rank. The results of the sensivity analysis shows that change in weight of the three cases of the criteria can cause changes in prioritizing alternatives. Second, regarding the passenger’s perspectives based on relevant passenger’s opinions, most passengers tend to use bus and vans & taxis, bikes & walking was found to be less preferable than other alternatives. Finally, comparing the results of two perspectives indicates performance of the system in current situation is good and appropriate.

Successful implementation of civil projects is one of the key factors for the economic development of each society. Every year, a major part of the country’s capital allocates to civil and infrastructure projects. Most of these projects are implemented with delay. Analyzing the factors affecting delays in these projects is essential with the aim of omitting the factors and timely implementation of the projects. Over the years, professionals and researchers have investigated various aspects of delays. For example, causes of delay in large construction projects in Saudi Arabia were studied by Assaf and Al-Hejji (2006). Sweis et al. (2008) identified and classified causes of construction delays in residential projects in Jordan. Factors affecting delays in Indian construction projects were analyzed by Doloi et al. (2012). Aziz (2013) identified various factors causing delay in construction projects in Egypt. Delay causes of road construction projects in Egypt were explored by Aziz and Abdel-Hakam (2016). Arditi et al. (2017) studied the effect of organizational culture on delay in construction. In this paper, after a revision of related researches and considering experts' opinions, different factors affecting projects delay in Iran are identified. Then the factors are prioritized by using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP).

Fresh caustic scrubbing is commonly applied in petrochemical and refinery plants for sweetening process. The wastewater produced is known spent caustic wastewater, Spent caustic contains noxious components such as sulfur compounds, phenol, mercaptans, and high COD. A various treatment methods exist. Treatment of spent caustic can be carried out by either biological or oxidation, each of which can be divided into subcategories. The chemical oxidation is divided into three way wet air oxidation (WAO), advanced oxidation (AOP) and catalytic oxidation (CAO) (Karimi et al, 2016; alniazy, 2008). In this work, the treatment methodology of spent caustic wastewater was investigated by applying the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and finally is simulated optimal method via Aspen Hysys software.

It is impossible to implement projects in a risk-free environment, and the consequences of the project will affect the project's three main objectives (time, cost, quality) and usually impose costs for the project. Therefore, considering that the risks of a project are not eliminable but they are distributable, in order to optimize the objectives of a project, important and critical risks of the project should be identified and ranked, so that we can assign each risk to the employer or the contractors and monitor the consequences.Considering the Islamic Railways of Iran need for maintaining and repairing locomotives, this study introduces a fairly complete set of criteria (probability of occurrence, risk effect and probability of discovery) using multi-criteria decision making technique and SAW method has been proposed to assess all important risks related to Equipment - maintenance depot of Mashhad Railway. In this regard, two questionnaires were sent to five experts of Mashhad railway, and they evaluate and rank the identified risks through the SAW method, and finally, the risk of delay in construction (lack of integrated management system) identified as the most critical risk. Then the best response to the most critical risk was identified through the AHP model using the other questionnaire, which is “employing professional project managers and counselors familiar with management techniques.

Delay in construction projects is one of the most common problems. That will increase contract costs, increase construction time overestimated, increase project current costs and time lost due to lack of timely operation. Considering the importance of delay and time-increasing factors more than predicted, it is necessary to investigate and analyze its factors. In this paper, the identification, qualitative and quantitative prioritization of execution stage delays in road construction projects from the risk management perspective in the Garmsar-Simindasht road have been studied and evaluated. Identification of risks by structured interview technique, qualitative risk prioritization by expert opinion survey, and quantitative risk prioritization by analytical hierarchy process technique. Its outputs are qualitative delayed risk prioritization with cause and effect (Ishikawa) charts and quantitative risk ratings with Expert choice software. According to quantitative ranking, financial and credit problems, lands’ appropriation, management problems, technical problems and natural disasters have the highest risk among the main criteria. Among the sub-criteria of the risk, incomplete allocation, land price, gardens, incomplete feasibility studies, incorrect timing schedule, provincial credits, no money deposit, residential areas, commercial areas, agreement with the natural resources, agreement with the environment, flood, low initial estimate, national credits, industrial areas, unfavorable weather conditions, ground operations, asphalt problems, accident insurance have priority. Finally, Critical criteria analysis performed and solutions have been proposed to reduce or eliminate the effect of these delays in road construction projects.

Identifying the effective factors in traffic accidents in terms of transport safety is one of the basic issues that researchers have been focusing on for many years. A severe incident is a comprehensive result of several variables that causes accidents. The purpose of this study is to consider the effective factors on improving traffic safety and reducing motorcycle losses. Eighty five person selected from statistical population which included 200 person with experts in the field of accidents and safety and regulations. In this research, information was collected through a library study and the data was analyzed using the AHP technique and the Expert Choice software. This practical research has been conducted by designing a main question called "Effective components on improving traffic safety and reducing motorcycle losses". The results of this research, by introducing effective components, define the importance of each component for quantitative evaluation. Accordingly, the five main components of the effective factors on improving traffic safety and reducing motorcycle losses, together with their weight, are control of the skill of motorists, frequent education and information by the media, systematic planning to reduce intra-city travel citizens with motorcycles, judiciary intervention in the discussion of motorcycle driving violations and the strict implementation of motorcycle driving laws. he results of this paper can provide an appropriate perspective on designing a model for better understanding and preventing accidents from motorcycle accidents in the future by identifying the factors affecting the promotion of transport safety and reducing motorcycle losses.

The growth of the population, the increase in motor vehicles, and industrialization have bring fundamental changes in human life. Although these changes have led Iran toward progress and development, new problems and shortages such as housing shortages, traffic issues, climate and environmental pollution, destruction of natural resources, destruction of indoor recreational resources have been about. Today, with the increase in urban population and the growing trend of urban construction, there is a decrease in green space per capita and the problems that arise, such as the loss of ecological balance and ecological order, the uneven urban texture as well as the lack of open spaces for leisure time for citizens, and so on. The present study is a descriptive-analytical and applied research that focuses on five main criteria (population, physical dimension, land value, natural and flood risk zoning) using GIS software and analytical hierarchy process. It is hierarchical. For this purpose, spatial data are collected and then, in order to model each criterion based on its value and importance in locating green space, appropriate weight is considered for each criterion. Finally, the optimal pattern weight for green space development is determined using the overlap of thelayer with the same weight. The results indicate that due to the integration of urban parks in the western part of the region, the location of urban parks (especially the inhabitants of the eastern part) is not well distributed and does not meet the current needs of the local population and its future population.

Identification of hot spots is an important activity for improving the overall safety of roadway networks. A central issue in comparing HSID methods is the development and selection of quantitative and qualitative performance measures or criteria. In this research, The seven commonly applied HSID methods (accident frequency (AF), equivalent property damage only (EPDO) based the coefficients of the  PIARC, P-value (Islamic Republic of Iran Ministry Roads and Urban development), accident rate (AR), combined criteria, empirical Bayes (EB), societal risk-based) were compared against six robust and informative quantitative evaluation criteria (the site consistency test, the method consistency test, the total rank differences test, the total score test, sensitivity test and specificity test). These tests evaluate each method performance in a variety of areas, such as efficiency in identifying sites that show consistently poor safety performance, reliability in identifying the same hotspots in subsequent time periods .To evaluate the HSID methods, three years of crash data from the Jiroft-Kerman road were used. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method has been used for determination the importance coefficients of evaluation tests and as a result, showed that the total rank differences test is the most appropriate test. Also the quantitative evaluation tests showed that the EB method is the most consistent method for identifying hotspots and accident frequency, accident rate and combined criteria methods after EB method cause the identification of hotspots similar, that they have similar performance and their evaluation results is the same, have the best performance. Following these methods, the P-value, equivalent property damage only based the coefficients PIARC, and societal risk-based respectively. Societal
risk-based method performed worst in all of the tests. It should be noted that advantages associated with the EB method were based on crash data from one the road Iran country and the relative performances of HSID methods may change when using other crash data. However, the study results are consistent with earlier findings.    

Nowadays¡ with the increasing development of urban¡ population growth and increasing traffic congestion¡ parking shortages of vehicle especially in inner cities¡ suffered most big cities are. Public parking as a component of o modern urban transportation system¡ parking task level¡ to remove static traffic of urban communication system and thus reduce traffic congestion and traffic level are the center of the city. Geospatial information system (GIS) that are science and technology in analyzing spatial dara¡ an appropriate system are considered to find the most optimal place for public parking construction. In this study¡ factors affecting in site selection of public parking studied & analyzed away from four perspectives: centers of travel¡ distance from the street¡ value of the property & appropriate users. And the selection criteria were and weighted surveyed by using analysis hierarchical hierarchical paired (AHP) in expert choice application. And after preparing the information layers in GIS environment¡ these criteria¡ combined to each other with module of raster calculator and at the same time¡ calculated weight applied from AHP process to layers. And 15 sites were proposed for the construction of parking. The study also found that the optimal placement of Babolsar city does not have vertical parking available.

Automobile networks are now enjoyed by many researchers. The key challenge in this grid is the highly dynamic topology of this network, which is an obstacle to establishing reliable paths for content transfer. The Content-Based Content Network based on the Release / Share Reference Architecture can be a model for the highly dynamic structure of these networks. Because this model manages the addressing and tracking of paths by highly animated nodes. Information-Driven Network An innovative model suitable for a dynamic wireless environment described by dynamic topology. To solve traffic congestion in the car network, the increased demand for access to information can be exploited by these networks. The key challenge in this structure is to select the optimal path, to send and prevent the duplicate content from a ninety, which will increase the latency of your options. In this paper, the hierarchical analysis decision making structure is used to select the optimum NIS and avoid sending duplicate content to a node. The results of the network overhead reduction method were 3.2 percent, the 4.7 percent bytes of content was transferred, the total network coverage time was reduced by 2.8 percent, and the downtime delay was reduced to 1.3 percent.

Nowadays; cycling is considered as a solution to address traffic congestion problem and its consequences, especially air pollution. However, this mode requires suitable facilities including bicycle paths. This paper discusses prioritizing of five bicycle paths in district 1 of the city of Shiraz, Iran, regarding “Safety”, “Appeal” and “Mobility” criteria. The safety criterion is subcategorized into five factors as follows: number of street crossed by the path (i.e., intersections), slope of the path, heavy vehicles in the path, speed limit of the path and number of direction offsets along the path. The criterion of appeal of the path is subcategorized into two factors as follows: attractiveness of the path sides and the diversity of land uses along the path and at last, the mobility of path is subcategorized into number of public transit stations along the path, residents alongside the path and educational centers along the path. Based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the weights of criteria and factors demonstrate that according to transportation experts’ opinions, the most important factors were slope and speed limit of a path. Furthermore, the application of the method in one of the districts of the city of Shiraz has been conducted.

One of the most important factors in the failure of projects is the selection process of the delivery method. The wrong selection of the delivery method and consequently inappropriate selection of parties to the contract is a strategic mistake that causes bad consequences in projects. Identifying challenges in the delivery systems is very important in our country that causes significant economical revenues by attention and utilization in infrastructure projects which are factors of progress in the country. In this article¡ the most important factors of the three main delivery systems; including Design and Construction¡ Design-Bid-Build and Construction Management; in freeway projects are extracted and analyzed using questionnaire and SPSS software. Then¡ the best project delivery methods are identified and ranked by applying the analytical hierarchy process method.

Intermodal seamless transportation plays an essential and key role of subway systems (METRO).This study aims is to evaluate intermodal seamless transportation system in Tehran's subway (case study: SADEGHIYEH station) through prioritise existing transportation alternatives(feeder modes) and asses and compare the current situation is according to these priorities.therefore,two perspectives are exists. First, this study applied Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on relevant expert’s opinions to assessment and prioritization intermodal seamless transportation system from a policy planner’s perspective in order to find an improvement strategy. For this purposethe effective criteria through the literature review identified then main criteria have been revised. In addition, weights of criteria are calculated and then the piority of each alternatives is determined and the results have been analyzed.The results indicate that the bus has the highest priority among the alternatives being discussed and vans&taxis, bikes&walking are the next rank.The results of the sensivity analysis shows that change in weight of the three cases of the criteria can cause changes in prioritizing alternatives.As well as the results are sensitive to environmental issues than other criteria.Second, in regards to the passenger’s perspectives based on relevant passenger’s opinions, most passengers tend to use bus and vans&taxis, bikes&walkingwas found to be less preferable than other alternatives. Finally, comparing the results of two perspectives indicates performance of the system in current situation is good and appropriate.

Road authorities are faced to a problem of safety investment in the absence of historical accident records. Specially, this issue is arisen in case of improving the safety level of a road or a road network. While, some studies have demonstrated the hazard index of some road elements, a few one addressed the issue disaggregately. This study addresses a disaggregate method to identify the risk level of 47 elements of two-way two-lane roads. By introducing analytical hierarchy process (AHP), this paper explores the hazardousness of each road element to the road safety state. Results gained by selected road safety experts showed that the main accident risk in two-way two-lane roads are due to parking and other roadside land uses, and bridges. The study also shows that in the range of assessed factors, the top twelve factors are responsible to more than 50 percent of accident probability.

In the absence of historical accident records, road authorities are faced to a problem of safety investment. Specially, this issue is arisen in case of improving the safety level of a road or a road network. Although, some studies have pointed out the hazard index of some road elements aggregately, no research is disaggregately addressed the issue. This paper addresses a disaggregate approach to identify the risk level of 47 elements of two-way two-lane roads. By introducing analytical hierarchy process (AHP), this paper explores the contribution of each road element to the road safety state. Results gained by the studied road safety experts showed that the main accident risk in the roads is due to parking and other roadside land uses, bridges, accesses and intersections, tunnels, curves and segments respectively. The study also shows that in the range of investigated factors, the top twelve factors are responsible for about 50 percent of accidentprobability.

One of the most important steps in road construction is the initial route design step or the zero-phase study. Before road construction, there must be a comprehensive checkup for the region around the site to detect the most safest and economical route. Nowadays, it is obvious that not much paying attention to the environmental geology and the safety of the developmental plans will lead to the waste of land resources, environmental and economic disaster which is completely against sustainable development between related communities. In order to eliminate economic and environmental damages, the zero phase study of the region and gathering of information is necessary. The main purpose in this article is to present the optimal route of the environmental geology, engineering and economic from Kabudarahang County in Hamadan province to Saveh County in Markazi province. Therefore the optimal and smallest route between mentioned regions considering the geology (lithology, Layers geometric, faults and joints), rivers, topography, vegetation coverage, land use and protected areas has been designed. In the first of the achieving purpose, informational layers from different resources were gathered. Then, these vector layers converted to raster layers and after performing the geo-referencing step, the comparison of layers was possible. Therefore the weight function of each layer in comparison of each criterion was calculated to evaluate different information layers. Then Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was utilized to compare the results from different information layers. Results gathered from AHP in ArcGIS program shows that presented routing is more favorable in environmental geology and do less pass from regions covered by vegetation or even rivers and faults. In other hands, designed route will lead to time and design cost savings. All the mentioned parameters are ways to achieve the optimal route. In addition to benefits of designed route in environmental geology in spite of constructed route, results show that the designed route is shorter than the existing route. Also the cut/fill operation volume of the new route will lead to reduce the costs of constructions.