جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « رنگ » در نشریات گروه « مهندسی شیمی، نفت و پلیمر »

Colour studies in Iran have received the most attention, based on the ideas of western theorists such as Itten and Mansell, relying on human visual perceptions of color. In contrast, the cultural nature of colour has received less attention, resulting in the elements of colour beauty being neglected from the perspective of the local community. Therefore, in this research, we decided to answer this question with a field study with an aesthetic approach among the Tekke Turkmen tribe: what components affect the local aesthetics of color in the traditional self-decoration of the Tekke Turkmen tribe of Dovidukh village? This analytical-descriptive research has been conducted with a qualitative approach focusing on beauty in traditional self-decoration paint based on written sources and ethnography in the field. The findings of this research show that color is one of the distinguishing characteristics of these people in self-decoration, especially traditional. It is one of the most important cultural codes of this community, which expresses identity (individual/ethnic/social), emotional (sadness and happiness) and religious (reward). /age, guardians of religion, sanctity and transcendence). Also, in the opinion of these people, the main and secondary colors are defined by belonging or not belonging to an ethnic group, and in the belief of the people, preserving the historical power of this people has a direct relationship with the preservation of cultural codes, especially in the area of self-decoration.

Colors and decorations in Iranian art have special and valuable effects. The Iranian artist used precision and special tastes in choosing colors and decorations. The examination of Iranian painting colors and decorations is different according to their position and application in visible periods. As a result of the invasion of western culture, the clothes of Iranian people have completely moved away from their Iranian identity. The purpose of this research was to investigate the colors and decorations of Kamaluddin Behzad's works, and then it shows how to use these colors and decorations in the design of women's gowns. According to the purpose of this research, it has been tried to answer this question: How can the colors and decorations of Kamaluddin Behzad's works be used in the design of women's gowns? The general results of the research show that the examination of Kamaluddin Behzad's works and the analysis of their colors and decorations showed that these colors and decorations have a symbolic meaning and are used for a specific purpose and destination, and can be used to give identity to Iranian clothing. and used to compete in the global market. The nature of this research is fundamental-applied and its study method is descriptive-analytical and the information is collected using library sources.

It is no secret that color is one of the most important visual elements in art, culture, and marketing. Color is the fastest way to convey messages and meanings among the different types of non-verbal communication. Due to the way colors stimulate or activate the senses, colors can have other psychological and emotional effects on people. The science of color therapy is also used to improve and correct mental patients' moods since color affects their mental health. According to this article, Pantone company has chosen blue as its clothing and interior decoration color in different years. The psychology of Max Loescher shows that people choose colors based on sensory reactions, and this research shows that the most popular color in the world is blue.  

In this study, a convective-infrared combined dryer was used to investigate the dehumidification process of Shitake edible-medicinal mushrooms. The effect of input variables including temperature, inlet air velocity and power in the combined hot-infrared air dryer on the drying time of the samples to reach the final humidity of 10% based on fresh weight, energy consumption, color changes, amount of antioxidants and phosphorus extracted were investigated. Design Expert software using central composite method has been used. After examining the effect of variables on process responses, it was found that with increasing temperature, speed and power, the amount of antioxidants increases. Increasing the temperature had a significant effect on the color and increased the amount of color changes on the surface of the samples. With increasing temperature, the speed and power of drying time decreased. The process was optimized to achieve the minimum amount of energy consumption, drying time of the samples and color changes of the surface of the samples and the maximum amount of antioxidants and phosphorus of dried shiitake mushroom extract. Optimal operating conditions were obtained at temperature, inlet air velocity and power of 54.88 °C, 0.53 m/s and 1183 w, respectively. In these conditions, the amount of energy consumption, time, color change, antioxidant and phosphorus predicted amount are equal to 1.05 kWh, 40.94 minutes, 32.24, 90.42 mg/ml, 82%, respectively.

Drying is a common technology that provides a long post-harvest storage period for products such as cantaloupe. Hot air drying is a method that, if the conditions are optimized, gives the product better appearance and improved textural properties. In this study, drying time, specific energy consumption, energy efficiency, shrinkage, rehydration ratio, changes in total color, phenol and antioxidant content were modeled to optimize drying factors (air temperature and air velocity) using the response surface method. The drying processes of the samples were investigated at three temperature levels of 50, 60 and 70 °C and three velocity levels 0.5, 1 and 1.5 m/s. For optimization of the drying conditions (drying time, SEC, energy efficiency, shrinkage, RR, color changes, TPC and AC), the influences of two levels of independent variables including air temperature and air velocity were assessed by response surface method through a face-centered central composite design. The results showed that in the drying of cantaloupe using the hot air method by increasing the inlet air temperature and decreasing the air velocity, energy efficiency, rehydration ratio, total phenol content and antioxidant were increased, while drying time, specific energy consumption, shrinkage and color changes were reduced. The optimum point for drying cantaloupe samples was obtained at an air temperature of 70 °C and air velocity of 0.5 m/s. The results showed that drying at higher temperatures increases the desirability index of the model obtained from the response surface method. The authors believe the outcomes of the present study can be used as a framework for choosing efficient drying parameters for drying cantaloupe or similar fruits in HAD systems

One of the significant bases for perceiving the environment is visual feeling; in this case, the colors are considered the first component, which is perceived together with form and shape. Using and arranging colors in urban spaces is particularly important. It is considered that design and the significant application of color in urban areas are influential principles that affect people's behavior and improve their interaction and participation in the place. In this study, the importance of doing research in local societies was addressed by using a descriptive-analytical method and focusing on the issue of color as a necessity in creating urban spaces; to achieve this aim. The use of color in urban areas was reviewed based on the recognized color scales, the examples of global experiences, and the color position in creating urban placemaking. The results show that the proper use of color in urban spaces is influential in cities' readability, harmony, dynamism, and vitality. Public participation and the presence of local communities also play an essential role in implementing the urban plans using color, which is a crucial factor in establishing the interactions between people and urban spaces.

The ability to recognize color, texture, and shape in image processing technology has led to the development of machine vision systems in various fields of agriculture, conversion industries, and industry. The existence of impurities and seeds with an unsuitable appearance in chickpeas and the direct effect of the appearance quality of the product on its marketability, shows the need for grading this product. The aim of the present study was to distinguish impurities and chickpeas with an inappropriate appearance from chickpeas with a suitable appearance by developing a machine vision system. Totally 270 images including 54 samples of chickpeas with suitable appearance and 36 samples of each type of chickpeas with inappropriate appearance (wrinkled, green, brown, and split) and foreign materials (stone and stem) were prepared. After preparing the sample images, the pre-processing and feature extraction steps were performed automatically and different color, texture and shape properties were extracted by developing and using an image processing algorithm. An algorithm was developed to select efficient features from the extracted features. Efficient features were classified by the artificial neural network method with total accuracy of 91.9%. The detection accuracy for desirable, wrinkled, cotyledon, immature, and brown chickpea and stem and stone impurities was equal to 98.1, 83.3, 100.0, 91.7, 97.2, 77.8, and 97.2% respectively. Using the developed system, the chickpea product can be graded with high accuracy and low cost, so that after separating the impurities, the desirable and undesirable chickpeas can be separated and sent to the market for different uses.

Conventional wastewater treatment methods usually cannot meet the standards required by environmental organizations. Therefore, in this study, the efficiency of advanced oxidation methods using persulfate by various activators of hydrogen peroxide, UV, and ozone in the tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater was investigated. Also, the effects of contact time, solution pH, and the molar ratio of oxidants on the color removal were evaluated. The results showed that the highest color removal was obtained in H2O2/S2O82- with a molar ratio of 1.06 to 1 for three processes of H2O2/S2O82-, UV/H2O2/S2O82- and O3/H2O2/S2O82- in solution pH of 9. A comparison of different systems showed the highest color removal efficiency followed the order of O3/H2O2/S2O82- >UV/H2O2/S2O82- >H2O2/S2O82-. The results showed that activating agents and persulfate have a significant effect on the removal of color in wastewater treatment. Therefore, tertiary wastewater treatment by these processes can effectively reuse wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture.

Persian carpets are known all over the world. Some of these carpets are more famous because of their design, coloring or the quality of the weave, like “Amo-Oghli carpets”. There are special tools and approaches for color-detection, which are chosen based on the type of the product and the required precision for color detection. The main objective of this research is to identify colors and dyes used in these special carpets, based on a non-destructive method. Accordingly, based on reflective data, have been measured by spectrophotometer, the curves of reflection (R) and absorption (K/S) were attained for three red hues of the Amo-Oghli carpet. For this purpose, three red colors of Amo-Oghli carpet, preserved in the carpet museum (with the property number of 556), were considered as the main samples. The color coordinates L* a*b*, C* and h˚ value show that the color matching with experimental prescriptions for red hues in Amo-Oghli carpet is not possible and other possibilities must be considered for the employed dye. Also, the results have been shown that before color matching, it is necessary that dyed yarns exposed to light to be aged.

Dyes have many uses due to their variety and complex structure.In recent years, wastewater from the production or consumption of dyes in various industries have increased and become a serious threat to the environment and human health.The effect of cold plasma as a new and advanced technology for the treatment of dye from wastewater is presented in this review paper. This method can be used for various applications such as treatment and pre-treatment of effluents, removal of pigments, and hazardous chemicals from effluents.In this wastewater treatment system, different cases such as characteristics of effluent, target materials, type of suitable plasma discharge, reactor type, toxicity experiments, biodegradability tests of plasma generated intermediates, environmental compatibility assessment of combined technologies, and economic estimation were considered. According to the studies, the results indicated the positive effects of cold plasma for decolorization of wastewater and also increased efficiency of modern wastewater treatment systems.  

Color is an important key element in the architecture of Iranian mosques. Remarkable mosques of Shiraz which are belonging to the Qajarieh era have significant decorations such as tiling (Haft rang, mosaic and moqali),  inscription, carving, sash (colored glass), porcelain knots and Mogharnas. Nasir Al-Molk Mosque in Shiraz is known as the "jewel of Iranian mosques" due to its extensive decorations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the color palette in the architectural decorations of Nasir Al-Molk Mosque. The research method is descriptive-analytical and by investigating library resources and field research, information has been collected, studied, and explored. Findings of the current study show that the predominant color palette in buildings is warm shades, an issue that was not so common in religious architecture (mosques) before, and Nasir Al-Molk Mosque in Shiraz sought to deconstruct the color palette of religious buildings (mosques). This has led to an increase in the sensory and visual richness of the mosque's architecture. The study and investigation of color in the architecture of historic buildings can be a reference and answer to the visual and applied arts. 

The religion of Islam since its formation has caused changes and alterations in various fields of architecture. These changes included various topics, including building decorations. With the passage of time and the formation of various Girih designs in different parts of the building and various materials, the color factor also found its place and finally color became an integral element in the art of Girih. In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the Girih from a close angle through its constituent geometric elements, and to analyze the color in Girih. The study of color is based on both psychology and archetype. The main research questions are what color characteristics of the Girih are placed next to each other and can a color combination pattern be provided for it? To achieve this question, library studies and architectural and historical documents along with the use of AutoCAD and Photoshop software have been used to determine the color pattern of Girih. The present study has been done with an exploratory approach and a descriptive-analytical research method. Findings indicate that the three main categories of Iranian Girih, namely Kond, Tond and Shol, each have a specific geometric pattern in color combination, and the background and routine of each instrument, depending on the type of Girih, has been determined as the main finding of the research.

General familiarity with the early and ancient fundamentals of making paint and ink of the early centuries results in reconstruction and renewal of the identity of ancient sciences, islamic art and industry.Unlike simple and today's methods of combining of the elements in different industries, in the past, the way of merging the elements with the quadruple methods of construction, in relation to Aristotle’s natural and each element's temperament quality in merging with the other element has been a fundamental principle of  paint-making and ink manufacturing. "Fusion" unlike "combination” is a special type of combining with effect and affect under a special circumstance.This research aims to general familiarization with fundamentals of historical methods of making an ink called Golden ink. This research is a general revision of the methods of paint and ink making in the early centuries.

Color is one of the most important visual features of non-verbal communication and the first symbol to attract or repel a customer. This article is the result of a research on the effect of color on perceived psychological variables of car quality using a quasi-experimental research method.On this basis, the images of two types of cars with green color and a black cover are shown in a statistical sample of 32 undergraduate students, including variables such as comfort, beauty, fuel consumption, environmental friendliness, etc. The participant opinions were collected and analyzed at another time after the color shift of the cars. In summary, the results of this study showed that there was no significant relationship between the two variables of "feeling comfortable" and "beauty" with "car color", but There is a significant relationship between the "feeling of low vehicle consumption", "feeling of environmentally friendly" and "being prestigious " and the type of colors studied. In other words, it can be claimed that green cars induce a more environmentally friendly feeling and that black cars appear to be more prestigious. Another finding of this study is the relationship between color and masculinity and femininity of cars, which are presented as two colors of more feminine green and masculine black.

Stating the issue with a quick look at the traditional system of Iranian cities and the specific hierarchy existing in them, it may be claimed that in their culture, the manifestation of the spirit of the residents and compatible with their surrounding nature is visible. It’s very important to know how the presence of colors are used in space and for what purpose colors are used. Nowadays, due to the ongoing construction process, we are witnessing a diminution identity of the cities and this is a matter that needs to be checked. The aim and focuse of the present study on color, color combinations, semantic relation between colors and the role of this coordination in creating perspective Integrated to the urban cities in the Iranian-Islamic cities, Arsan Shahri Zandieh Shiraz is a small sample of Iranian urban perspective that the role and impact of color in this collection has been reviewed.The research method of this paper is descriptive-analytical. To formulate a theoretical framework of the research, library studies and to analyze the colors used in this collection of field observations, the method of Hey Baang and the method of Langlo has been used. The findings of the research show that the creation of a unique urban space such as the Zand to Shiraz, color as an element importantly, a special look has been made. In the arts and architecture of this collection of color-compatible climates and indigenous identities are used. Also, maximum use of color to increase the sensory and visual of this place can be seen. The study and analysis of urban spaces left over from the traditional city in the incidence and the rules and rules governing it can be reference and responsive.

Colors can be a communicative tool between autism children and the world, where they are not able to communicate with. In fact, these children have lost their ability to recognize their spatial position in spaces due to brain problems and they are unable to communicate with others and ask questions from them to find out about their spatial position. Hence, given the strong memory of these children in understanding and recognizing the visual information, colors can be used as one of the most available visual signs for defining and encoding various activities and spaces for these individuals. Colors can represent these individuals in which part of the space they should be and where and how perform a given activity. Thus, the colors give meaning to the meaningless world of the autistic children through the establishment of communication between these children and the world around them. Therefore, without color signs, these children are faced with anxiety and fear of being in an unknown and unpredictable space. The fear and anxiety can leave negative impact on the education of these individuals. Hence, the importance of using color is evident in autism educational environments. Accordingly, this research was conducted to review the application of appropriate colors in the design of educational environments for autistic children. Finally, by reviewing and investigating the studies related to the subject of this paper, it was shown that proper application of colors in the definition of educational spaces can be effective in reducing anxiety, keeping the peace of mind, concentration and consequently, improving the learning process and treatment of these children.

Nowadays, brands influence various aspects of life and sometimes even represent our ways of life and culture. In this research, we investigate the impact of color index in clothes on customer loyalty by considering the mediation role of the brand character. A descriptive data collection and random sampling method were used in the statistical population of the customers of LC.Waikiki stores in the Mazandaran province. Following the Cochran formula, 384 customers were randomly selected as the sample population and asked to answer a Likert Scale standard questionnaire (a five point scale). The Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient of 0.813 was calculated which confirmed the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. SPSS22 and LISREL8.54 software were used for data analysis of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov, and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin tests. The results indicate that the clothes’ color has a direct and meaningful effect on the customer loyalty. However, it is observed that the brand’s character and identity in relation to the clothes’ color, play a minor mediation role in the customer loyalty.

Grass pea is rich protein whereas it not consumed widely. Grass pea has same nutritional value with Clover, Alfalfa, Sainfoin and other forage plants which it has 12-22% protein. Extrusion cooking changes properties of Grass pea. Therefore, extruded Grass pea could use independently or as alternative in various formulations. The objective of this study was to apply response surface methodology by Design expert software to estimate the physicochemical and sensory properties of grass pea extrudate and to evaluate of the extrusion process include feed moisture (12-20%), die temperature (120-160°C) and screw speed (120-180 rpm) on properties of extruded Grass pea ( porosity, hardness, sensory properties) and its flour ( color, oil absorbtion index) were evaluated. By increasing feed moisture hardness increased and porosity, lightness (L*), yellowness (b*), redness (a*), oil absorption index and overall acceptability of extruded Grass pea decreased. Increasing die temperature increased redness, oil absorption index of extruded Grass pea whereas hardness, yellowness and overall acceptability of extruded Green pea decreased. Increasing screw speed increased redness, oil absorption index and overall acceptability of extruded Grass pea whereas hardness and yellowness decreased. Process conditions to produce best porosity, texture, color, oil absorption and overall acceptability were 12% moisture content, 137 ° C temperature and 137 rpm screw speed. In this condition, the best porosity, hardness, color, highest and lowest amounts of oil absorption will be obtain.

Carpet is an instance of Islamic art and a display of beauty and religion. This national art became the center of focus during the reign of the Safavid dynasty. Many carpets with different designs and patterns have survived from this era, each carrying a particular meaning with the aim of promoting Shia Islam. These include prayer carpets and rugs which were produced in many sizes and variants in court workshops. These carpets and rugs gained importance in this era due to their religious applications. Prayer rugs which have affinity with the architecture and structure of mosque sanctuaries, have decorations of plant colors, geometric abstract arrays, and pictographs which contain content from Hadith and the Quran. With regards to symbolism in Persian carpet and religious application of prayer carpets, first, the colors of Safavid prayer carpets have been studied in this paper in order to identify the common colors used in these carpets. Next, the color of prayer carpets have been compared to other types of carpets in order to specify whether the use of these colors were deliberate or accidental. Results show that these colors were knowingly chosen and have differences with colors in non-prayer carpets. Although many patterns are used in prayer carpets, only seven specific colors have been applied. These colors, which are considered sacred and respected in Islamic mysticism, are white, black, brown, blue, red, yellow, and green. Each of these colors are constantly utilized in general prayer carpets and portray symbolic and sacred meanings such as promoting Shia Islam, unity, and the presence of man in heaven. Thus, it can be concluded that the role and composition of colors in Safavid prayer carpets is based on implied meanings, which in addition to introducing Islamic and Shia concepts, increases the spiritual state of worshipers in their prayers. This research has been conducted with library sources, and descriptive and analytic qualitative method.