جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « متانول » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

Using cryopreservation techniques are so important in conducting brood stock selection programs, species protection, and accessibility to the spermatozoa throughout the year. Normally, in the conventional method in Iran, the formulation based on egg yolk and DMSO has been employed to freeze the sturgeon sperm. In the present study, the MT extender (Modified Tsvetkova’s) which consists of the main components of methanol, sucrose, potassium chloride, and Tris has been used for the preservation of Acipenser stellatus spermatozoa, without using chemical substance DMSO and egg yolk. Our results demonstrated that the frozen sperm had at least 30% motility after one year of storage in nitrogen tank. The results of this research show that this extender could be used to preserve Acipenser stellatus spermatozoa. Since the sperm’s concentration of sturgeon species are similar, the usage of the MT extender can be suggested for other species of the sturgeons.

The irrigation with a magnetic water increases the yield of plants by improving solubility and the nutrient availability in the soil profile. Furthermore, methanol spraying as a source of carbon dioxide, which increases the concentration of this gas around the plant, enhances the photosynthesis and plant yield. This study was conducted to evaluate soybean reaction by irrigation with different magnetic field intensities and foliar application of different concentrations of methanol in the research field at the Agriculture Faculty, Islamic Azad University-Sanandaj branch, during two consecutive years (2017–2018). The experiment was designed as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Different intensities of magnetic water (0, 4, 8, 12 mTesla) were used in the main plot and foliar application of methanol concentrations (distilled water: control, 10, 20 and 30% v/v) in sub-plots. The results showed that the height of first axillary stem decreased significantly, but grain yield, biomass, oil and protein yield were significantly higher in treatments with magnetic water. Grain yield, increased by magnetic irrigation with 4, 8 and 12 mT intensities, compared to the control, by 45.56, 70.05 and 72.19%, respectively. Also the all characters were significantly affected by methanol spraying× year interactions. The interactions of magnetic water × methanol foliar applications were significant in some characters. However, based on interaction effect, the superiority of the studied traits was evident in the second year under the influence of magnetic water at 8 mT and 20% methanol.

 Nowadays, spraying method is used in plant nutrition to optimize the use of chemical fertilizers and reduce environmental hazards. With the foliar solution, the elements are quickly transferred to the plant and delivered to the branch, leaf, or fruit. Surveys show that increase performance per unit area is one of the most important things that has attracted the attention of many researchers. The first requirement for high performance is high dry matter production per unit area. Some experiments have shown that increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air can increase yield, accelerate flowering and accumulate carbohydrates in plants. One of the solutions to increase carbon dioxide concentrations in plants is to use compounds such as ethanol and methanol. Therefore feeding plants with alcohols such as ethanol and methanol as carbon sources is one of the appropriate methods to increase their quantitative and qualitative properties.
 Due to the importance of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) in the production of valuable secondary metabolites, and also the effect of ethanol and methanol on some morphological and physiological parameters of this plant, a pot experiment was conducted in factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Shahed University in 2018. Foliar treatments included different concentrations of 0, 15, 30 and 45% ethanol, methanol and combine them that was done in three stages. The studied traits were plant height, number of leaves per plant, biological yield, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid, essential oil percentage, essential oil yield and protein percentage. Data analysis was performed using SAS statistical software (version 9.2) and mean treatments were compared by LSD test. Also charts were drawn by excel software.
 The results showed that the simple effects of ethanol and methanol on plant height, biological yield, flavonoid content, essential oil percentage, essential oil yield and protein percentage were significant but their interactions were not significant. Ethanol 45% had the most effect on percentage and yield of essential oil and protein percentage. But the use of 15% ethanol treatment had the highest value in other traits (plant height, total phenol and flavonoids), which was at a statistical level with 45% methanol treatment. Also interaction between ethanol and methanol on leaf number per plant, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid was significant at 1% probability level. The highest number of leaves per plant and chlorophyll a (29.55 µg/g fresh leaf weight) was observed in the combination of 15% ethanol and 15% methanol, while the highest amount of chlorophyll b (20.86 µg/g fresh leaf weight) and total chlorophyll (49.85 µg/g fresh leaf weight) was related to the combined application of 15% ethanol and 45% methanol.
 
Foliar spraying is one of the methods of fertilization and supply of nutrients to plants that due to high absorption rate nutrients can be made available to plants in the shortest time. The results of this study showed that all the studied traits were significantly affected by one or more of the ethanol and methanol treatments. Therefore, the foliar application of ethanol and methanol as carbon sources has an important role in improving the qualitative and quantitative parameters of peppermint.

In order to evaluate the morphological, quantitative and qualitative traits of different fodder beet cultivars (genotypes) under foliar application of methanol and the glycine betaine amino acid, the present study was conducted in 2018 in Hamedan and Qom. The experiment was designed as a factorial split plot in a randomized complete block with three replications. The studied factors were methanol at three levels of foliar application (control, 15 and 30% by volume of methanol) as the first factor, glycine at two levels (control and 4 gL-1 of methanol consumed) the second factor, and six fodder beet cultivars (SBSI050, SBSI051, SBSI052, Brunium, Jamon, and Kyros) as the third factor. Results showed a significant difference (P<0.01) among locations. The root yield in Hamedan region was 40.59 tha-1 more than Qom region. Methanol foliar application increased root yield by an average of 16.56 t ha-1 and dry matter yield by 2.85 tha-1 compared with control treatment. Glycine foliar application also made a significant difference in quantitative traits thorough the average total yield by 17.47 tha-1. There was no significant difference between different levels of methanol and glycine in qualitative traits including crude protein and root digestibility. A significant difference (P<0.01) was observed among genotypes. Based on the results of interaction between genotype and methanol, kyros treatment in Hamedan with applying 15% methanol concentration recorded 120 tha-1 root yield, 20 tha-1 root dry matter yield, and 142 tha-1 total yield which is recommended as the optimum option.

In order to study the effect of methanol and seed inoculation with plant growth promoting  rhizobacteria on grain filling components, chlorophyll content and grain yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under various irrigation levels, a factorial experiment has been conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2020. The experimental factors include irrigation (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at 50% heading-bud, and flowering stages), biofertilizers application (no application as control, seed inoculation with Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas and both application of Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas), and methanol foliar application: (foliar application with water as control and foliar application with 10% and 20% volume of methanol). The results show that the content chlorophyll a (41.57%), b (74.59%) and total chlorophyll (49.33%), grain filling period, and effective grain filling period (27.32% and 72.89% respectively) and grain yield (69.2%) have increased under full irrigation condition, foliar application 20% volume of methanol, and both application of Flavobacterium with Pseudomonas in comparison with irrigation withholding at 50% heading-bud and no application of biofertilizers and methanol. Generally, the results show that application of plant growth-promoting bacteria and methanol can increase grain yield of safflower by improving chlorophyll content and grain filling components under water limitation condition.

Abiotic stresses are major constraints for many crop plants in specific areas over the globe which limits crop production. Drought, the occurrence of a substantial water deficit in the soil, is an alarming constraint to crop productivity and yield stability worldwide. Drought is the leading environmental stress in world agriculture, causing losses in crop yield. Drought stress adversely affects a variety of vital physiological and biochemical processes in plants, leading to reduced growth and final crop yield. One quick strategy to promote plant drought tolerance is exogenous application of various compounds, including organic solutes (organic osmolytes and plant growth regulators) and mineral nutrients. Recently, this strategy has gained considerable attention because of its efficiency, feasibility, and cost- and labor-effectiveness. In this experiment, we studied the roles of some plant growth regulators foliar application including putrescine, humic acid, salisylic acid and methanol, in foxtail millet response to drought stress in enhancing millet drought tolerance and alleviating the damaging effects of drought stress.

In order to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators on yield and morpho-phenological traits of foxtail millet under drought stress condition an experiment in split plot arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications conducted in two years of 2017 and 2018 at the Agricultural Research Center of Birjand branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand. Experimental factors included drought stress as main factor in three levels (irrigation in 30, 70 and 100 percent of plant water requirement) and foliar application of plant growth regulators as sub plot in five levels (control and foliar application of putrescine, humic acid, salisylic acid and methanol). The water requirement was determined by FAO method using evaporation data from Class A pan with 80% efficiency for field water distribution (Hellen et al., 1998). In this method, FAO guidelines were used to determine the vegetative coefficient at different stages of growth. Foliar application of 1 mM salicylic acid, 1 mM putrescine, 1.5 kg.ha-1 humic acid, and 25% volumetric methanol were used in two stages (early stem elongation and early flowering). The averages of data statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) by using the SAS system for windows, version 9.1 (SAS Inst., 2001) and means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test at 0.05% probability.

Results showed that drought stress led to significant reduction in plant height, peduncle length, number of panicle per meter square, number of grain per panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and biomass while foliar application of plant growth regulators improved morphological traits, yield components and finally grain yield. The highest biomass and grain yield were obtained at 100% water requirement with 704.5 and 267.7 g.m-2, respectively. At 70% of water requirement these traits decreased by 20.2 and 25.2 percent and in 30% of water requirement they reduced by 51.2% and 58.4%, respectively. Foliar application of putrescine, humic acid, salisylic acid and methanol enhanced millet grain yield by 8.3, 23.9, 17.1 and 19.6 percent, respectively in contrast to control treatment. Investigation the interaction of year in irrigation on biomass and grain yield revealed that in both studied years, the highest values of these traits were obtained from 100% water requirement treatment and with increasing of stress intensity they reduced significantly.

Generally, results revealed that application of plant growth regulators improved foxtail millet grain yield under water stress. Application of humic acid under optimal irrigation condition and application of methanol in severe drought stress had the highest impact in improving grain yield.

Anethum graveolens L is used to treat colds, coughs, urinary problems, bloating, and spasms. Water deficit may cause significant changes in the yield and composition of essential oils of medicinal plants. In order to improve water stress tolerance of plants, various mechanisms have been proposed. The use of materials such as vermicompost, zeolite, superabsorbent and methanol can partially compensate for the lowering of yield from drought stress. Therefore, it is important to use methods that can tolerate plants under drought stress conditions.

To evaluate the effect of organic and chemical growth improvers application on yield and essential oil percentage of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) under water deficit stress conditions, a field experiment was conducted as split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications in Birjand, Iran, during 2017 growing season. The main factor included three levels of water stress (60, 120, 180 mm evaporation form class A pan) and the sub-factor included five levels of organic and chemical growth improvers; control (no application), zeolite (5 t.ha-1), vermi compost (6.5 t.ha-1), super absorbent polymer (100 kg.ha-1) and methanol (20 v/v).

The results showed that water deficit significantly reduced all studied traits except harvest index and essential oil percentage. Also, organic and chemical improvement agents had a positive and significant effect on plant height, number of umbrellas per plant, grain yield, biological yield and essential oil yield. Interaction of water deficit stress and organic and chemical improvement agents was significant on number of umbrellas per plant, number of seeds per umbrella, grain yield, biological yield and essential oil yield. By increasing the intensity of water deficit stress, the use of organic and chemical improvers increased the yield of seeds and essential oils. Under severe stress conditions and in comparison, with control treatment, super absorbent application increased the yield of seeds and essential oil to 34.43 and 37.27%, respectively, and methanol spraying increased the yield of seeds and essential oils by 34.17% and 42.85. The results of this experiment showed that the use of organic and chemical improvers reduced the damage to seed yield and essential oil yield under water deficit stress conditions. Also, the results revealed that when the plant is exposed to intensive stress, substances such as superabsorbent and methanol can be used to modify the stress. Using these materials under severe stress conditions increased the grain yield by 34% compared to the control. In order to achieve maximum yield of essential oil, use of organic and chemical improvers has been beneficial. Under severe stress conditions, methanol spraying and super absorbent application increased the essential oil yield of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) in Birjand region.

In order to achieve the maximum yield of essential oil, use of organic and chemical improvers has been beneficial. Under severe stress conditions, methanol spraying and super absorbent application increased the essential oil yield of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) in Birjand region.

The propose of this study is evaluation effects of different solvents on antioxidant activity and phenol and flavonoid content of Postia puberula (Asteracea). The obtained ethanol, methanol, water and hydroalchol extract were investigated for antioxidant activity and phenol and flavonoid content. The antioxidant activity were measured by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene/linoleic acid assay, also phenol and flavonoid content were measured by gallic acid and quercetin as standard compound. The result of this study showed that the the different solvents can effective on antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid content so that, in both method hydroalchol extract has more antioxidant activity, also hydroalchol extract has more phenol, but more flavonoid  observed in ethanolic extract

Optimal management of irrigation water and optimal use of food under salinity and drought is very important. The objective of this research was assessment root water uptake function of tomato under simultaneous water, salinity and   different levels of nitrogen stresses. The experiments were carried out on tomato plant in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consist four levels of water irrigation (50, 75, 100 and 100 percent of water requirement), Six levels of salinity (1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 dS/m) and three levels of nitrogen including zero, 50 and 100 percent of the fertilizer needs. Water, salinity and nitrogen stresses treatments were applied from the flowering plant. .The results showed under simultaneous salinity and nitrogen stresses, modified MB model and under simultaneous water and salinity stresses, MB-H, MB-F,MB-D and MB-VG models had better accuracy and MB-F Model in comparison with other models had the best fit against the measured data. In simultaneous water, salinity and nitrogen stresses multiplicative MB-MB-F model is the best fit than other suggested

In order to study the effects of irrigation, methanol and humic acid foliar application on the traits, some of the soluble content and chicory root elements, the present research was carrid out in Birjand Azad University research farm using split plots-factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2016. In the present research a three level irrigation was used as the main plot (irrigation after 70T 140 and 210 mm of accumulative evaporation from pan) and methanol foliar in two levels (zero and 21 % of the volume) well as humic acid with two levels (zero and 10 li per hectar) in the form of factorial as the sub plot. The results showed that irrigation delay from 70 to 210 mm of accumulative evaporation from pan, the root length, number of root branch, percent of molasses sugar, N and P and dry root yield decreased b by 46, 37, 23, 39, 56 and 44% respectively. Also applying of 10 L.ha-1 of humic acid resulted in significant increase in the root length, number of root branch, N, P and K, dry root yield and water use efficiency of root by 12, 19, 15, 18.5, 35, 9 and 7% respectively compared to the control treatment. Also, although methanol application had a significant effect on root traits, it did not have significant interaction with irrigation. In general, the results of the study showed that the use of humic acid could reduce the negative effects of deficit water stress on Chicory.

Extracts of some plants could be used as botanical pesticides because of their lethal effects, repellency and antifeedant activity on insect pests. In this study, bioactivities of different extracts of two plant species, the sickleweed Falcaria vulgaris Bernhand the celery Apium graveolens L., (both belonging to the Apiaceae family) were evaluated against the potato tuber moth (PTM) Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller, 1873). Insects were reared in controlled conditions at 26±2ºC, a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) h and 50±5% RH, on potato tubers. Foliage of plants were washed by distilled water, and air-dried in shadow. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol as solvents of different polarity, respectively. Ovicidal activity, lethal toxicity against 1st instars and oviposition deterrency of extracts were investigated. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of F. vulgaris against one-day old eggs of PTM was estimated as 2.5 and 3.38 g/l, respectively. Also, the same extracts of A. graveolens showed ovicidal activity at concentration rates of 2.12 and 2.81 g/l, respectively. Inhalation toxicity of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of F. vulgaris with LC50 estimated values of 5.59 and 13.43 mg/l was significantly more than other extracts. Methanol extracts of both plants showed neither ovicidal nor inhalation toxicity. Ethyl acetate, hexane and methanol extracts of both plants showed effective oviposition deterrency against adults of PTM. Ethyl acetate extract of A. graveolens and F. vulgaris showed 100% and more than 80% oviposition deterrency respectively. Considerable toxicity and oviposition deterrency of both plant extracts detected in this study show their potential as a control agent in PTM management programs.

In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation, foliar application of methanol and plant density on morphophysiological traits, yield and yield components of cotton, a split-split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Birjand, Iran in 2014. The main plots were irrigation interval (irrigation after 120 and 240 mm cumulative evaporation), the sub-plots were methanol spray (0, 10and 20 volume percent) and the sub-sub-plots were plant density (10 and 20 plants. m-2). The results showed that irrigation interval significantly affected plant height, branch number of main stem, stem diameter, stomatal conductivity, chlorophyle index, relative water content, boll number per m2, yields of seed, lint, seed cotton and biological. As decreased irrigation interval from 240 to 120 mm cumulative evaporation, these traits significantly increased by 16.3, 48.8, 25.3, 105.4, 11.6, 23.6, 60.9, 60.8, 76.6, 68.9 and 55.6%, respectively. Also, foliar application of methanol significantly increased boll number per m2, yields of seed, lint, seed cotton and biological.  Moreover, plant height, boll number per m2, yields of seed, lint, seed cotton and biological increased by 14.4, 23.5, 15.4, 26.7, 21.2 and 17.6 %, respectively with the increase in olant density from 10 to 20 plants. m-2. The results showed that irrigation after 120 mm cumulative evaporation, application of 10volume percentof methanol and density of 20 plants. m-2 are suitablefor thecultivation of cotton in Birjand, Iran.

​Distillates are one of the most popular consumer products of medicinal plants. High essential oil and low methanol contents have always been considered as two desirable factors by experts in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In order to investigate the effect of harvest height on Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) distillate quality, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Four harvesting heights of 15, 25, 35 and 45 cm (measured from the highest point of the plant), as well as the remaining stalk, were the treatments in this research. The measured traits were: methanol and essential oil content in the distillates. The results of statistical analysis showed a significant effect of treatments on the studied traits. It can be said that methanol values significantly increased with the harvesting height measured from the top. It varied from 71.64 ± 2.7 mg/l for the height of 15 cm to 219.77 ± 3.52 mg/l for 45 cm. In the remaining stalk, methanol values increased from 142.33 ± 1.34 mg/l for 15 cm height to 393.86±24.65 mg/l for 35 cm height. It should be mentioned that at 45 cm height of cut, there was no remaining stalk. The amount of essential oil in the distillate increased with harvesting height. The findings of this study showed that the harvesting height of 15 cm from the highest part of the plant is recommended for obtaining a higher distillate quality with lower methanol content, and the possibility of increasing the number of harvesting cuts for the production of medicinal and nutritional products.

In order to study the effect of foliar application of different levels of methanol on yield and physiological traits of two dry-land wheat varieties, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design in 2014-2015 in Khorram Abad climate conditions in research farm of Khorram Abad Agriculture Station. The experimental factors were: (M) Methanol foliar application (M1: distilled water (Control), M2: 10% (v/v) methanol, M3: 15% (v/v) methanol, M4: 20% (v/v) methanol, M5: 25% (v/v) methanol and M6: 30% (v/v) methanol); (V) wheat varieties (V1: Zagros, V2: Qaboos). Results showed that the effect of different levels of methanol foliar application on SPAD index and relative water content was significant and highest amount of these traits obtained in 20% methanol and 25% methanol resulted to highest biological and grain yield but methanol application had no significant impact on protein content. Highest leaf area, biological yield and grain yield obtained in Qaboos variety and highest protein content observed in Zagros variety. It appears that foliar application of methanol resulted to decrease in photo-respiration and increasing accessibility of carbon resulted from methanol degradation and Qaboos variety produced more grain yield and vegetative growth due to higher adaptability with growth medium conditions.

In order to study the effect of salicylic acid, spermidine and methanol on yield, yield components, proline content, and essential oil quantity and quality of fennel in different levels of irrigation, an experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Farm Research Station of the College of Agriculture in Bardsir in 2016. The experimental treatments were deficit irrigation levels (90%, 50% and 25% of the field capacity) assigned to main plot and foliar application of salicylic acid (1 mM), spermidine (0.2 mM) and methanol (30% vol) as subplots. The results showed that increased levels of drought stress resulted in significant increase of essential oil percentage and proline content, and significant decrease of other studied traits. The highest percentage of essential oil (2.86) was assigned to irrigation at 25% of the field capacity and the lowest (1.84) in 90% of the field capacity. All the studied traits were affected by foliar application (P≤0.01), except for essential oil percentage. The interaction effect of the treatments on number of branches, number of umbel per plant, number of seeds per umbel, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, seed yield, essential oil yield and proline content were significant. In irrigation at 90% of the field capacity, the highest seed yield (1081 kg.ha-1), biological yield (5413 kg.ha-1), essential oil yield (20.65 kg. ha-1) and proline (32.87 μmol) was related to methanol foliar application. However, at levels of 50 and 25% of the field capacity irrigation, the highest amount of these traits was found in salicylic acid foliar application. In all the traits, no significant difference was observed between spermidine foliar application and control treatment at all the irrigation levels. In general, the results confirmed that methanol foliar application was beneficial for non stress conditions, and the salicylic acid foliar application could satisfactory mitigate the negative effects of drought stress on fennel.

Studies on different parts of the walnut is indicate the exist of antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer properties. In this work, the effect of variety levels of temperature, time and solvent concentration investigated on antioxidant property of Methanol extract of interstitial tissue in walnut kernel during ultrasound process by response surface methodology statistical design. The results showed that increasing of temperature and time improved the antioxidant property, but in highest level of temperature, time and solvent antioxidant property decreased due to phenolic component oxidation and polymerization or dilution of extract. The best of condition for achieve to extract with high antioxidant based on Total phenol, DPPH and FRAP methods were 28.71 min, 39.22 oC and 416.57 ml per 25 gr interstitial tissue powder. Under these parameter yield of extraction, total phenol component, DPPH and FRAP calculated 3.706%, 22.67 (Gallic acid), 0.0108 (IC50) and 1270.05 (mMol Fe) .respectively.

In order to investigate the effect of the foliar application of various combinations on corn maternal plant on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the seed an experiment was conducted in factorial form based on RCBD with three replications during growing seasons of 2009-2011. Treatments were four growth stages (the 8-10 leaves, the tasseling, the seed-filling, all the stages), seven levels of foliar application (Methanol, Zn, B, Mg, N, Mn, a mixture of all combinations) and control as a separate plot. The analysis of the data showed a significant effect of the combination type of foliar application in different stages on the reserve of N, protein and starch content and grain yield per plant. The detailed results of the study showed that foliar application with a mixture of all combinations in all stages increased the reserved N and protein content in comparison with control 0/3 and 16 %, respectively. Foliar application with N, Mg, Zn, Mn and B in grain-filling stage, N, Mg and Mn foliar application in tasseling and N, Mg and B foliar application in all stages had the highest germination percent (100%). Therefore, N foliar application in the 8-10 leave, tasseling and the seed-filling stages increased 33% grain yield in comparison with the control.

In order to evaluate light extinction coefficient and radiation use efficiency in response to foliar application of on sugar beet a study was performed using completely randomized block design with factorial treatments in 3 replication at research farm of Islamic azad university, Karaj branch(Maahdasht) in 2008-2009. Aqueos solutions 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 %(v/v) methanol and each solution contained 0.2% glycine. These solutions was sprayed 3 times in two week inervals on foliage parts of sugar beet. The plots were sampled 6 times during growing seaseon. Results of the experiment indicated that there was significant differences between effects of solutions on radiation use efficiency. The comparison of 21% (v/v) and 0 (control) indicated that radiation use efficiency was increased about 43 percent in 21%(v/v) also the maximum optimum leaf area index that was gained the maximum CGR related to 21%(v/v). There was not significant differences between effects of solutions on light extinction coefficient. Light extinction coefficient was decreased in comparison with other levels of solution by 21 %(v/v).

To study the effects of spray Methanol on farming and morphological characteristics under water deficit stress on oil sun flower was conducted on RCBD with three replications at research station of Islamic Azad University Varamin branch, in 2012. Experimental factors were water deficit stress as main plots (normal irrigation, drought stress in flowering phase and drought stress in filling of grain phase) and methanol ( lack of methanol, 10% methanol, 20% methanol and 30% methanol) as sub plots. Times of spray methanol were when plant had 8 leafs, 15 days after and 15 days after. Results showed that drought stress decreased1000 kernel weight, Head diameter, grain yield, biological yield but it increased EC. Also spray methanol increased grain yield, biological yield, 1000 kernel weight, Head diameter but it decreased EC. Analysis of variance showed that interaction drought stress and spray methanol significantly affected on investigated traits.Maximum grain yield was obtained from normal irrigation and spray methanol that was 3205/667 and minimum grain yield was obtained from drought stress in filling of grain phase and lack of methanol that was 1648/371.In general, sun flower is sensitive in filling of grain phase and methanol decrease drought stress effects.