جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "barriers" در نشریات گروه "کشاورزی"

In response to the substantial reliance on imported edible oils and oilseeds, a key agenda of the government and the Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad is the expansion and enhancement of oilseed cultivation, specifically focusing on rapeseed. Consequently, the Agricultural Jahad Organization of Mazandaran Province has prioritized the development and expansion of rapeseed cultivation. This study aims to identify and analysis the driving and inhibiting factors influencing the development of rapeseed cultivation in the eastern region of Mazandaran province.

This study utilized a mixed-model paradigm, incorporating descriptive-exploratory research. Data collection occurred in two phases and underwent analysis using MAXQDA Analytics Pro and SPSS software. In the qualitative phase, crucial factors affecting rapeseed cultivation were gathered through interviews with 14 experts, researchers, and leading farmers in Mazandaran province, selected through purposive sampling. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was designed to assess the significance of identified factors from the perspective of rapeseed growers. The sample consisted of 3637 active rapeseed farmers in the east rural areas of Mazandaran province. The sample size in this section was determined using Daniel's formula and the samples were selected based on multistage simple random sampling with proportional assignment. In this way, 231 rapeseed growers were studied.

Qualitative content analysis identified 31 variables as significant driving factors and 50 variables as major inhibiting factors for rapeseed cultivation development in Mazandaran province. The quantitative findings revealed that approximately 53.4% of the variance in factors promoting rapeseed cultivation development was explained by extension-educational factors, advantageous-technical factors, input-support factors, and cultivation-facilitating factors. Furthermore, about 55.4% of the variance in inhibiting factors was attributed to physiological characteristics and climatic factors, economic and marketing issues, inappropriate farm management, weak resources and infrastructure, and extension-educational factors.

Based on the results, this study proposes implementing targeted extension-educational activities, effective farm and production unit management, and supportive policies, including financial assistance, to foster the development of rapeseed cultivation in the east rural areas of Mazandaran province.

Despite the undeniable role of women in achieving sustainable rural development, and considering that empowerment is the key to sustainable development, the evidence shows that there are numerous obstacles on the way to rural women's empowerment especially in the economic dimension. Therefore, this survey research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the inhibitors to the rural women's economic empowerment. The statistical population of this research was all the women aged 15 years and above in the villages of Tarem county (N=14415) which among them, a sample of 375 people was selected by proportional stratified sampling method. The research instrument for data collection was a questionnaire whose content validity was confirmed by the faculty members of university of Zanjan and the experts of Jihad Agriculture Organization of Zanjan province. In order to check the reliability of the questionnaire, a pilot study was also conducted, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the main scales of the questionnaire were acceptable. The collected data were analyzed using SPSSWin26 software. The descriptive results showed that the rural women's economic empower was at a relatively weak level in terms of the two indicators of economic mobility and economic decision-making power. In addition, the results of the factor analysis indicated that the five extracted factors including weak support and structural limitations, weak entrepreneurial spirit, mistrust and inappropriate social prejudices, rejection and marginalization, and weak professional skills explained 61.5 percent of the total variance of "inhibitors to rural women's economic empowerment". Moreover, the findings of the regression analysis revealed that all the five extracted factors had negative and significant effects on the level of rural women's economic empower. Finally, the findings of this research, by helping to better understand the situation of rural women in terms of economic empowerment indicators and through a deeper analysis of the inhibitors facing them, can provide useful information to planners and policymakers to design and implement effective interventions for the rural women's economic empowerment.

Today, changing human behavior by adopting green entrepreneurship is necessary for a sustainable future. Green entrepreneurship is a new sustainability term and a strategy to green a business by minimizing harmful factors on the environment and committing to economic and social sustainability. Despite the advantages and benefits of green entrepreneurship in agricultural sectors; there are many barriers to development of this type of entrepreneurship. The main goal of this research is to identify the barriers and limitations of green entrepreneurship in the greenhouse units of Golestan province with PESTEL analysis. The statistical population studied included active vegetable and summer greenhouse units in Golestan province, and the samples were studied in full with 70 greenhouse systems. This research is applied and descriptive and correlational (variance matrix analysis) in terms of purpose and data collection method, respectively.  Among various researches, in this study, the barriers and challenges of green entrepreneurship were investigated for the first time based on PESTEL analysis. The face validity of the research tool was confirmed based on the collective opinion of experts and specialists of agricultural Jihad of Golestan province and faculty members of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. Discriminant validity was assessed using AVE and reliability was evaluated through Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability indices (higher than 0.6). For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis based on partial least squares method with Smart PLS3 software was used. The results revealed that environmental, social, legal, technical, political, and economic factors are the most important challenges and barriers of green entrepreneurship. Guaranteed and contractual purchase of green products by the government and amendment of regulations and laws for exporting and branding green products are suggested for the development of green entrepreneurship.

The micro credit fund is a mechanism for mobilizing financial resources and granting small loans in order to launch sustainable income-generating activities and strengthen women's participation in the rural development process. This descriptive and survey research, aimed to identify achievements and barriers ahead the micro credit funds of rural women in 2019 in Golestan province. The statistical population of the study was 913 members of 19 rural women micro credit funds in Golestan province. Using Krejcie and Morgan table and stratified random sampling, 226 of them were selected as research samples. Data gathered through a researcher made questionnaire and its face validity was confirmed by experts. The reliability analysis was calculated with Cronbach alpha coefficient and it was 0.91 for achievements section and 0.84 for barriers section. The research findings showed that 9 achievements consist of social, occupation, group production work, entrepreneurial, self reliance, control on financial resources, responsibility acceptance, family stable and gender equity, explain about 61% cumulative variance of the funds’ achievements and 10 barriers consist of participation barrier, barrier the loss of governmental support, mistrust barrier, individual barrier, cultural-economical barrier, dependence barrier and lack of independence, family poverty barrier, lack of control barrier, cover barrier and hazards, explain 63.6 % cumulative variance of barriers ahead the funds. This study recommended the focus of the fund's activities on achieving all the goals in a balanced way, with an emphasis on educating members and providing the necessary intellectual and practical contexts to promote members' participation in decision-making.

Unemployment of agricultural and natural resources graduates is one of the challenges that can be solved to some extent by forming agricultural cooperatives. In the various fields of production, distribution of inputs, conversion and processing, and marketing of agricultural products agricultural cooperatives are of the necessary potential to create employment for agricultural graduates. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the behavioral intention of agricultural students towards the formation of agricultural cooperatives using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The statistical population is all undergraduate students of Lorestan University in the academic year 1400. Using Cochran's formula, 363 cases were determined as the sample size. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed by content validity analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficients, respectively. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS and PLS software. The results showed that the behavioral intention of students to form agricultural cooperatives is influenced by the variables of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, and these three variables are also affected by the three variables of behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and controlled beliefs, respectively. According to the results, the effects of students' behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and controlled beliefs on their attitude, subjective beliefs, and perceived behavioral control towards the formation of agricultural cooperatives were significant. Also, the three variables of attitude, subjective beliefs, and perceived behavioral control have significant effects on students' behavioral intention towards forming agricultural cooperatives. These three variables explained 62.7% of the variance of students' intention. The implications of this research can be a guide for cooperative planners and those in charge of the employment of students in the field of agriculture and natural resources.

The main purpose of this descriptive-analytical study was to identify and explain the barriers to protection of water resources in the Urmia Lake Basin. Participants in this research were key experts and informants in UL Rehabilitation Headquarters, Urmia University, Agriculture-Jihad Organizations, Regional Water Companies, Departments of Environmental Protection and Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centers in three provinces of West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan and Kurdistan among which 19 people were selected through purposive sampling method for doing the research. Semi-structured interviews (in individual and group form) were used to collect data and the data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. The results of the study showed that barriers to water resources protection in the Urmia Lake Basin were in the form of 28 different signs among which not using the real participation of stakeholders in water resources management (among the signs related to social- cultural barriers), lack of promotion of sustainable and compatible livelihoods with water resources at the basin level (among the signs related to economic barriers), lack of sufficient coherence for decision-making between local, provincial and national levels (among the signs related to organizational- Institutional barriers), the lack of comprehensive water distribution law (among the signs related to legal-administrative barriers) and top-down management of water resources (among the signs related to management barriers) had the highest priorities compared to other signs. Finally, based on the research findings, some strategies were presented to eliminate barriers to the protection of water resources in the Urmia Lake Basin.

The formation and expansion of rural cooperative companies is one of the most important policies and strategies for the development of the agricultural sector and the rural society of Iran in the last half century. Therefore, considering the role that rural cooperative companies can have in this regard, the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the barriers to the development of rural cooperative companies in Urmia city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-exploratory in terms of methodology and has a qualitative-quantitative approach. The statistical population consisted of two groups. The first group was experts and experts in rural cooperative affairs, which was conducted with 15 people using a targeted sampling method. The second group of managers and members of the board of directors of rural cooperative companies in Urmia city in 2021 were 120 people, and due to the limited statistical population, the census method was used to collect information. Collecting and collecting data and information was done in the form of documents and field. Data analysis was done using exploratory factor analysis technique and with the help of Spss22 software. The results of the research showed that the barriers to the development of rural cooperative companies in Urmia city were classified in the form of seven social-cultural factors, structural, economic, managerial, political, organizational-supportive and service characteristics, and the first factor is called cultural. - Social and by explaining 11.41% of the variance changes, it was introduced as the most important factor, which is the low professional knowledge of the cooperative members, the differences in the amount of members and cooperative elements, the low spirit of responsibility among the cooperative members, including The variables located in this factor were Based on the obtained results, the problems summarized in seven factors explained about 62% of the total variance changes. According to the results of the research, it is suggested to raise the awareness of the members through holding empowerment workshops regarding the nature and function of cooperatives, principled and realistic planning based on the needs of cooperatives .

The flower and ornamental plants industry, play an important role in the agricultural economy of Iran and many countries of the world; nevertheless, this industry is facing many barriers and challenges. Alborz province has an appropriate capacity for the development of flower and ornamental plants industry; accordingly, the main purpose of this descriptive - survey research was to identify the barriers and challenges of flower and ornamental plants industry development in Alborz province. The statistical population of study consisted of flower and ornamental plants growers in Alborz province (N=1260), out of whom 135 people determined as sample using Cochran's sampling formula and simple sampling technique. A questionnaire was the main tool of study. Validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of experts and construct validity using AVE Index. In order to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (CR) were calculated. The data were analyzed by SPSS22 and Smart PLS software. Prioritizing of barriers and challenges showed that, “high price of the product” and “policy making, planning and supportive” were in the highest ranks and “human resources” and “research, education and extension” were in the lowest ranks. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that, barriers and challenges’ measurement model consist of 10 main elements: “high price of the product”, “infrastructure / technology”, “production quality”, “financial”, “human resources”, “research, education and extension”, “marketing and sales”, “consumers”, “export” and “policy making, planning and supportive” was homogeneous and the reliability of the indicators was approved. Accordingly, it is recommended to identifying and solving barriers and challenges through a comprehensive and holistic approach.

Converting and complementary industries are industries that deal with the processing and processing of various agricultural products (agricultural, horticultural, fisheries, livestock and poultry, forests and pastures). These processes can include physical, chemical, maintenance, packaging and distribution of agricultural products. Entrepreneurship, non-production of agricultural waste, non-migration of villagers to the city, high added value of produced products, household income and export of produced products.

The main purpose of this study was to model barriers to the development of agricultural conversion and complementary industries in Tabriz.

To achieve this goal, structural-interpretive modeling method was used. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey data collection. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with a matrix nature. The statistical population of the study included 29 managers of conversion and complementary industries. In order to collect information through purposive sampling, 15 managers of conversion and complementary industries were interviewed, and based on the theoretical saturation, the data collection process was stopped.

Based on Mikmak analysis, the autonomous region has low dependence and low penetration power, so they can be separated from the model body. No factors were included in this category. The second type of factors included dependent region components that have low penetration power and high dependency power. In this analysis, this group of factors included infrastructure-technology type components. These components have low penetration and high dependence in development barriers. This group of components has the most dependence and effectiveness and can not show a separate and independent nature, so they are not able to directly affect other components. This group of components are basically at the highest levels of structural-interpretive models and are responsible for the highest level of contact and communication in achieving the final result of the model. Infrastructural factors - Technology, due to the nature and nature of the issues, is highly influenced by other factors and is in a way subject to other independent factors that are in the industry. The third category of factors includes the components of the communication area, which included factors of the nature of conversion and complementary industries, geographical-spatial, legal-regulatory, Financial-economic. These factors have a high degree of influence and dependence. Four factors were included in this category of components. The main feature of this type of components is that they facilitate the effect of different model factors on each other. The communication components are basically located in the middle layers of the model, which play the role of transmitting the effects of different components on each other, although, as stated, in particular, the components that play this role clearly and explicitly include four factors. The fourth category of factors includes the components of the independent region. These factors have high penetration power and low dependence. In this analysis, the components of seasonality of the type of activity were institutional-administrative. Of course, each of these components has a certain degree of independent effect on other components, for example: the component of seasonality of the type of activity is the most independent component in the model, which is the basis for barriers to the development of conversion and complementary industries. The seasonality component of the type of activity has the lowest dependence and the highest degree of influence, then it is the institutional-administrative component that has the lowest degree of dependence as the seasonality component of the activity type, but with less degree of influence than the seasonality component of the activity type. Above this component is the second level of the model.

According to the analysis based on Mick Mac analysis, it shows that no factor was located in the autonomous region. Infrastructure factor - technology with the degree of penetration power 1 and dependence 6 with the least impact, has the highest impact compared to other factors and from a systemic point of view are influential and dependent elements and have low penetration power and high dependence. In other words, many factors are involved in creating and promoting these components, and they themselves can be less likely to create change and influence in the development of agricultural conversion and complementary industries in Tabriz. The components of the nature of conversion and complementary industries with influence 4 and dependence 6, geographical-spatial with influence 5 and dependence 6, legal-regulatory and financial-economic, respectively with influence 5 and dependence 5 are the communication factors that influence influence and dependence. It has a high. In fact, any action on this component will change other components. Institutional-administrative components and seasonality of the type of activity with the highest influence and impact, respectively, 6 and 4 and dependence 1 are key factors, with high influence and low dependence, basis and stimulus or motivation that have a great impact on the realization and promotion of conversion industries and Agricultural supplements are counted. In any action for the development of agricultural conversion and complementary industries in Tabriz, the role and position of this factor must be considered. At the level of factors, the results confirm that the main influencing factors are the institutional-administrative factors, therefore, it is the first and most important influential factor in the development of agricultural conversion and complementary industries in Tabriz. Therefore, it is suggested that in this regard, while strengthening the administrative position of the unit in charge of conversion and complementary industries, to facilitate regulations, instructions and administrative procedures, the necessary measures should be taken in the city of Tabriz. Seasonal factor of the type of activity in me respectively.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers to education and extension in management of rangelands of Mazandaran province. The research is of applied type and field research in Mazandaran Province. Population consisted of all Extension and rangeland management experts in 12 counties of Mazandaran province that in relation to the expert’s population in each of the counties related to livestock and rangeland activities through random and available sampling method, the statistical sample of the study was selected that the sample size of 110 people was obtained using Morgan formula. The main research tool included a questionnaire. Its validity (form and content) was confirmed based on the collective opinion of experts from Jihad Agriculture, Natural Resources Management, Environment Organization, Rangelands and Forests Organization in Mazandaran Province, faculty members of Department of Agricultural Extension and Education and Rangeland of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire. Cronbach’s alpha was used to estimate the reliability (0.798). The reliability was found to be acceptable. The results of factor analysis showed that: 1) Economic-supportive barriers; (2) infrastructural-technical barriers; (3) rangeland management system barriers; (4) socio-cultural barriers; (5) Political-institutional barriers were the five barriers to application education and extension in management of rangelands. These factors explained 74.66 percent of the total variance. Finally, the proposed research model in rangeland ranchers and rangeland brokers (policy makers) has provided solutions to reduce barriers and problems in extension rangeland management. Keep up with the research results development of the use of appropriate extension methods such as training and visit approach and participatory approach and prioritization of training and extension needs in the rangeland management department of the province to disseminate information and practical skills among rangeland users, integrating knowledge and indigenous skills with new technologies in conservation Recommended from pastures and livestock production.

The current research was conducted with the purpose of content analysis of the barriers to entrepreneurship ecosystem growth in the context of agricultural higher education system. This study was led with an inductive approach using a qualitative content analysis method. Based on purposive sampling, startup activists were analyzed in two sections of private and public sector. The MAXQDA12 software was used to manage and analyze data. These units were categorized according to their common themes. Finally, based on their correlations, the categories were put into separate classifications called “themes”. According to the findings, the subcomponents of “improper role of government in building ecosystem” and “inefficient leadership” from the component of political barriers; the subcomponents of “cultural problems”, “lack of entrepreneurial thinking” and “copying the world's successful ecosystems” from the component of cultural barriers; the subcomponent of “poor performance of professional institutions supporting entrepreneurship” from the component of supportive barriers; the subcomponents of “improper market atmosphere”, “improper economic condition” and “lack of ecosystem interaction” from the component of market barriers; the subcomponents of “distance from entrepreneur university” and “lack of trained manpower in universities” from the component of human barriers and the subcomponents of “problem of capital and investment” and “excessive reliance on government funding” were found to be of the highest level of importance. Moreover, the components of human barriers was found to have the first priority in preventing the entrepreneurship ecosystem growth.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the obstacles and challenges of rangeland ecotourism from the perspective of experts and stakeholders using the Delphi method and confirmatory factor analysis.The present research is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical research in nature and has a quantitative qualitative approach. The statistical population of the study consists of two groups. The first group included experts and the second group included stakeholders. The sample size for the first group was selected using snowball or chain sampling of 28 people and the second group is based on the statistics of about 1000 people in rural areas of Isfahan province, which was determined based on Cochran's formula of 276 people.Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 23. In order to identify the existing challenges of rangeland ecotourism in rural communities of Isfahan province, Delphi technique was used. The results in the qualitative part of the research indicated that the most important challenges facing rangeland ecotourism are structural and managerial factors, policy-making, financial and economic factors, individual-personality, research and information. In the quantitative part, using confirmatory factor analysis, there are 5 factors, which are: financial and economic factors, managerial and structural factors, weakness of laws and comprehensive policy, research and information, and individual and personality factors, respectively, which is 78.73. Explains the percentage of total variance.

Given the importance of land consolidation plans in the development and improvement of agricultural status in terms of increasing agricultural production, improving income levels of farmers, and production cooperatives formation, it is necessary to identify barriers and obstacles to implement this plans and to remove them. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the barriers and obstacles of land consolidation and production cooperatives formation in rural areas of Zarghan County. The study population was Zarghan regional farmers located in Fars province that 38 of them were selected by purposeful and snowball sampling. Research data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding with the help of MAXQDA software and classified into four main barriers. These include agricultural barriers, administrative barriers, economic barriers, and socio-cultural barriers. Finally, according to the results, suggestions were made to develop this project.

Obstacles and problems of shrimp farming production in Golestan province were identified by collecting a questionnaire from 36 producers and experts in 2019. Ranking of problems through scoring method and due to the non-parametricity of statistics, tests of chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test were used in statistical analysis. According to the results of the research, problems such as shrimp disease and its aftermath, and the lack of post-larvae had a lot of problems in the product. Shrimp disease and its consequences, increase in input prices and lack of feed factory in the province were ranked first to third among 25 production problems, respectively. In some cases, producerschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) views differed from those of government experts. Experts in the province considered the lack of a provincial trade :union: and water restrictions and the flooding of swimming pools and producers to be the most serious problem due to the lack of larval substations and the lack of a feed factory in the province. Therefore, addressing the most important production problems such as controlling white spot disease and the necessary considerations to prevent its recurrence should be considered by the government..

Empowerment of rural households is one of the most important goals in all rural development plans as it is impossible to achieve without empowering the less affluent segments of society. Therefore, this research attempted to investigate the barriers and limitations to economic empowerment of rural households in the Central and Zeberkhan Districts of Nishapur County. The research method was a descriptive-analytic documentary field research. The required data were collected by completing village and household questionnaires and completing the field observation form. Rural households living in the study area (33041 households) constitute the statistical population of this study and the sample size has been determined using the Cochran's formula, 373 heads of households. Data analysis was performed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique by Expert Choice software. Statistical and spatial analyses were carried out by SPSS and ArcGIS. The findings showed that there were sever or extremely sever barriers and limitations to the economic empowerment of 49.3% of the studied households. On the other hand, the results of comparing the average level of influence of the factors in the occurrence or intensification of barriers and limitations of economic empowerment of rural households confirm that indicators related to the lack of job opportunities with a coefficient of 0.1733, low income and uncertainty of its stability with a coefficient of 0.1661 and the weakness of resources and the inadequacy of production methods with a coefficient of 0.0501, are the most influential factors in the occurrence or intensification of obstacles and restrictions, respectively.

This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the barriers of extension courses held in Kermanshah province. The research was an applied and exploratory study in terms of typology of research methodologies. The statistical population of this study included farmers of Kermanshah province participating in the extension courses of Agricultural Jihad Organization. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose content validity was confirmed by a number of agricultural extension and education and rural development experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (all alpha coefficients were greater than 0.85). In order to identify and summarize the barriers of effectiveness of extension courses, exploratory factor analysis was performed through IBMSPSS21. Furthermore, a confirmatory factor analysis using LISREL8.5 was used to confirm the extracted barriers. The results showed that the barriers to the effectiveness of extension courses in Kermanshah province can be summarized in five general factors explaining about 70% of the changes in the dependent variable. "Inconsistency of courses' content with farmers' time and needs" was recognized as the most important obstacle of the effectiveness of courses and "lack of positive attitude towards extension agents and farmers", "lack of farmers' participation in planning extension courses", "employing out of date and unprofessional trainers", and "weak management and quality control of extension courses" were characterized as the other important barriers to the effectiveness of extension courses, respectively. According to the results, it is recommended that the quality of the content of extension courses’ be reevaluated and promoted annually. Hence, their participation in planning process of extension courses should be more seriously considered in order to be more consistent with the needs of farmers.