جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "heredity" در نشریات گروه "کشاورزی"

Preliminary documentation shows that the use of opioids can affect the lifespan and function of the reproductive system. In this study, the effect of oral methadone consumption by parents and the first generation on the level of malondialdehyde in the whole body, brain tissue damage in the first generation, and life span, and the fertility of flies and the transmission of the effect up to four generations have been investigated.

During the laying period and the first generation, parent flies (10 of each sex) were treated orally with methadone (0.1, 1, 5, 10 and 100 micromol) and the positive control group was treated with metronidazole (1 and 2 mg in liters) were placed. The number of live flies and offspring in each group were counted weekly for a maximum of 94 days. The concentration of malondialdehyde was measured in whole body homogenates (30 of each gender) using a commercial kit. Areas without cells were counted in brain tissue sections after hematoxylin-eosin staining.

10 and 100 micromol doses of methadone led to death and 5 micromol doses caused complete sterility of flies. The life span and the number of offspring of flies in a sex-dependent manner decreased after oral administration of doses of 0.1 and 1 μmol/L methadone. The content of malondialdehyde increased to 0.6 μmol/mg only in male flies under the effect of methadone (1 μmol), and the number of cell-free areas in a section prepared from brain tissue increased to 60 compared to 15 in the control group. The effects observed in female flies were different from males.

Using methadone by the parents and the first generation of flies by stimulating the production of fat peroxidation products in the body and brain damage reduces the lifespan and reduces reproduction in the first generation and its transfer to the next generation.

The diallel mating design is an important tool used by plant breeding programs to obtain information on trait inheritance. Knowledge of gene action, heritability and genetic advance from selection is a prerequisite for starting a breeding program for developing varieties of maize. Five maize S7 lines and their F2 progenies were studied in a 5 × 5 half-diallel crossing design to evaluate the gene action and the heritability of biochemical and physiological traits. Parents and their F2 hybrids were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Graduate University of Advanced Technology (Kerman, Iran) in 2017 cropping year, and chlorophyll (Chl), proline, protein, carotenoid and reducing sugars traits were evaluated. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for the studied traits at 1% probability level. The graphical results of Haymanchr('39')s analysis showed the role of over-dominance genes effects in controlling proline content, sugars content, Chl a, Chl b, total Chl and carotenoids traits whiles the protein content trait was controlled by the incomplete dominance of genes. The narrow-sense heritability for carotenoid and proline content traits were 0.14, for protein content was 0.44 and for other traits were varaied in this range. The results of this study showed that the use of heterozygosity and the production of hybrid varieties can be used to breeding traits such as proline content, sugars content, Chl a, Chl b, total Chl and carotenoids. However, for breeding of protein content, use of both methods (selection and production of hybrid) are proposed.

Diallel crosses among 6 Avena sativa</em> L. and A. sterilis</em> L. lines and introductions were used to evaluate the validity of the assumptions for the genetic model. Number of days to pollination, plant height at pollination and at maturity, as well as grain and stem protein percentages were evaluated. According to Griffing's method 1 the reciprocal mean squares for all the traits under study were significant. But based on Hayman's analysis, the maternal effects for all the traits studied were not significant. Therefore, reciprocal means were used to evaluate the validity of the absence of multiple alleles, linkage and epistasis effects using regression of Wr </sub>on Vr</sub> and analysis of variance for Wr</sub> + Vr</sub> and Wr</sub> - Vr</sub>. Based on the results of the 3 methods, the genetic models for plant height at maturity and days to pollination were unbiased. Therefore, Hayman's analysis was used to estimate the genetic parameters for these traits. For plant height at pollination and stem protein percentage, significant and nonsignificant differences of regression slope from one and zero (Ho: β = 1 and Ho: β = 0) were detected, respectively. For these traits the biasedness of the model was removed after elimination of one parent from the diallel table. Grain protein percentage was not analyzed as it necessitated the elimination of 2 parents from the diallel table. In general, regression of Wr</sub> on Vr </sub>compare to Wr</sub> + Vr</sub> and Wr</sub> - Vr</sub> analysis of variances showed to be a more valid inductive method for testing the accuracy of the genetic model assumptions. Also, results of the Hayman and Jinks analysis, both when the assumptions are valid and when not, showed that genetic parameters are affected by the biasedness of the model, and that different estimates will be obtained. The Griffing's method was less affected by the unbiasedness of the model than Hayman and Jinks method. Therefore, it seems that preliminary testing for validity of the assumptions is necessary in Hayman and Jinks genetic model.