جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « vitamin a » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

Physalis peruviana L. is a short perennial shrub that is a member of the Solanaceae family. These fruits have many benefits for human health because of their nutritional and bioactive compounds (vitamins (A, B, C and K), essential fats and etc.) and reduced the risk of diseases such as cancer, malaria, asthma, hepatitis, dermatitis and rheumatism. Therefore, it has received special attention for cultivation all over the world. Increasing crop production and mitigating abiotic stresses are major challenges under extreme climatic environments and intense farming activities. Crop management strategies such as deficit irrigation can decrease soil evaporation, runoff, and plant transpiration, and increase water use efficiency (WUE) and water conservation. In addition to these practices, organic input, which includes the application of organic materials such as compost and humic substances, is an additional strategy that increases soil water retention and can potentially improve plant WUE. Water is crucial for agriculture and needs to be used effectively due to climate change and drought in Iran. For this reason, to adapt to water deficit scenarios, deficit irrigation applications are increasing in importance. Water availability is expected to be a growth limiting factor that would affect fruit yield in Physalis peruviana due to reduced flower set and elevated floral abscission rate.

In order to investigate the effect of humic acid on physiological characteristics, yield and fruit quality of Physalis peruviana under deficit irrigation conditions, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted during 2021. Treatments consisted arrangement of three levels of irrigation (starting irrigation at 100, 80 and 60% ETc (crop evapotranspiration)) and three levels of humic acid (0, 1.5 and 3 kg ha-1). The seeds of Physalis peruviana were sown in seedling trays contain peat moss. The seedlings were grown under normal conditions (25±2 °C/day and 20±2 °C at night with 60-65% RH). Plant height, total chlorophyll, fruit yield per plant, total soluble solid content, titratable acidity, vitamin C content and water use efficiency were measured. Statistical analyses were performed with SAS V9.3, and means comparison were separated by Duncan’s multiple range tests at p < 0.05.

Results and Discussion :

The results showed that deficit irrigation significantly reduced growth, fruit yield, vitamin C and increased water use efficiency (WUE) and Total soluble solid content of Physalis peruviana. The soil application of humic acid significantly increased total chlorophyll, fruit quality and yield, and decreased leaf electrolyte leakage under normal and deficit irrigation, thus, the deficit irrigation 60 ETc% decreased the plant height by 18.6% and the fruit yield by 22.2% compared to irrigation 100 ETc%. The maximum plant length (200.3 cm), total chlorophyll content (2.42 mg g-1FW) and fruit yield (4793.3 kg ha-1) were observed in plants treated with 3 kg ha-1 humic acid under 100% ETc irrigation. The highest value of total soluble solid (12.6 B°), antioxidant activity (90.06 %) and WUE (1.23 kg m-3) were obtained with 3 kg ha-1 soil application of humic acid under deficit irrigation 60% ETc. The application of 3 kg ha-1 humic acid under 100 and 80 %ETc irrigation increased the fruit yield by 25% and 4%, respectively, compared to the control plants (non treated with humic acid) under irrigation100 ETc% and under deficit irrigation  60 ETc%, with decreasing 11% fruit yield, water consumption was saved by 40%. Soil and crop management practices that alter plant water and nutrient availability could affect the processes of crop evapotranspiration and WUE, which can influence the yield and fruit quality by changing the internal nutrient and water balance. Incorporating organic matter within a crop growth system either as leaf spray or soil mix is a complementary strategy to improve crop growth and WUE. By inducing antioxidant enzyme activities, HS could assist plants in stomata functioning, thereby closing stomata more efficiently under drought stress, which results in plant water conservation. The reason of the difference between WUE values probably appeared due to the differences on Physalis peruviana yield. WUE showed an upward trend with an increasing in irrigation.

Study results suggest that soil application of humic acid with increasing vitamin C, TSS and TA, improved fruit quality. According to the results, application of 3 kg ha-1 humic acid is suggested to improve fruit yield and quality of Physalis peruviana under normal and deficit irrigation conditions.

Birth weight is the most important factor affecting lamb survival, but even when birth weight is appropriate, some lambs are lost to weaning. Infectious diseases are the most important factors affecting the mortality of lambs before weaning. Therefore, any factor that reduces the prevalence of these infections has a positive effect on the survival of lambs and improves the reproductive performance of the flock. The structure of the placenta in ruminant animals prevents the transfer of immunoglobulins from maternal circulation to the fetus. Therefore, newborn ruminants are completely dependent on the absorption of immunoglobulins from the mother's colostrum after birth. Consuming a sufficient amount of high-quality colostrum at the right time is the most important management factor affecting the survival and health of newborn ruminants. Colostrum also affects the survival of lambs by providing nutrients necessary for metabolism and heat production. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D3, and E) are among the important components of colostrum and their concentrations are higher in colostrum compared to milk. These vitamins play an important role in improving the immune system of ruminant animals. Many genetic and non-genetic factors such as animal breed, mother's age, nutrition of dam in late pregnancy, herd vaccination program, colostrum volume, and colostrum collection time after parturition affect the quantity and quality of colostrum in ruminant animals. Nutrition status in late pregnancy is the most important factor affecting the quantity and quality of colostrum produced in these animals. Therefore, an insufficient supply of vitamins in pregnant ewes is one of the reasons for reducing the survival and mortality of newborn lambs. Much research has been conducted regarding the effect of dietary or injectable vitamin A, D3, and E supplements in late pregnancy on the maternal immune system and the survival of newborn ruminants, although, they have mainly focused on vitamin E and selenium supplements. To our knowledge, there is no information on how the timing of the use of these vitamins in late pregnancy affects the metabolic responses of ruminants. Therefore, this experiment aimed to investigate the effect of time and amount of vitamin AD3E injection in late pregnancy on colostrum quality and plasma metabolites of Afshari ewes and their lambs. Forty Afshari mature ewes with an average of 45 kg and 2-3 years of age were used. One month before the expected lambing, animals were divided into four groups and randomly assigned to experimental treatments. Experimental treatments were: 1. No injection of vitamin AD3E (Control; C), 2. Injection of 10 mL of vitamin AD3E four weeks before the expected lambing, 3. Injection of 10 mL of vitamin AD3E two weeks before the expected lambing, and 4. Injection of five mL of vitamin AD3E four weeks and five mL two weeks before the expected lambing. Blood samples of ewes and lambs were collected four and one week before the expected lambing and three days after colostrum consumption, respectively. Plasma was separated and stored at -20 ◦C for metabolites’ measurement. Samples of colostrum from all animals were collected and stored at 3-5 ◦C for determining chemical composition and BRIX index. Results showed that the greatest plasma concentrations of glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA) on day 7 before lambing were observed in ewes of the C groups (P<0.05). Experimental treatments did not affect plasma total cholesterol (TCh), triglyceride (TG), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations of ewes on day 7 before lambing (P>0.05). Plasma concentration of total protein (TP), calcium (Ca), and BRIX index on day 7 before lambing were higher in ewes who received vitamin AD3E compared to the C group (P<0.05). Ewes received 10 mL of vitamin AD3E two weeks before the expected lambing had the highest plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant activities on day 7 before lambing (P<0.05). Colostrum fat and lactose percentage were not influenced by experimental treatments (P>0.05). Whereas, colostrum protein percentage tended to be lower for ewes in the C group (P=0.08). The lowest colostrum BRIX index was observed in the ewes of the C group (P<0.05). The lowest plasma glucose concentration was observed in lambs born from ewes of the C group (P<0.05). Experimental treatments did not affect plasma TCh, TG, Ca, and Mg concentrations of lambs (P>0.05). Lambs born from ewes received 10 mL of vitamin AD3E two weeks before lambing had the highest plasma GPX, SOD, and total antioxidant activities compared to other groups (P<0.05). Vitamin AD3E injection increased the plasma BRIX index of lambs compared to the group without injection (P<0.05). The results showed that injection of vitamin AD3E two weeks before lambing increased plasma TP concentration and antioxidant activity of ewes, as well as colostrum TP content, and consequently increased plasma TP concentration and antioxidant activity of lambs. Therefore, this can be an effective strategy to improve lamb survival and performance.

The transition period between late pregnancy and early lactation (also called the periparturient period) certainly is the most interesting stage of the lactation cycle and is the last 3 weeks before parturition to 3 weeks after parturition. Most infectious diseases and metabolic disorders occur during this period. Milk fever, ketosis, retained fetal membranes, metritis, and displaced abomasum primarily impact cows during the periparturient period (Drackley, 1999). Any nutritional limitation during this period has an important impact on cow efficiency and consequently, milk production decreases. Dairy cows encounter substantial metabolic and physiological adaptations during the transition period. The immune system during the periparturient period is impaired. At this time, the most important factor causing immune-suppression in highly productive cows is metabolic stress resulting from hormonal and metabolic fluctuations, a negative energy balance, shortage of proteins, minerals and vitamins which are required to meet the demands of the fetus as well as the onset of lactation (Sordillo, 2016). In the world, Cu deficiency is one of the most common problems in cattle with clinical and subclinical signs (Hill and Shannon, 2019). Even marginal Cu deficiency (6 to 7 ppm dietary Cu) depresses blood neutrophil function in dairy cattle (Torre et al., 1996). One strategy for improving immune system of transition dairy cows is mineral and vitamin supplementation. It has been reported that many minerals are enzymatic cofactors (Filappi et al., 2005). Studies showed that minerals injection would be a suitable method to improve mineral utilization, and this may be a promising alternative to improve animal performance (Collet et al., 2017). Furthermore, during this period, dairy cows need antioxidants to combat reactive oxygen species (ROS) which produce during oxidative stress. Vitamin C was identified as antioxidant and could help immune system to overcome ROS production. Hence, this experiment was aimed to study the effect of vitamin C and copper injection on the health status of transition dairy cows.

The study was carried out in a commercial farm located in Kermanshah province of Iran. Cows were enrolled from June 22, until September 22. Temperature and humidity index (THI) was calculated. It was between 72-78. The experiment was performed with 40 multiparous (twenty; second parity and twenty; third and fourth parity) Holstein lactating dairy cows which divided into four groups (10 animals/ group) in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. All cows were offered a TMR diet. Experimental treatments consisted of control (injection of 7 ml of NaCl % 0.9), Cu (injection of 75 mg Cu per cow) Vitamin C (injection of 25 mg vitamin C solution/kg BW), and Vitamin C-Cu (simultaneous injection of 25 mg vitamin C solution/kg BW and 75 mg Cu/ cow). Solutions were injected on d 20 and 40 days before expected parturition, parturition day and day 20 of postpartum. Serum concentrations of total protein, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, Ca, P and Mg were determined using autoanalyzer by Pars Azmoon Kits. Serum concentrations of Beta hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured using autoanalyzer by Randow Kits. Serum concentration of Cu was determined by atomic absorbtion. Serum concentrations of vitamin C and superoxide dismutase was measured by Elisa reader. Incidence of metabolic disorders and infection disease were recorded. Data of serum variables were analyzed based on a randomized block design with a 2×2 (Vitamin C and Cu, with or without injection) factorial arrangement using Proc Mix of SAS software. The differences among treatments were evaluated using Tukey adjustment when the overall F-test was P ≤ 0.05. Trends were declared when 0.05 < P < 0.10. In addition, percentages of metabolic disorders were reported.

Results showed that the interaction effect of vitamin C and Cu had no significant effect on serum concentration of vitamin C and superoxide dismutase activity. Cows received vitamin C had the greatest serum vitamin C concentration on d 20 prepartum, parturition day, d 10, 20 and 30 postpartum (P<0.05). Content of serum Cu were affected by the interaction of vitamin C and Cu on d 10 and d 20 postpartum (P<0.05). Copper injection increased serum Cu concentration and superoxide dismutase activity on d 20 prepartum, parturition day, d 10, 20 and 30 postpartum (P<0.05) in cows received Cu without vitamin C. Serum concentrations of P, Mg, glucose, BHBA, NEFA, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol were not influenced by the interaction effect of vitamin C and Cu. Serum triglyceride concentration tended to decrease (P=0.06) in cows received vitamin C and on parturition day. Copper injection tended to increase (P=0.06) serum triglyceride concentration on d 20 postpartum. Serum protein concentration tended to decrease (P=0.07) in cows received vitamin C and in compared to other treatments on parturition day. Copper or vitamin C injections had no effect on serum concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, glucose, BHB and NEFA of experimental cows. Serum calcium concentration tended to increase (P=0.07) in cows received simultaneous injection of vitamin C and Cu in compared to the others on parturition day. Simultaneous injection of vitamin C and Cu tended to increase total cholesterol concentration (P=0.06) on d 10 and 30 of postpartum. Copper injection tended to increase total cholesterol concentration on d 20 prepartum, parturition day and d 10 postpartum (P=0.06). Control groups had the highest incidence rate of retained placenta and clinical mastitis.

It is concluded that vitamin C and Cu injection reduced incidence rate of retained placenta and clinical mastitis due to improving immunity system performance of transition dairy cows.

In this study, the effect of different levels of vitamin C on growth indices, hematology, and antioxidant enzymes activity was studied in Schizothorax zarudnyi. For this purpose, a total of 144 fish was randomly distributed in 12 fiberglass tanks (12 fish per tanks) and fed with 3 dietary treatments containing 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of vitamin C and a control group without vitamin C for 60 days. The biological parameters of juveniles were measured at the end of the experimental period. To measure liver enzymes, antioxidant enzymes and also blood parameters, blood sampling from the tail vein of fish were performed. The results of growth indices in different treatments did not show a significant difference with the control group (p<0.05). The highest mean final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate, condition factor, body weight gain percentage and lowest feed conversion ratio were observed in 1000 mg/kg vitamin C treatment. The amount of red blood cells in all treatments was significantly different from the control treatment (p<0.05). The highest amount of red blood cells was in the treatment of 1000 mg/kg of vitamin C, which was significantly different from the control group (p <0.05). Also, white blood cell count increased in all treatments and there was a significant difference with the control group (p<0.05). The highest amount of white blood cells was recorded in the treatment of 500 mg/kg of vitamin C. Which had a significant difference with the control group (p<0.05). The alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase had a significant difference with the control group (p<0.05). The antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, total immunoglobulin, and total protein are significantly different from the control group (p<0.05). According to the analysis of the results, it can be acknowledged that vitamin C has a positive effect on blood factors and antioxidant enzymes in Schizothorax zarudnyi.

In order to investigate the effect of mixing sea and underground water on the morphological and biochemical properties of the purslane medicinal plant, an experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The water source treatments included full groundwater (GW100-SW0) as a control, mixing 50% seawater and groundwater (GW50-SW50), half between seawater and groundwater (0.5-GW-SW), and one-half between seawater and Groundwater was (1-GW-SW). The results showed that the use of these water resources at the level of 1% was significant on the fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, height, total chlorophyll, vitamin C and total soluble sugar. Also, these treatments were significant on the amount of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid and proline at the probability level of 5%. The highest amount of shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, height and vitamin C were respectively in the control treatment with 61.5 grams, 47.5 grams, 33.2 cm and 74.6 mg per 100 grams of sample fresh weight. The findings show that in most traits, the treatment (0.5-GW-SW) has no significant difference with the control. Therefore, considering the limitation of fresh water sources, the latter treatment is suggested as a suitable source for watering purslane.

Various methods of stress directly affected the growth and production yield of numerous plants. For example, environmental stress reduces the tomato manufacturing by the disrupting its natural metabolism, or, salinity stresses affect the it is growth and development from the germination stage to the fruit ripening stage. Salinity in tomatoes by stimulating the biosynthesis of growth regulators such as ethylene and abscisic acid leads to the acceleration of the aging of the leaves. Therefore, development of different methods to induce salinity stress tolerance in plants is necessary. Some approaches were studied to develop the salinity tolerant plants such as genetic breeding, environmental improvements and usage of phytohormones and signal molecules. Salicylic acid or orthohydroxybenzoic acid plays an important role in regulating the physiological and biochemical responses of plants to stress conditions, which improves the plant's resistance to adverse environmental conditions. For instance, salicylic acid is a facile and effective way to increase plant productivity under salt stress conditions. Considering the positive effects of salicylic acid in modulating the effects of salinity, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of salicylic acid’s usage in modulating the harmful effects of salinity on some vegetative, physiological, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two tomato cultivars of Baneh local mass and Semi Dwarf line.

To investigate the effect of salicylic acid in modulating the effects of salinity stress in tomato, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design, with 12 treatments, in 3 replications and with a total of 36 experimental units in the hydroponic greenhouse of the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, and university of Tabriz. The treatments included two levels of salicylic acid (0 and 1 mM) and salinity levels (0, 35 and 70 mM NaCl) on two tomato cultivars of Baneh and Semi Dwarf.

The results showed that in Baneh and Semi Dwarf cultivars, the increase in salinity levels caused a decrease in vegetative indices, meanwhile the treatment of salicylic acid along with salt stress increased same indices. Also, salt stress caused yield reduction in both Baneh and Semi Dwarf cultivars. By examining the qualitative indicators, it was observed that titratable acidity and vitamin C increased with salt stress and salicylic acid treatment in both cultivars. In terms of physiological indicators, the amount of proline increased at different salinity levels with salicylic acid treatment, but the amount of leaf chlorophyll index decreased with the increase of same condition.

The results of testing the effect of salicylic acid and the effects of salinity stress on vegetative, quantitative, qualitative and physiological indicators in Baneh and Semi Dwarf tomatoes showed a remarkable difference in terms of significance. In terms of vegetative traits; Plant height, leaf area index, shoot wet in Baneh and Semi Dwarf cultivars decreased with increasing salinity levels of vegetative indices, but salicylic acid treatment along with salinity stress increased same indices. Indicators such as yield, fresh weight of fruit, and percentage of dry matter of fruit showed different responses to different levels of salinity and salicylic acid treatment. The fresh weight of fruit increased with the application of salicylic acid. Also, salt stress caused an increase in the percentage of dry matter of the fruit. But salt stress caused yield reduction in both Baneh and Semi Dwarf cultivars. In terms of quality indicators; the amount of titratable acidity and vitamin C increased with salt stress and salicylic acid treatment in both cultivars. In terms of physiological indicators, the level of proline increased across various salinity levels with salicylic acid treatment. However, the leaf chlorophyll index decreased with rising salinity levels, even in the presence of salicylic acid treatment. Overall, salinity stress caused a decrease in most analyzed traits in the Baneh and Semi Dwarf cultivars. Nevertheless, it led to improvements in certain quality traits. Additionally, salicylic acid treatment enhanced the mentioned indices in most of the examined traits in both cultivars. Therefore, considering the positive effects of salicylic acid treatment on Baneh and Semi Dwarf cultivars under salinity stress conditions, its use is recommended.

The aim of the current study was to improve the reproductive performance and birth weight of lambs using vitamin E and selenium (Ese) injection in estrus-synchronized Moghani ewes. In this research, a total of 200 Moghani ewes were divided into two groups in a completely randomized design. In the control group, only estrus synchronization was performed, but the second group was received two intramuscular injections of Ese (5 ml) on the days of sponging and sponge removal. Synchronization of estrus was done by inserting intravaginal sponges for 14 days followed by 400 IU eCG at sponge withdrawal. Two days after sponge withdrawal, ewes were joined with fertile rams. Twenty ewes from each group were selected randomly and their blood was sampled. The first and second blood samplings were done before inserting intravaginal sponges and three weeks after ram exposure, respectively. Then, some blood plasma metabolites were determined. After parturition, reproductive traits were calculated in each group. According to the results, lambing rate, fecundity rate, lamb production efficiency and twinning rate were higher in Ese group (88, 111, 126.1, 21.6 respectively) compared to control (73, 84, 112.3, 12.3 respectively). The birth weight of lambs did not significantly differ between the groups. Glucose and cholesterol concentration of blood were significantly higher in group receiving Ese three weeks after mating. In conclusion Ese injection improved the reproduction performance in Moghani ewes.

To evaluate the effect of seed priming with ascorbic acid to increase salt tolerance in Chenopodium quinoa var. Giza 1 during the vegetative growth period, the current research was conducted in the form of a factorial experiment (ascorbic acid at three levels of 0, 20 and 60 mM and NaCl at two levels of 0 and 400 mM) and based on a completely randomized design. The traits measured in the experiment were fresh and dry weight, concentration of photosynthetic pigments, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Data analysis showed salinity resulted in a significant decrease in the amount of dry weight (51.4%), fresh weight (65.6%) and total chlorophyll (55.8%). In addition, salinity increased the content of malondialdehyde (2.3 folds), hydrogen peroxide (2.5 folds) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase). However, seed priming with ascorbic acid at the best level (20 mM) alleviated the adverse effects of NaCl in this variety by increasing the fresh weight (44.7%), dry weight (51.4%), and protecting membrane integrity and photosynthesis activity. Also, the use of ascorbic acid by changing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the content of hydrogen peroxide caused a reduction in oxidative stress in in this variety. It can be concluded that seed priming of this variety with 20 mM ascorbic acid can be effective on its successful cultivation in high salinity levels.

The increase in people's awareness of the negative effects of chemical preservatives has led to more research on the antimicrobial effect of plant essential oils and their potential to be used as preservative compounds. Strawberry (Fragaria   ananassa cv. qingxiang) is one of the most popular and widely consumed berries due to its taste, sweetness and healthy function. The taste of strawberry is related to its hardness, viscosity, sugars, protein, total soluble solid, titratable acidity content and minerals like P, K, Ca and Fe. It is a good source of polyphenolic compounds such as flavanols and has antioxidant activity. This, together with higher vitamin C content in strawberries, contributes beneficial effects on the maintenance of consumer health. Strawberry has higher antioxidant activities than orange, grape, banana, apple, etc. Strawberries are among the fruits sensitive to mechanical and physiological damage and have a fast metabolism and deterioration during the storage period. For this reason, it is necessary to use safe methods to control spoilage and maintain the quality of strawberry fruit during storage.

 The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme (5 treatments x 4 periods evaluated), with four replications The first variable was the type of material with different concentrations in five levels including 0, 0.3%, 0.6% carvacrol, the combination of chitosan with 0.3% and 0.6% carvacrol, and the second variable was storage time in four periods including 0, 10, 20, 30 days of storage. The harvested fruits were kept at  4°C and with a relative humidity of 90±5% and parameters such as weight loss, pH, firmness of the fruit tissue, acidity (TA), soluble solids (TSS) and taste index, vitamin C, phenol and flavonoid, fruit shelf life (number of days) during the storage period were investigated and studied.

 The ANOVA results showed that the effect of the type of treatment and storage time on all investigated traits except for the firmness of the fruit texture was significant at the probability level of 1%. The fruits treated with the combination of chitosan and carvacrol 0.6% had more texture firmness, vitamin C, total phenol content and the amount of soluble solids and better shelf life than the control. In all four storage times, the highest content of total phenol (2.49 mg of gallic acid per 100 gr FW), total flavonoid (0.435 mg of Quercetin per 100 gr FW) and firmness (3.80 N) was related to the combined treatment of chitosan with carvacrol 0.6% and the lowest amount was related to the control. The firmness of the fruit tissue gradually decreased during storage, but this process was observed at a significantly slower rate in the treated fruits.

Considering the increase of 10 and 12 days of shelf life post- harvest of the combined treatment of chitosan + 0.6% carvacrol compared to other treatments and the control, hence the application of chitosan pre harvest and the use of 0.6% carvacrol edible coatings can be recommended as a safe and low-cost strategy to increase the shelf life post harvesting of 'Parus ' strawberry cultivar.