جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سیب زمینی » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد کشاورزی »

Potato is one of the major food products in Afghanistan, ranking third after wheat and rice. Accordingly, this study focused on the economic evaluation of potato production in Khenjan County during the 2022-2023 cropping year. In the first place, economic evaluation indicators such as total income, total cost, gross return, profit, return on investment, benefit-cost ratio, and the total product price were analyzed. The optimal level of input usage was also determined through the production function.  The results showed that the average potato yield was 7334 kg per hectare, with an average income of 154,267 Afghanis, a production cost of 65,228 Afghanis, an average profit of 75,058 Afghanis, and a return-on-investment rate of 134.45 percent per hectare. The income-to-cost ratio indicates that an average income of 2.34 Afghanis was generated for every Afghanis spent on potato production. The average total price of potato per Kg was 9.36 Afghanis. The production function results revealed that most of the coefficients were significant, with land, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, seed, labor, fungicide and machinery, having a positive effect on production while water having a negative effect. Overall, potato cultivation in the Khenjan district is profitable, and the optimal use of inputs except for water is recommended.  It should be focused on creating storage facilities to reduce seed prices, increasing loan facilities to encourage potato cultivation, optimizing water use, providing suitable labor facilities, and focusing on marketing to increase sales and profitability in potato production.

The exchange cost of agricultural business units is an influential factor in the final price of the product, the net prices received by farmers and their participation pattern in the market. The current survey research was conducted with the aim of the effect of transaction costs on the behavior and participation of producers in the potato market in Hamadan province. The statistical population of this study is the producers of agricultural products in Hamadan province in the crop year of 2020-2021. The required sample was obtained using multi-stage simple random sampling. In this way, the sample size was determined to be 65 potato growers in Hamadan province. The necessary statistical information was collected through a questionnaire. The results showed that improving the access roads to the market and increasing the membership of farmers in agricultural unions have a negative effect on the possibility of farmers participating as sellers, and increasing the distance has a positive effect. In the presence of exchange cost, only 13.84% of farmers have participated in the market as buyers, and reducing the amount of exchange cost can increase farmers' market participation.

What is aimed in this research is to determine that are forecasts in years relatively high-price trend and low-price trend affected and smoothed according to the monthly potato and tomato prices? The analysis and forecasting of prices in harvesting seasons of two products are implemented by “t” test and linear regression during 1996-2021. The results have showed significant forecasts for years with normal and high price levels meanwhile the research assumption of forecasting of the price trend has been approved more for potato in a high price level. The results of this research and similar cases can be used to forecast prices for production management of such crops, market regulation and consumers’ welfare of country in different seasons of the year. In case of extra supply with decreasing price level or lack of production with increasing price level one of approaches is to present template and compulsory cultivation in accordance with competitive advantages in provinces and different regions

Given the growing population of the world, meeting the nutritional and medicinal needs of plant products is very important. It is very important to pay attention to the effects of cultivation date and suitable cultivation area in order to provide the nutrients needed by plants to achieve high yield and desired quality crops. One of the most important factors in the growth and yield of potatoes is nutrition and determining the appropriate planting date according to the geographical area, which is one of the main objectives of the present study. The research was conducted as a split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in Jihad Keshavarzi research farms located in Islamabad, Zahkloot and Kerman provinces. The main factor of geographical areas in the stages of flowering and tuber filling and the sub-factor including two planting dates (October 5 and 25) were examined. The results showed that the results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of area treatment, culture date and foliar application on the concentration of chlorophyll an and leaf carotenoids was significant. While it was not significant on chlorophyll b concentration. All bilateral effects except region on planting date were significant in chlorophyll a but not significant on tripartite effect. The highest concentration of chlorophyll a (34.1 mg / g fresh leaf) was obtained in foliar application of 1% iron nanoparticles with 2% magnesium nanoparticles

Jiroft and Kahnuj, located south of Kerman province, are major areas of potato production in the Iran. According to the studies, in these areas semi-automatic horizontal rotating potato planter, automatic cup-chain potato planter and automatic cup-belt potato planter are used for mechanized potato cultivation. In this study, in order to evaluate the performance and determine the suitable planter in these areas, a factorial experiment with three types of conventional potato planters including two semi-automatic rows by horizontal rotating metering device, two-row automatic by cup-belt metering device and four-row automatic by cup-chain metering device. Three different values of 4, 5.5 and 7 km/h were considered for working speed. The results showed that the Semi-automatic potato planter and Cup-belt potato planter have the best operating indices such as feed quality and miss-planting index in the mentioned area and increasing the planter speed has harmful effects in feed quality and potato damaging. In most of the indices, the difference between the averages at speeds of 4 and 5.5 km/h was not significant and the speed of 5.5 km / h can be suggested as a suitable planting speed for all three workers in Jiroft and Kahnuj regions.

The current study attemptted to investigate energy efficiency and analyze the relationship of potato production in of Hamadan provinces. The data were collected by using a proportional stratified random sampling method through interview and questionnaire. The sample size is about 139 farms. The total energy used and energy returns was calculated to analyze energy efficiencies such as energy ratio, energy efficiency and net energy use.the Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) was applied to calculate technical, pure technical and scale technical efficiencies through BCC and CCR models. The results showed that, the total energy input for potato production in Hamedan and as follows: 66295.13 MJ. The first rank of energy used sources respect to inputs goes to fertilizers with 38.78 in Hamedan plain. The energy ratio, energy efficiency and net energy of potato farmer in Bahar were 2. 224, 0. 671 kg/MJ and 84751.885 MJ/ha respectively. The average of technical, pure technical and scale technical efficiencies was estimated as follows 0.748, 0.941, 0.80 respectively. In Hamedan Province the highest misuse consumption belongs to chemical fertilizer and seed.

Insurance as a mean of risk management in agricultural sector is an important factor covering the variance of farm income. Regarding the yields and price variance of potato in East Azerbaijan province during the period of 1985-2015, in this study, we measured the income insurance premium of potato producers. Also, future values of price and yield were predicted using Halt-Winters exponential smoothing method. Then, the predicted and guaranteed income were calculated using the predicted price and yields within the coverage of 0.6, 0.75, 0.80, 0.85, 0.90 and 0.95. After detrending, lognormal and beta distributions were used for the distributions of price and yields, respectively. We also used Chvlsky analysis to calculate the common distributions of price and yield. Finally, using these distributions and Monte Carlo Simulation, we measured the of potato income insurance premium as 957269 Rials within the coverage rate of 0.60. Potato yields insurance premium was about 2040000 Rials in 2015-2016, the negative correlation coefficient between price and yields has been made income insurance premium is less than yield insurance premium, thus this crop holds better qualifications for expanding income insurance. Therefore, it is recommended to policy makers to develop income insurance as an appropriate practical solution to prevent variance in price and yields of the product by establishing training courses in agricultural products insurance (income insurance in particular), and hence reduce the income risk of farmers.

Annually, some 25 percent of potato produced in the country is wasted. Evaluation of potato growers’ knowledge of waste management is a key factor in reducing waste. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge of potato growers in this regard. The studied population was consisted of 546 farmers of Razan county from which a sample of 250 farmers were selected using Multi-stage sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire which was validated by a panel faculty members of faculties of agriculture from Tehran and Mohaghegh Ardabili universities. Chronbach alpha calculated for attitude scale (0.86) and knowledge (0.79). It showed high reliability of the instrument. Result of factor analysis showed that 5 obtained factors, viz. storage, transportation, harvesting, and planting explained 65.93% of total variance of knowledge of waste management of respondent.

Survey Existence Financial Restrictions and Its Effects on Potato Production of Kurdistan Province Using Lewbel's Indirect Production Function E. Pishbahar , S. E. Kohnehpooshi , J. Hosseinzad , S. Abedi Received: 27 Aug 2015 Accepted: 12 Apr 2016 Abstract One of the problems expressed by agricultural producers is budget restrictions and limited financial resources that could be an influential factor on non-use of economically optimal level inputs. Due to the Potato is one of the important products and the Kurdistan province is one of the major province producers of this product, therefore, this study survey the effect of budget restrictions and their impact on potato production in Kurdistan province. In this context, the approach of indirect production function with Lewbel functional form was used as a generalized functional form of two the Translog functional form and Almost Ideal Supply System. For this purpose, the data of price and quantity of the inputs and the output of potatoes was used during 1991-2011. The results showed that the Lagrange multiplier for the product is greater than one that this indicates the existence of budget restrictions in the production of potato.

Agriculture is mostly a risky activity in less developed countries, and usually there is inefficiency associate with it. So, Simultaneous study of risk and inefficiency could lead into a more favorable outcome. This study was done to identify factors influencing risk and inefficiency of potato farms in Ardabil. The required data collected by questionnaire from 156 Ardebil potato farmers in 1391. To achieve the purpose, Kumbhakar (2002) and Jaenicke (2003) models that are based on Aigner et al (1977) and the Meeusen and Van Den Broeck (1977) frontier model, were estimated. According to the results, water does not affect production risk in the farms. labor and machinery, reduce production risk and seed increase it. Seed and labor increase the efficiency average and machines and water decrease it. Producers Gender does not affect the efficiency average and efficiency variance. Therefore, increased using of labor for risk reducing and efficiency increasing in these units is recommended.

The groundwater resources in Hamedan-Bahar plain are threated by uncontrolled exploitation and overmining. So the underground water levels are depletion. The aim of this study is to analyze the welfare of farmers affected by excessive exploitation of these resources. Information collected in the field, through interviews and questionnaires completed by farmers in 2015. For this purpose, the estimation welfare function, measured the effect of reducing the groundwater level on the welfare of farmers. In this study, the effects of land adjacent to the welfare of farmers, estimated through spatial econometric approach. The correlation coefficient of the estimate showed that the use of spatial regression superior to the classical regression model. The results show that the annual welfare loss per meter groundwater level is for each farmer in wheat and potato 18754300 and 35672800 Rials, respectively. Thus, the losses to farmers, 5632235 Rials, and in the study area is 52 billion rials. Thus, decreased 2.6 percent of the per capita income of farmers. Therefore, considerable reduction in welfare and a continuation of this situation in the long term lead to reduced water availability and reducing the welfare of farmers. Therefore Recommended investment by governments at least reduced welfare, preservation and groundwater recharge. Also be customized to farmers who participate in watershed management projects designed by the government.

According to the government's approach to change energy price in 2010, this study conducted to compare economic and energy efficiency of potato grower in Quchan. A random sampling was used to collect data through 50 farmers by using a face-to-face questionnaire and analysis by IDEA model. Result indicated that farmers had different ranking in economic and energy efficiency index, so that, only 22% of farmers in upper bounds of inputs were 100% efficient. Also, none of firms were not 100% efficient. In addition, share of more inputs in total costs of production is lower than shares in total energy consumption. So that, share of water, fertilizer, machines, seed and labor in energy consumption were 56,19,12,11 and 1 percent respectively while, share of them in total cost were 18,6,7,32 and 35 percent respectively. So optimal pricing can lead farmers to use inputs more efficient.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate solublizing bacteria and chemical phosphorus on three varieties of potato.Arandomized complete block design whit a split split plot layout was used in three replication.This investigation was carried out in a farm in Enaj, one of the environs of Arak. The result show that the use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and its con frontation with other factors, were significantly affected the studied qualities about wet weight a erial part, wet weight of tubers, dry weight of tubers, the phosphorus content of tubers and prominent of baruest. It caused significantly in creasing in yield parameters, especially tubers yield comparing to chemical treatment at 1% level. The result also showed that the interaction effect of phosphate solubizing bacteria and chemical hosphorus, showed significant advantage in qualities of wet weight and dry weight of aerial part, dry weight of tuber, number of main stems per plant, Biomous yield and the phosphorus content per bush at 5%level. There was no significant difference at application treatment of phosphate solublizing bacteria with 75kg of chemical phosphate, in the yield aspect with the application of 15kg chemicalphosphate fertilizer. The results show that the application of chemical phosphorus in the most qualities suchas yield of tuber, the percentage of absorbed phosphorus, phosphate content of bush, dry weight of aerial part and biomas yield. Showed difference at 1% level and lead to the most result.

In order to investigate irrigation intervals effect of irrigation intervals, manure and zeolite traits of agronomical and yield of potato varieties Agria on experiment was conducted in moradi field in 5km Arak-Farahan in 2010. The exprimental design was split plat on randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatment applied, including irrigation at three levels 6 days, 8 days and 10 days as main plot and in sub plots treated manure and zeolite four levels include: control (no use of manure and zeolite), 20 ton/ha of manure + 4 ton/ha of zeolite, 40 ton/ha manure and 8 ton/ha zeolite. The results showed that application of manure and zeolite on traits of measured at 1% level of probability was significant.with increasing of irrigation in terval from 6 to 8 day, yield reduced by 7/19 % declined. Main effects of manure and zeolite showed the highest tuber yield equivalent of 59/88 ton/ha from 20 ton/ha manure +4 ton/ha zeolite was obtained. Effect of interaction showed that the highest tuber mean total yield equivalent product 63/6 ton/ha from irrigation six days and application 20 ton/ha manure+4 ton/ha zeolite was obtained that with tretmant of irrigation interval 8 day and application along with 20 ton/ha manure+4ton/ha zeolite was not significantly.

The nature of climate risks such as drought and frost is such that at the time of their occurrence، large areas are affected. Understanding the spatial extent of the impact of such risks is very important to prevent and cope with their devastating consequences. Hence، the purpose of this study is to determine the spatial dependence between potato production areas in the country and Identify areas with similar risk of frost. To this end، spatial autoregressive models were used. Results indicated that between the cultivated variety of spring، summer، fall and winter potatoes in the country، just about fall potato planting areas (with a share of 72 percent of the potato acreage) yield risk is systematic. In fall planting region، the intensity of the spatial correlation between areas with similar risk assigned to neighboring varies from 0. 37 to 0. 72 is fluctuating. The precipitation changes over the years have played an important role in establishing this correlation. Based on the results obtained and climate divisions and neighborhoods identified in this study، it is possible to determine the optimal portfolio of insurance for the potato crop that guarantee to reduce financial risk of insurance fund and yield risk of potato.

This study developed a model of revenue insurance computing fair premiums for both maize and potatoes and applying bootstrapping simulation to time series of 1982-2008 in Kerman. Then, revenue insurance rates were compared taking into account maize, as one of the main products of the province, along with potatoes in a crop rotation with different ratios. The results showed that potato has better conditions than maize for revenue insurance due to having more income fluctuations and therefore has higher premium than maize especially for 50% and 75% coverage levels. Also the calculated premiums were less than current insurance schemes premiums for both products.

To study the effect of Phosphorus solublizing bacteria (PSB) and zinc sulfate utilization on yield and yield components of potato cultivars this experiment was done in potato fields at Tooreh village in Sarband، Markazi province at 2010. Treatments were consisted of two potato cultivars “Agria and Markyz” in main plots and utilization and non utilization of zinc sulfate and with and four levels Phosphorus solublizing bacteria were in sub plots. Experiment model was spilt factorial in three replicates at 2010. Treatments were two potato cultivars Agria and Markyz، and two levels of Zink foliar application and without and phosphorus utilization in four levels included 100 kg/ha triple super phosphate، Triple super phosphate 100 kg/ha and PSB bacteria، PSB alone، and 50 kg/ha triple super phosphate with PSB. The results showed that the biomass yield، plant height، potato tubers numbers per plant and tuber yield had significant difference by applied experiment treatments. The results also suggest that all potato traits studied were significant advantages compared to Markyz to control. In all cases of PSB utilization with chemical phosphorus fertilizer we observed that potato characteristics were improved. Agria was more sensitive than Markyz about phosphate availability. In low phosphate condition، Markyze potato tubes dry weight was reduced from 81 to 51 g. this changes was from 66 to 54 g for Agria cultivar too.

To find the most suitable planting time، irrigation method، plant pattern and their effect on tuber yield of potato varieties، strip split plot experiment was done in a complete randomized block design with three replicates in Jiroft، Iran in 2008-2009 planting season. Treatments were irrigation method at vertical factor in two level sprinkle and dripping irrigation، planting time an main: horizon in two levels night and day irrigation plant pattern an lateral horizon factor in three level planting row intervals 75cm and plant interval 20cm، planting row intervals 70cm and planting interval 21. 5cm and planting row intervals 65cm and plant interval 23cm and finally potato varieties were lateral factor in two levels، Vergo and Sante. Results showed that irrigation method had significant effect on tuber yield and water was efficiency at 0. 01 and on tuber number and tuber mean weight at 0. 05 also on plant pattern had significant effect. Tuber yield، biomass weight and water use efficiency at 0. 01 Variety effect on all elements was significant at 0. 01. Treatment of drip irrigation method had the most tuber yield with 50014 Kg/h which it was more than sprinkle irrigation method with 22037 Kg/h. Day irrigation had more yield in comparison with high irrigation. The treatment of sante variety with trickle and day irrigation and plant pattern of 65×23cm، had the most yield with 5547 kg/h and it is recommended for this region.

In this study, three irrigation methods, namely, clouding tape, sprinkler and furrow in Rozveh Agricultural Research station (Fereidan Region in Isfahan) were evaluated. This study was conducted as randomized complete blocks design as a split-split strip plot layout with three replication during two years. Three irrigation systems were considered as main plots, two planting methods (one- row planting and two-row planting) as split subplots and two potato cultivars (Marfuna and Agria) as split-split subplots. Significant difference way observed between irrigation method treatments and planting method by analyzing two years results. Results of the 1st year showed the advantage of production mean in sprinkler and tape methods comparing to furrow method while the second year results showed the advantage of sprinkler method to tape method and tape method to furrow method. Comparison of yield mean of cultivars indicated that although Agria cultivar was preferred to Marfona cultivar in the 1st year, two year comparison of yield mean showed no significant difference between Agria and Marfuna cultivars with yield means of 24083 kg. and 23233 kg., respectively. The two year comparison results of yield means using different planting methods indicated that one row planting with mean yield of 24839 kg. was preferred significantly compare to two row planting with mean yield of 22927kg.. One row planting showed significant preference in the 1st and 2nd year. Two year interaction effect of treatments showed that, except cultivar × year source, other interaction effects were not significant. Tape irrigation led to highest mean of WUE equal to 4.92 kg/m3. Economic evaluation of the project was carried out using benefit -cost ratio and present value of net benefits. The results indicated that sprinkler system was more beneficial. Tape and furrow methods for potato planting stood in the next place.