جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "potassium" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد کشاورزی"

Salinity stress causes change in absorption and transformation of nutrients in rice plants. In order to determine of salinity, affect in different growth stages of rice crops on the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leaves, was carried out pot experiment in the greenhouse of rice research institute of Iran(Amol) in 2014. The experiment as a split plot factorial in base of completely random design with three replicates, with two rice varieties, hybrid rice (Dialam) and PSBRC88 as main plots, and three levels of salinity (0, 6, 12 ds.m-1) with three growth stages (Tilling, Stem elongation, Flowering) as sub-plots factorial. Hydroponic culture was done in pots with 6 L Yoshida solution. The content of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leaves were measured that salinity treatments were done about 20 days for each stage. The results showed that the content of potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leaves were decreased with increasing of salinity level at each growth stage. In check treatment, the highest of ions concentration was at flowering stage and the ions content of roots was always less than stems and leaves. The concentration amount of potassium, calcium and magnesium were higher in PSBRC88 variety than hybrid rice (Dialam). Therefore, PSBRC88 variety had higher ions uptake efficiency of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in slat stress and had more biomass.

Salinity stress causes change in absorption and transformation of nutrients in rice plants. In order to determine of salinity affect in different growth stages of rice crops on the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of  roots, stems and leaves, was carried out pot experiment in the greenhouse of rice research institute of Iran(Amol) in 2014. The experiment as a split plot factorial in base of completely random design with three replicates, with two rice varieties, hybrid rice (Dialam) and PSBRC88 as main plots,  and three levels of salinity (0, 6, 12 ds.m-1 ) with three growth stages (Tillering, Stem elongation, Flowering) as sub-plots factorial. Hydroponic culture was done in pots with 6 L Yoshida solution. The content of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leaves were measured that salinity treatments were done about 20 days for each stage. The results showed that the content of potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leaves were decreased with increasing of salinity level at each growth stage. In check treatment, the highest of ions concentration was at flowering stage and the ions content of roots was always less than stems and leaves. The concentration amount of potassium, calcium and magnesium were higher in PSBRC88 variety than hybrid rice (Dialam). Therefore, PSBRC88 variety had higher ions uptake efficiency of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in slat stress and had more biomass.

Salinity stress is a major problem of limiting agricultural productivity and plant growth in many regions of the word including Khuzestan. There are various practices that can apply including Improvement of saline soils and irrigation management and introduction of toleratedcultivars. The aim of experiment is introducing tolerant and semi tolerant cultivars in many regions for acceptable crop yields. Breeding for salinity tolerance, pot experiment under natural conditions in a completely randomized design and enforced in three replications in three states in a stress, fourteen ds/m and twenty-one ds/m. Genotypes were evaluated for salinity tolerance by using dry matter of grain, seed number, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and relative water content, leaf Na+, leaf K+, leaf K+/Na+. Sirvan cultivar at both salinity levels 14 (17.30 mg / g) and 21 (28.43 mg / g) ds/m, had the highest amount of leaf sodium and aflak cultivar (8.70 mg / g dry weight), had the lowest sodium concentration under 21 ds/m salinity stress. According to the results, among the genotypes studied, aflak as resistant cultivar, Sirvan as susceptible and Arg cultivar as a medium were selected from varieties adapted to Khuzestan conditions.

This study was carried out to evatuate the effects of combined application of chemical and biological Potassium fertilizer, on biochemical characteristics and grain yield of corn hybrids under drought stress conditions in 2015 and 2016 years in Dehloran city. The experiment was conducted as split-split plots in a randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replications. The main factor consists of three levels of stress,optimum irrigation, irrigation cut in 12 leaf stage and irrigation cut at the corn flower emergence stage, Sub-factor contains of three levels of potassium: application of 100% fertilizer requirements as Potassium sulfate fertilizer, application of 70% Potassium sulfate fertilizer along with 30% Pta-Barvar-2 bio-fertilizer, 50% Potassium sulfate fertilizer along with 50% Pta-Barvar-2 bio-fertilizer and sub-sub- factor contains of three corn hybrids: AS71, NS640 and CORDONA. The results of compound analysis showed that the interaction between year, drought stress, fertilizer and hybrid were significant on chlorophyll content, proline and grain protein at 1% probability level. Also, the interaction of drought stress, fertilizer, hybrid had significant effects on the enzyme superoxide dismutase, potassium grain and grain yield. Also, Application of biological and chemical potassium fertilizers under drought stress had a positive effect on biochemical characteristics and grain yield. Based on the interaction between treatments, the highest grain yield (12230 kg.ha-1) was found in 50% potassium fertilizer + 50% fertilizer Peta Fertilizer in hybrid AS71 under favorable irrigation conditions and the lowest grain yield (4616 kg.ha-1) obtained by NS640 hybrid and 100% chemical fertilizer application and by the irrigation cut at the corn flower emergence stage.

In order to investigate the effect of growth promoting bacteria and potassium sulfate fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of corn an experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in summer 2015 in Shavour Agricultural Research Station, affiliated to the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khuzestan. The treatments included: T1: Without inoculation and use of potassium fertilizer at recommended rate (as control), T2: using autoclaved inoculum and using chemical fertilizer of potassium as recommended, T3: inoculation with biological fertilizer of Pseudomonas and application of potassium fertilizer to Recommended rate, T4: Inoculation with biological fertilizer of Pseudomonas without the use of potassium fertilizer and T5: Inoculation with biological fertilizer of Pseudomonas and Potassium fertilizer use were 50% less than recommended rate.  The results showed that the effect of treatments on the number of rows per ear, number of seeds per row, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, starch percentage and potassium percentage of seed and in regard to phosphorus percentage was  not significant. The maximum grain yield and biological yield was belonged to T3 treatment. T4 treatment showed the minimum grain yield and biological yield. There was no significant difference between two treatments of T3 and T5 in terms of starch percentage. The highest amount of potassium was obtained from T3 treatment and showed the lowest amount of T4 treatment. In general, there was no significant difference between T3 and T5 treatments in terms of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of yield and the T5 treatment was recommended as a suitable treatment due to reduced potassium fertilizer in terms of sustainable agriculture and reduction of environmental pollution.

In order to evaluate response of quantity and quality traits of forage maize to macroelements and zinc in the common agricultural and ecological systems, an experimental carried out as split plot design a randomized complete block with four replications in the village of Qara-Chai that khondab city located. The main plots included in organic and chemical fertilizer treatments at six levels: 100, 75 and 50% NPK fertilizer recommended by the laboratory, 75% NPK fertilizers 10 t/ha manure, 50% fertilizers NPK 25 t/ha manure, 40 t/ha of manure, and subplots sprayed with different concentrations of zinc sulfate in three of control (no spray), sprayed with zinc sulphate two and four per thousand. Results showed that maximum forage yield 92291 kg/ha was recorded from 40 t/ha manure that with 75% NPK fertilizers combined with application of 10 t/ha manure with forage yield equal to 88845 kg/ha was no significant difference. The foliar application of zinc at a concentration of 4 per thousand, the highest yield (87379 kg/ha) were produced. The highest protein content (12.59 %) was obtained from treatment 40 t/ha of manure. The foliar application of zinc sulfate at concentration of 4 per thousand showed that highest protein content (18.73%). foliar application of two and four per thousand zinc sulfate concentrations increased the grain yield by 8, 9 and 23.08 % compared to the control. The maximum of zinc concentration (47.13 mg/kg) was recorded from application of zincsulfate at the rate of 4 per thousand. In general, results showed that application of 75% NPK recommended combined with 10% t/ha manure along with foliar application of 4 per thousand zinc sulfate can obtain good quantitative and qualitative yield.

This research was carried out in the farm located in sari with latitude 36/38 and longitude 53/12 and 13/5 meter height above sea level in the year 2013 and 2014. Experiment was carried out as split split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Rice cultivars were chosen as main plots including Tarom Mahalli and Tarom Hashemi. Nitrogen rates, 35 and 70 kg N ha-1 and nitroxin was chosen as sub plot and spraying water, nano silicon, nano– potassium and nano-silicone + nano-potassium were sub subplots. The results showed that the most panicle length (28/77 cm) and the most spikelets per spike (113/80 spikelets) respectively belong to Tarom Hashemi and Tarom Mahalli. the most fertile tiller per hill and straw yield (kg ha-1) had obtained respectively with (21.7 and 6129/17 kg ha-1) and the lowest filled spikelet number and harvest index was achieved (91.09 and 42/75%) with consumption of 70 kg of nitrogen per hectare, respectively. nano-silicon lonely spraying results the most grain yield, equal 4746/67 kg ha-1, While the highest harvest index (45/18%) obtained by integrate application of nano-silicon and nano- potassium chelate. without spraying,the least filled spikelet per panicle was achieved (90/53 spikelets), respectively. under twofold interaction effect, The highest maximum spikelets (119/6 spikelets) and filled spikelet number (107/7 spikelets) were obtained with the use of nitroxin in Tarom cultivar. With consumption of 70 kg ha-1of nitrogen and without spraying, the lowest filled spikelet (77/21 clusters) was obtained and by the application of nano-potassium chelate, the highest straw yield and biological yield (respectively 6633 and 11580 kg per hectare) was achieved. The highest harvest index observed with consumption of nitroxin in Tarom mahalli cultivar (46/34%) and also obtain with combined nitroxin and nano-silicon (46/29%), respectively.

In order to investigation of zeolite and potassium effect on sugar beet yield and its vegetation growth an experimental design was done based on RCBD with three replications. Research was done in a farm 5 km far from Arak along to the Farahan road in 2007. Traits were selected as zeolite (500 kg/ha)، zeolite+potassium (200 and 50 kg/ha respectively) and no zeolit and potassium as control. Planting process was done in 14th of April in row crop method with 50 cm distance between rows and 25 cm within seeds. Leaf area index (LAI)، the dry and wet basis weight of branches، branches moisture content، root yield، biomass and root length were measured as main characteristics before and after of harvesting. Results showed that there were significant effects on traits about LAI، dry and wet basis weight of branches and biomass but no significant difference between zeolite and zeolite+potassium traits.

In order to investigate Silicon and potassium application facts on lodging related characteristics and quantity yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Tarom Hashemi variety، an experiment was carried out at split-plot in randomized complete block design with four replications at Mazandaran province in 2010. Main factor was silicon rates in four levels including 0، 250، 500 and 750 kg Si/ha and subfactor was potassium rates in four levels including 0، 30، 60 and 90 kg K/ha. Results showed that the all of traits except panicle length، fourth internode length، fourth internode bending moment and harvest index significantly (p 0. 01; p 0. 05) at the silicon rates. Also stem length، plant height، fourth internode length، fourth internode bending moment، fertile tiller number، grain yield and harvest index significantly (p 0. 01; p 0. 05) at the potassium rates. None of the investigated traits، not significantly (p 0. 01; p 0. 05) at silicon rates × potassium rates. The maximum of grain yield (612 g/m2) obtained on 750 kg Si/ha، because most of the tiller number per hill and fertile tiller number due this treatment. The least of the fourth internode bending moment obtained in 90 kg K/ha. Most of the fertile tiller number، grain yield (575. 3 g/m2) and harvest index (35. 6 %) was produced in 90 kg K/ha. Grain yield had been positive correlation with total tiller number per hill and fertile tiller number. Harvest index had been positive correlation with flag leaf length، fertile tiller number and grain yield. Therefore، 750 kg Si/ha and 90 kg K/ha due to as most of yield components، grain yield and harvest index introduced the best of treatment.