جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Bio-fertilizers » در نشریات گروه « اکولوژی »

One of the important ways to reduce the effects of drought stress is the use of biofertilizers in triticale plant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vermicompost and mycorrhiza on grain filling components and dry matter remobilization of triticale under rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions.

Methods & Materials: 

An experiment as factorial was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of University of Mohaghegh Ardabil during 2022. Average rainfall was about 300 mm that most rainfall concentrated between winter and spring. The experimental factors were included irrigation levels (no irrigation as rainfed, supplementary irrigation at heading and booting stages) and application of biofertilizers (no application biofertilizers, application of vermicompost, Mycorrhiza, both application vermicompost and Mycorrhiza).

The results showed that the application of mycorrhizae and vermicompost and supplementary irrigation at booting stage increased root weight and volume (53.6 and 45.49%, respectively), maximum of grain weight, grain filling rate and period (54.04, 19.84 and 21.99% respectively), grain yield (48.66%), current photosynthesis (109.68%) and contribution of its in grain yield (41.14%) and decreased of dry matter remobilization from shoot and stem and contribution of them in grain yield (32.72, 33.55, 97.14 and 98.49% respectively) in comparison with no application of biofertilizers under rainfed condition.

It seems that the application of mycorrhizae and vermicompost and supplementary irrigation at booting stage can increase the yield of triticale in rainfed condition due to improving photosynthesis and grain filling components.

the aim of ‎this study was to investigate the effects of silicon and vermicompost on quantitative and ‎qualitative yield and grain filling period of safflower.

an experiment was conducted as factorial based on RCBD with three replications in research farm of University of Mohaghegh ‎Ardabili during 2020. Factors experiment were included irrigation levels (full irrigation‏ ‏as ‎control, irrigation withholding in 50% of heading bud and flowering stages as severe and ‎moderate water limitation respectively) based on 55 and 65 BBCH code, foliar application ‎nano silicon (foliar application with water as control, application of 25 and 50 mg.L-1 nano ‎silicon) and application of vermicompost (no application of vermicompost as control, ‎application of 4 and 8 ton.ha 1).‎

The results showed that both application of vermicompost and foliar ‎application 50 mg.L-1 nano silicon under full irrigation increased chlorophyll index ‎‎(450.2%), number of head per plant (40%), number of gain per head (40%), 1000 grain ‎weight (45%), grain filling period and effective grain filling period (40.9 and 31.9% ‎respectively) in comparison with no application of vermicompost and nano silicon under ‎irrigation withholding in heading bud stage. Also, the highest vermicompost level under ‎full irrigation increased grain yield and oil percentage (119 and 26.2% respectively) in ‎comparison with no application of vemicompost under irrigation withholding in heading ‎bud stage. Based on the results, it seems that vermicompost and nano silicon application ‎can increase grain yield of safflower under water limitation condition due to improving ‎yield componenets and grain filling components.‎

milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is one of the most popular medicinal plants of most developed countries. In the past, milk thistle leaves has been used to treat biliary and gastrointestinal diseases. It has valuable effects on the prevention and treatment of long-term complications of diabetes, renal failure and nerve cell disorders. Silibinin is the most important flavonoid in the plant that plays an important role in prostate cancer treatment. Humic Materials are part of the organic matter of humus soils resulting from the physical, chemical and microbiological deformation or homophication of biomolecules in the soil. This study aims at investigating the effect of organic and biological fertilizers including humic acid, vermicompost and two species of mycorrhizal fungi on physiological and morphological traits of Silybum marianum.

This study was conducted in the spring in Gorgan. This study was conducted as factorial experiments using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Treatments included four levels of vermicompost (0, 25, 50, and 75%), four levels of humic acid fertilizer (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg / L) and two species of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices). Yield, 1000 - grain weight, leaf area, capitule number, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, soluble sugars and protein were measured in the plant. All measurements were carried out in three replications, and mean comparisons were made through the Duncan test (P<0.05) using SPSS-22 software package.

The results of data analysis of variance showed that all the studied properties are affected by the interaction of the applied treatments. The highest Silybum marianum yield was obtained in Glomus mosseae third level vermicompost and first humic acid level equal to 2296 kg / ha. Also, the lowest grain yield was obtained in the control treatment (435 kg / ha). The reason for the increase in yield can be attributed to the supply of nutrients, water supply and improving the respiratory status of the plant due to the use of organic and biological fertilizers. Also, the presence of mycorrhiza fungi and vermicompost has improved the physical condition of the soil and increased the ability of the plant to use soil water. The highest leaf area (3.96 cm2) was observed in the fourth level of humic acid (75 mg / L) and vermicompost (75%) in both types of Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices. The highest amount of total chlorophyll in the plant (15.26 mg / g fresh weight) was related to humic acid 50 g / l + mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae at 25% vermicompost level. Mycorrhizal fungus improves nitrogen uptake, which plays a key role in plant chlorophyll structure. On the other hand, nitrogen is the most important element in protein synthesis, which is in favorable condition with the increase of mycorrhizal fungus and leads to an increase in the amount of protein and soluble sugar. The results have shown that use of humic acid has positive effects on the studied plant characteristics. The highest protein (3.65 mg / wet weight) was obtained in the third level of humic acid and Glomus intraradices and the lowest protein (0.92 mg /wet weight) in control treatment.

The use of organic compounds as fertilizer improves the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Also increases plant growth by providing the plant with the necessary elements. In general, the results showed that the use of organic and bio-fertilizers can improve the status of Silybum marianum and these compounds can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers to prevent the adverse effects of these fertilizers on human health and the environment.

Salinity is one of the most important environmental stresses that reduce the growth and yield of crops. The use of bio and organic fertilizers increases growth and yield of plants to various environmental stresses such as salinity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of vermicompost, humic acid and inoculation of seeds with Flavobacterium in improvment grain filling components and yield triticale.

An experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in greenhouse research of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during 2020. Factors experiment were included salinity levels (non-application of salinity as control, application of 50 and 100 mM salinity by NaCl), and bio-fertilizers application (no application of bio-fertilizers as control, application of vermicompost, seed inoculation with Flavobacterim,both application vermicompost and Flavobacterim) and foliar application humic acid (foliar application with water as control and foliar application of 2 g.L-1 humic acid).

The results showed that both application of vermicompost, Flavobacterim and foliar application of 2 g.L-1 humic acid under no salinity condition, increased chlorophyll a (83.38%), total chlorophyll (76.61%) and carotenoid (89.26%), maximum of grain weight (53.56%), grain filling period and effective grain filling period (19.39 and 55.11% respectively) in comparison with no application of bio-fertilizers and humic acid under the highest soil salinity level. Also, both application of vermicompost with Flavobacterim and foliar application of 2 g.L-1 humic acid under no salinity condition increased plant height, ear length, the number of grain per spike, 100 grains weight and grain yield of per plant of triticale.

Application of bio-fertilizers and humic acid can increase grain yield of triticale under soil salinity conditions due to improve of chlorophyll content and grain filling components.

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of chemical, animal and biological fertilizers on morphological, physiological, biochemical, functional traits, yield components of corn 500 single-cross, as well as to introduce the best fertilizer treatment.

An experiment was conducted using a factorial based on the randomized complete block design with three replications in a farm located in Dasht-e-Giv in Khoosf city of South Khorasan province in late June of 2018-2019 growing season. The experimental treatments were inoculation/ non-inoculation of seeds with phosphate Barvar-2 as the main plot, and three levels of chemical fertilizer (control, N150: P25: K150 and N300: P50: K300 per hectare) and three levels of animal fertilizer (control, 10 and 20 t.ha-1) as the subplot. Furthermore, indices of plant height, shoot dry weight, row number per cob, grain number per row, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, seed protein, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids were evaluated.

The results indicated that seed inoculation with bio-fertilizer Barvar-2 significantly increased the dry weight of aerial parts, the number of grains per row, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, and photosynthetic pigments. Also, the application of animal fertilizer at the level of 20 t.ha-1 and chemical fertilizer at the treatment of N300: P50: K300 significantly increased all indices studied in this study than the control treatment. According to the results, it was observed that there were significant effects for interactions of bio-fertilizer × chemical fertilizer (chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and biological yield), bio-fertilizer × animal fertilizer (dry weight of aerial parts, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids), chemical fertilizer × animal fertilizer (dry weight of aerial parts, biological yield, chlorophyll b and carotenoids) and biofertilizer × chemical fertilizer × animal fertilizer (carotenoids).

In general, inoculating seeds with phosphate barvar-2, the application of 20 t.ha-1 of animal fertilizer, the application of N300: P50: K300 treatment, the interaction of biological, animal and chemical fertilizers resulted in improving yield and yield components of corn 500 single-cross under agricultural conditions of the present study area.

In order to evaluate the effect of application of biological and chemical nitrogen fertilizers on the intercropping of pinto bean and black mustard, this experiment was conducted.

The first factor was considered at four levels: No fertilizer, bio-fertilizers (azotobarvar 1 and barvar 2), bio-fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizers urea (125 kg.ha-1) and bio-fertilizers + 100% chemical fertilizers urea (250 kg.ha-1). The cropping pattern was also classified as the second factor in four levels: pure bean, pure black mustard, incremental intercropping with a ratio of 50% black mustard, optimum density of pinto bean mono-cropping, and an incremental intercropping with optimum density of two species in mono-cropping.

Ground cover percentage, leaf chlorophyll index and grain yield in pinto bean and black mustard and also the oil yield of black mustard increased by application of bio-fertilizer + 100% urea fertilizer. The lowest seed oil content was obtained from bio-fertilizer + 100% chemical fertilizer treatment. The highest percentage ground cover of pinto bean and black mustard (93.08%) and maximum leaf chlorophyll index of pinto bean (23.61) were obtained in incremental intercropping with optimum density of two species in mono-cropping. The highest grain yield of pinto bean (3269.92 kg.ha-1) and black mustard (2066.65 kg.ha-1) and yield of black mustard oil (865.65 kg.ha-1) were obtained in their pure cultivation.

Based on the land equivalent ratio and relative value total indices, it was evident that intercropping of pinto bean and black mustard was more beneficial than mono-cropping.

The effect of bio fertilizers of Mycorrhiza and phosphate Barvar2 on yield of safflower cultivar soffeh under drought stress were investigated in a Research Farm Faculty of Agriculture at Yasouj University in 2016, as split plot Experiment randomized complete block design with three replications. Main factor included droughtt stress in three stages (full irrigation, flowering and pollination stage, and grain filling stage) and bio fertilizers as sub factor were included control or no application Bio fertilizer, Phosphate Barvar 2, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, and Arbuscular mycorrhiza + Phosphate Barvar 2. Application of bio fertilizers increased the grain yield components including number of fertilie head, number of grain per head and 1000-grain weight. The highest grain yield (3413 kg.ha-1) was obtained in conventional irrigation treatments and the combined application of biofertilizers, arbuscular myrrhiza and phosphate Barvar2, and the lowest grain yield (1451 kg.ha-1) in stress at flowering stage and in the absence of bio fertilizer application. Stress at flowering stage reduced the grain yield. The highest percentage of grain oil was obtained in conventional irrigation treatments and integrated application of bio fertilizers, and the lowest percentage of grain oil was due to grain filling stage stress and non-application of bio fertilizers. Drought stress at flowering and grain filling stages reduced grain yield, oil yield and grain oil content. Application of biofertilizers in drought stress conditions with improvement in yield components increased the mentioned traits in compared with non-application of biofertilizers.

In order to study the effects of biofertilizers of nitroxin (0, 2, 4 L.h-1) and biosulphur (0, 2, 4 kg.h-1) on morphological and phytochemical traits of winter cherry (Physalis alkekengi L.) an experiment was conducted in factorial basement in randomized complete block design with nine treatments and three replications in agricultural faculty of Zanjan University in 2016. All treatments had significant effects on evaluated traits. Results showed that the highest plant height (53 cm), number of branches (58), shoot fresh weight (371.3 g), dry weight (78 g), yield per plant (82.5 g), the highest total soluble solids (16.23 Brix) and vitamin C content (120.1 mg.100g)-1 obtained from integrated treatment of 4 L.h-1 Nitroxin with 4 kg.h-1 biosulphur and had Significant difference compared with control and other treatments. The highest amount of chlorophyll content obtained from integrated treatment of four L.h-1 Nitroxin with four kg.h-1 biosulphur, and 2 kg.h-1 biosulphur whit 4 L.h-1 nitroxin respectively with 6.5 and 6.23 mg /gFW, but there arent any significantly differences between these two treatments statistically, however significantly different with other treatments. The treatment of 4 L.h-1 nitroxin caused the highest antioxidant activity (76.84 percent) and the highest physaline percent (1.56 percent of dry weight) Compared with the control and other treatments. Results revealed that application of bio-sulphur and Nitroxin bio-fertilizers caused to improvement of yield and physiological and phytochemical indices in medicinal plants of winter cherry.

In order to study the effects of biological and nitrogen fertilizers on yield and some morphological traits of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under dry land conditions, a field study was conducted during 2010 at Agricultural Research Station in University of Tabriz. The experiment was carried out as a factorial on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was comprised Alvar (native cultivar) and Sahand cultivars and the second factor was fertilizer levels containing control, Barvar 2 phosphate biofertilizer, Nitragin, 60 kg urea/ha (recommended total), Nitragin + Barvar 2 phosphate biofertilizer, 30 kg urea/ha (recommended 1/2 of total) + Barvar 2 phosphate biofertilizer and, Nitragin + Barvar 2 phosphate biofertilizer + 20 kg urea/ha (recommended 1/3 of total). Sahand cultivar had more height than hat native cultivar (23 %). The highest plant height was observed in the Sahand cultivar with 50% Urea + Barvar 2 phosphate biofertilizer and Sahand cultivar + 100% Urea fertilizer treatments applied and the lowest plant height was obtained from the native cultivar with control and Barvar 2 phosphate biofertilizer combination treatments. The treatment of Barvar 2 phosphate biofertilizer + 50% Urea significantly increased spike height, whereas other treatments combination did not have significant effect. This treatment had 11% spike height more than that of control. Effects of fertilizer and cultivar were significance on grain yield. But, only, fertilizer had significant effect on straw and biological yield. The average of grain yield in the Sahand cultivar was 18% higher than that of Alvar native cultivar. The highest grain yield was achieved in 60 kg urea/ha fertilizer. Amoung fertilizer levels, 60 kg urea/ha application and control were produced maximum and minimum straw yield, respectively. The biological yield was increased from 3/2 t/ha (control) to 5/2 t/ha with 60 kg urea/ha application. Cultivar effects on harvest index were significant, as Sahand cultivar had higher harvest index than that Alvar.Generally, it was concluded that whereas 60kg urea/ha application could be resulted in the positive and significant effect on yield and some morphological traits, but, integrated usage of reduced amounts of chemical fertilizers such as urea with biofeetilizers, can be have positive and suitable effects on barley yield and human healthy.