جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تجزیه به عامل ها » در نشریات گروه « باغبانی »

Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schults-bip.) is a perennial medicinal plant from Asteraceae family and a rich source of sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasm, and especially anti-migraine properties. In this study, the aerial parts of five wild populations of this plant were harvested from Mazandaran (Marzanabad, Siah Bisheh, and Valiabad) and Tehran (Ahar and Gachsar) provinces at full flowering stage in 2020 to evaluate their morphological traits and parthenolide content. The results showed a significant difference at 1% probability level among the studied populations for all the traits. The highest plant height (130 cm), flower dry weight (8.60 g.plant-1), and parthenolide content (0.33 mg.g-1 dry weight) were observed in Gachsar, Siah Bisheh, and Marzanabad populations, respectively. Parthenolide content correlated with leaf length, number of lateral branches, and crown diameter negatively and with number of capitols positively and significantly at 5% probability level. Cluster analysis put the feverfew populations in two main groups. Principal coordinate analysis showed that the first three factors could explain 93.06% of the total variance. Overall, the results indicated the existence of high diversity in feverfew populations for use in breeding programs and cultivation and domestication of this species.

The Prangos genus is a medicinal plant belonging to the Apiaceae family, of which 15 species are found in Iran. The morphological traits at the flowering stage were studied to study the genetic diversity among 80 populations belonging to seven species P. hausslmechtii, P. lophoptera, P. corymbosa, P. uloptera, P. acaulis, P. platychloena and P. ferulacea from six provinces Lorestan, Esfahan, Fars, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh & Buyer-Ahmad, and Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari. For this purpose, 10 plant samples were selected from each habitat and 22 quantitative traits were evaluated. Statistical parameters were calculated for the studied traits and coefficients of phenotypic variation were also determined as a measure of genetic diversity. The results of this study showed significant genetic variation within and between species. The results of ANOVA showed that the populations had significant differences in some of the studied traits (P<0.01), indicating high genetic variation among the populations. The highest coefficient of variance was observed for the number of lateral branches, number of umbels per plant, number of umbels per the main stem, the diameter of umbels per the main stem, leaves needle size, leaf width, main stem diameter, and lateral branches diameter, indicating high variability in the traits studied. Correlation coefficients between traits were different in the studied species and related to their genomic structure. In the principal component analysis, the first nine components explained 79.98% of the total variation in the evaluated traits. Based on cluster analysis, 80 populations were divided into four groups. The dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis revealed that morphological traits studied could differentiate some species from each other. Overall, the results of this research showed that there was a high level of genetic diversity in different species of Prangos spp.

Medlar (Mespilus germanicaL) grows wildly in East Azerbaijan province (Arasbaran). Unfortunately, a few studies have been done on medlar in this area, except in limited cases. In this research, physicochemical characterizations such as weight, length and width of fruit and seed, fruit color parameters and antioxidant capacity of peel and flesh of 20 wild medlar genotypes were measured. Results showed that there were high diversity in some of the attributes such as peduncle length, a*, Hue, seed weight and flesh antioxidant capacity. The 10 main factors based on factor analysis were explained approximately 85.97 % of the total variance. According to the cluster analysis, genotypes were divided into four main groups. The first group includes four genotypes (M7, M8, M5, M6) which had the highest mean length, width, thickness and weight of the seeds. In the second group, the eight genotypes (M3, M9, M10, M11, M2, M4, M1, M13) were located and these genotypes had the highest mean length, width, weight and geometric mean diameter of fruit. The third group of genotypes included two genotypes (M19, M20). The leaf length, petiole length, peduncle length, pH, and Hue had a significant role in the separation of this group. In fourth group, the six genotypes (M14, M15, M16, M12, M17, M18) were located and the peel and flesh antioxidant capacity had the highest impact in separation of this group. Obtained results might be helpful for breeding programs and introducing of cultivar in medlar.

This study was performed for evaluation and comparison of 20 hawthorn genotypes from four different species, to introduce superior genotypes in terms of pomology in West Azerbaijan Province. The different treats such as weight, length and width of fruit, peduncle length, length and width of leaf, petiole length, weight, length and width of seed, fruit firmness and fruit color parameters were measured. The largest fruit was observed in Crataegus azarolus species whereas, the smallest fruit was observed in C. monogyna and C. aplosangouainea species. Leaf length and Leaf width had significant correlation with fruit weight, fruit size, seed length and seed width. The five main factors based on factor analysis were explained approximately 89.11 percent of the total variance. According to cluster analysis based on Ward's method, genotypes were divided into three main groups. Genotypes related to C.azarolus var azarolus and several genotypes related to C. aplosangouainea located in group A which had the highest fruit firmness and seed number. In the second group, the genotypes belonging to C. azarolus were located and these genotypes had the highest fruit length, fruit width and fruit weight. In the third group, the genotypes belonging to C. monogyna and several genotypes related to C. aplosangouainea were located and the fruit density, leaf length and a* color index had a significant role in the separation of this group. Results showed that grouping followed species distribution pattern of genotypes. Results obtained might be helpful for breeding programs and introducing of cultivar in hawthorn.

The evaluation of wild grapes for breeding programs and introducing cultivars for special climatic conditions is very important. The aim of this study was to better understand the characteristics of wild grape genotypes in order to use in breeding programs. Twenty genotypes were collected in Sardasht and Piranshhar regions of the West Azerbaijan province and various attributes such as bunch, bunchlet, berry, seed and total antioxidant were measured. There is high variation in some traits, including length and width of bunch, bunch weight, length of peduncle and number of bunchlet. The flesh, peel and seed antioxidant capacity of the studied genotypes ranged from 15.53 to 71.53, 7.36 to 84.96 and 8.71 to 64 %, respectively. The bunch traits, including length and width of bunch significantly correlated with fruit traits such as length and width of berry, weight and size of the fruit. The eleven main factors were explained approximately 79.97% of the total variance. According to cluster analysis, genotypes were divided into three main groups. Genotypes in the first group had the highest flesh weight, skin thickness, TA, pH of juice, Hue and chroma values. The berry length and width, length of peduncle, number of seed, L* and a* had a significant role in separation of the second group. Genotypes in third group had a higher average number of bunchlet and length of bunchlet. The results obtained might be useful for breeding programs and introducing of new grape varieties.

In order to Grouping of spring wheat recombinant inbred lines in term of some agronomic traits, an experiment was conducted by using a 148 recombinant inbred lines resulted of cross between two parent, Yecora Rojo & No. 49 at two places of Mahabad and Miandoab in alpha lattice design with two replications on normal and water deficit condition during two cropping season (2013-15). According to the combined analysis of variance, significant differences existed between the two moisture conditions for all traits and drought reduced the amount of 35.11% of grain yield in genotypes. The genotypes had significant difference for all traits and genotypes× environment interaction was significant only on biomass, so it became possible to compare lines in the average environmental conditions. In factor analysis based on principle component analysis, four factors were recognized that explained 75.04 percent of total variation of data. According to the dendrogram of cluster analysis, genotypes were divided into 4 groups that the first group, devoted the highest grain yield and yield component. Finally genotypes 7, 15, 17, 21, 27, 30, 34, 36, 37, 40, 56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 66, 67, 69, 76, 81, 89, 90, 91, 97 , 99, 109, 117, 118, 121, 125, 136 and No. 49 due to high yield and exposure to high-yield and its components cluster were identified a suitable genotypes.

To study the genetic variation in baking quality related characteristics of 30 wheat bread recombinant inbred lines, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete blocks with two replications. following traits were measured on each plot: Physical traits of grain (1000-grain weight, hectoliter weight), Chemical traits of grain (humidity (%), dry matter (%), protein content (%), gluten index, wet and dry gluten (%), ash (%) and fat content (%)) and bakihg quality traits of dough by farinograph method including; water absorption (%), mixing dough, dough development time, degree of softening (after 10 and 20 min), resistance to extension and dough stability. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits. Factor analysis resulted in six factors that determined 79.14% of the total variation. The first factor defined 25.76% of variation including farinogram triats. The second factor explained 15.81% of variation including; qualitative traits. Third factor explained 12.29% of variation included; 1000-grain weight, mixing dough and dry. The fifth factor along with the sixth factor accounted for 15.52% of total variation. In this study, the purpose of using GGE biplot method on the obtained data, was investigate the relationship between different traits and determining the relative importance of traits associated with quality and yield. According to results from GT biplot, traits of dough development time, dry matter (%), resistance to extension, dough stability, gluten index, water absorption (%) and hectoliter weight can be introduced as the best and most important traits related to quality and yield, as well as the appropriate indicators in the selection of genotypes of of bread wheat. Among bread wheat recombinant inbred lines and based on all evaluation factors, line 16 was the closest line to the ideal genotype. These findings would be employed in bread wheat breeding program to improve the baking quality characteristics in breeding materials.

Blackberry diversity is high in Iran due to its wild and natural populations especially in south of Caspian Sea. However it has not been investigated before. The goal of this work was to evaluate some wild populations of black berry in Mazandaran province of Iran. At first, region and then location of blackberries plants identified and the traits of leaf, stem, spin, flower, fruit quantity and quality evaluated based on blackberry descriptor via three replications. Results showed that, there was negative significant correlation between the symptoms of pest and diseases with spin number and direction, cross section of stem and terminal leaflet type. Based on the results, four main factor included spin, fruit quantity, plant growth habit and flowering traits explained more than 95% of observed variance. Spin related traits including spin size and direction, hairiness of shoot, stem cross section and fruit and flower size, explained 50% of total variance. Results of cluster analysis divided genotypes into two groups with 100% difference. The Qaemshahr genotypes distanced from each other and located in separated groups whereas belonged to one region. This indicated the variation in genotypes that is used by blackberry local harvesters. In the second group the genotypes separated from each other based on their geographical origin.

In order to understand the internal traits relationships and to determine the main factors in Soybean genotypes characteristics and to study the direct and indirect effects between grain yield and its components، a field experiment was preformed with 15 soybean genotypes using a split plot in randomized complete block design with three replication in 2006 at seed and plant improvement institute، Karaj. Three levels of irrigation 50 (normal condition)، 100 (mild stress) and 150 (severe stress) mm evaporation from evaporation pan were considered as the main plot and commercial and promising varieties were used as the sub plot. The traits including phenology، morphology، yield، yield component، oil and protein contents، were measured. Correlation analysis and factor analysis in three irrigation condition showed that biomass، number of pods in plant، number of seed in plant and number of pods in nodes traits had highest positive and significant correlation with grain yield. Path analysis showed that the biomass، number of pods in plant، number of seed in plant and weight of 100 seed had highest direct effects on grain yield. Therefore these traits could be considered for grain yield improvement in soybean.

To study the yield and agronomic traits in canola variety under drought stress condition، an experiment was conducted base randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in researching farm of Karaj branch، Islamic Azad University in agriculture year 2010-2011. Investigated traits including kernel yield، days to physiological maturity، days to fifty percent flowering، pod number in main stem، plant height، biological yield، pod length، kernel number in pod، thousand kernel weight، leaf length، leaf width، pod weight and lateral branch. The variance analysis of the studied traits showed that for all traits among studied cultivars there is a significant difference. The most amount of seed yield was for Sarigol and after that SLMO46 and Golden 13 cultivars had more excellence. Also the results of stepwise regression showed that biologically yield، pod weight and the number of pods in main stem had more effect on the yield. In factor analysis، five firs factors justified more than 77 percent of data variance. In firs factor leaf length and leaf width، in second factor biologic yield and seed yield، in third factor the number of days to 50 percent of flowering and the number of day to physiological maturity، and in forth factor number of lateral branch trait and in fifth factor the number of seeds per pod had the most effect.

Evaluation of morphological variations in 70 genotypes of seven accessions of Thymus caramanicus Jalas.Growing in central Iran was carried out, for determining valuable characters for future breeding programs and medicinal purposes. In this study 30 quantitative and qualitative characters were evaluated. The results revealed great variabilities of important traits among populations. Results of simple correlation analysis showed the existence of significant, positive and negative correlations among some important characters. Factor analysis was also used for defining of the determinant factors and the characters constituted in each factor. Factor analysis showed that flowering stem length, second internode length, leaf length, leaf width, number of flowers per inflorescence, inflorescence length, number of bracts, calyx length and corolla length constituted the main factors. Principal component analysis explained over 84 percent of the variation related to main effective characters. Populations of T. caramanicus separated into two groups by cluster analysis using Ward method. Populations which were collected from Kerman and Esfahan provinces placed in a same group and populations from Semnan province were placed in an independent group. The most similar populations were Rabor and Kashan. The Rabor population characterized by having valuable traits such as largest flowering stem, longest second internode and largest leaf, can be introduced for breeding and medicinal purposes.

For a comparison and grouping of 72 almond cultivars and genotypes, 30 traits including; 12 phenological and vegetative characters plus 18 traits related to nut and kernel were assessed, according to almond universal descriptor. The results revealed that some such traits as growth habit, flower color, nut weight, shell hardness and kernel taste carried high coefficients of variation. Simple correlation coefficients between traits indicated the existance of significant (positive, or negative) correlations among some evaluated important vegetative, nut and kernel traits. Cluster analysis at Euclidean distance of 25, divided the cultivars and genotypes into two main branches and characteristics as nut length, weight, width and color of kernel were effective in the division of cultivars and genotypes. With a decrease in the Euclidean distance from 25 to 10, the cultivars and genotypes were divided into six main subclusters while such traits such as tree growth, shell thickness and hardness, length to width ratio of nut, kernel weight to nut weight ratio as well as kernel taste were important factors in the segregation of main clusters. The factor analysis reduced the assessed traits into 11 main factors justifing 75.07 percent of total variation. Based on the obtained results, cultivars and genotypes of: ‘Dir Ras–e-Savojbolagh’, ‘D-124’, ‘D-99’, ‘Shahrood 12’, ‘Tuono’, ‘Nonpareil’, ‘Price’, ‘Mirpanj-e-Tehran’, ‘Pakotahe-e- Taleghan’, ‘Nu. 13-34’, ‘Nu. 16-8, ‘Nu. 11-10’, ‘Zarghan 10’, ‘Uromiyeh 68’, ‘Barg dorosht-e-Hamedan’ and ‘Yazd 60’ as regards some of such important traits, as late flowering habit, nut and kernel features, were more prominent than those in the other cultivars and genotypes.

This investigation was carried out on six populations of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. in Isfahan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2009. Karyotype of mitotic cells in metaphase of root apical meristem was studied. The base number of chromosomes for all populations was x = 17 and all populations were diploid. Based on Stebbin's two- way table, all populations were located in class 2B indicating the same evolutionary status. Analysis of variance showed significant differences for the length of the smallest chromosome, asymmetric index, and coefficient variation of centromic index (p < 0.01), total chromosome length, sum of small arms, sum of long arms and the largest length of chromosome (p < 0.05). Factor analysis introduced two factors that justified more than 94 percent of total variation. In the first factor, total chromosome length (TL) and sum of long arms (SLa) were identified as the most important factors while asymmetric index (AI) and coefficient variation of centromic index (CVci) in the second factor were highly effective. All populations were classified in four groups by cluster analysis. The least Euclidean distance was between Ahvaz and Sary populations and the highest Euclidean distance was observed between Ahvaz and Amol. Analysis of variance showed significant differences for all traits among groups. Populations of Ahavaz, Sary and Esfahan in the first group were superiour in terms of TL, SSa, SLa, LC and SC compared to other goups. Population of Amol in the second group showed the lowest SC, Cvci, and AI. Maximum CVci and AI were observed in population of Kordestan while TL, SSa, SLa and LC were the least in this population. Population distribution diagram was drawn based on the first and the second component values that would confirm the results of the cluster analysis.