جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "سوخ" در نشریات گروه "باغبانی"

To investigate the effect of different culture media on seed germination and the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Hippeastrum hybridum seedlings, 9 different culture media including: 1) 100% sand, 2) 100% fine perlite, 3) 50% sand + 50% fine perlite, 4) 50% sand + 50% cocopeat 5) 50% perlite + 50% cocopeat, 6) 33% sand + 33% cocopeat + 33% perlite, 7) 50% peat + 50% perlite, 8) 33% peat + 33% cocopeat + 33% perlite, 9) 50% peat + 50% sand. Then, 90 seeds of almost the same size were planted in three replicates and 30 seeds in each bed at the same time. The results showed that the highest germination rate from treatment 9 (50% peat moss + 50% sand) with 11.8 seeds per day, the best germination period related to treatment 8 (33% peat + 33% cocopit + 33% perlite) On 8.2 days, the maximum diameter and weight of bulb from treatment 2 (100% perlite) were obtained with an average of 0.62 cm and 0.27 gr, respectively. The maximum leaf width was obtained from treatments 2 (100% perlite) and 3 (50% sand + 50% perlite) with an average of 0.57 cm. The maximum root length was obtained from treatment 6 (33% sand + 33% cocopeat + 33% perlite) with an average of 4.66 cm.

Tulipa is one of the most important bulbous plants in the world which is highly distributed in many parts of our country. This research was conducted to explain the correlation of canonical functions between morphological and phytochemical traits of two species of wild tulips: Tulipa montana var. montana (with red flower) and T. montana var. chrysantha (with yellow flower) collected from the altitudes of Qeydar city of Zanjan province. Measured phytochemical traits were phenol, flavonoids and antioxidants of flowers and bulbs and chlorophyll a in both varieties of tulip, morphological traits such as petal length, bulb diameter, fresh weight of plants, plant height and the height of rhizome. Data analysis was performed to determine the correlation relationship and Wilks' Lambda, Pillai's Trace, Hotelling-Lawley Trace and Roy's Greatest Root tests were used to define the relationships between variables. The results of this study showed that three functions were only fitted between four canonical functions and the highest special value was 224 and it belonged to Roy's Greatest Root. Three first canonical variables of morphological traits fit 91% of the canonical correlation between variables which this rate of correlation is higher than phytochemical traits. The highest percentage of fitness (0.76%) in morphological traits was belonged to the first canonical function; which shows the first canonical function fit the canonical correlation relationships in morphological traits better than others. Also, comparison of two types of traits in red and yellow tulips showed that morphological traits can establish a significant relationship with the canonical correlation better than phytochemical traits. Analysis of canonical correlation equations displayed that the amount of phenol in bulb and petal flavonoid decreased with a coefficient by reduction in petal length. Also, the amount of phenol in petal, flavonoid in bulb and antioxidant in petal enhanced by reduction of petal length. Phenol in tulip bulbs and antioxidant amount of petal showed a direct correlation with tulip bulb diameter. Also, reduction in tulip height reduced the amount of petal and bulb’s phenol, bulb flavonoid and petal’s antioxidants, while the content of petal flavonoids increased significantly. Based on the result of this study, researcher will select the best plant according to their ultimate goal of producing or collecting wild tulips, considering the relationship between morphological and phytochemical traits.

Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis L.) is one of the most popular ornamental bulbous plants in Iran and the world. Hyacinth bulbs are propagated by daughter bulbs. Storage conditions after harvest of daughter bulbs are important on next growth quality and development rate of them to become as a mother's bulbs. The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the effect of temperature, storage period and also size of daughter bulbs on growth of first generation of daughter bulbs after cultivation in three separate experiments. Results indicated that the highest fresh weight of bulblet (3.70 g) obtained in 3 cm bulblets with 8 weeks storage period at 4°C. Also, in storage at 10°C, the highest fresh weight of bulblet (4.50 g) was observed by interaction between 10 weeks storage period and 3 cm bulblets. The highest fresh weight of bulblet (3.24 g) was obtained in 3 cm bulblets with 10 weeks storage period at 20°C. Finally, results of this study indicated that storage period of the first generation of daughter bulbs can be decreased by reducing the storage temperature.

Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis L.) is one of the most popular ornamental bulbous plants in Iran and the world. The commercial propagation of hyacinth is done with vegetative methods and using bulbs. Due to the low ability of hyacinth to produce bulblets, the growth rate of this plant is low. For this reason, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate the possibility of improving the propagation rate of hyacinth. The experiment was performed as factorial in a compactly randomized design with two factors including Inducing method of bulblet formation (scooping and scoring) and plant growth regulators (50 and 100 mg L-1 IBA, GA, or Kin). Distilled water, ethanol and sodium hydroxide were used as control. The results showed that the highest number of bulblets per bulb (14.29) was obtained in the scooping treatment. However, the highest bulblet diameter (2.05 cm), the highest bulblet height (2.75 cm) and the maximum bulblet weight (4.95 g) were obtained in the scoring treatment. As well as, the use of plant growth regulators led to a significant increase in bulb diameter, height and weight, number of roots and root weight. On the other hand, the use of plant growth regulators significantly reduced the number of bulbs produced per bulb.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of biological fertilizer (BF) and biochar (BC) application on flowering and morphophysiological charachteristics of Narcissus. A factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design was conducted in12 treatments with three replications. The BC was applied by mixing dry soil at three levels (0, 2 and 4%w/w), whereas the BF was used at four levels (0, 20and 40 g Kg-1  mycorrhizal fungi(MF) and Nitrozist biofertilizer). The MF was used in direct contact with the underside of bulbs and bulbs were dipped in Nitrozist biofertilizer solution for 5 minutes. According to the results the highest fresh weight of flower, number of flowers, flower diameter, flowering stem diameter, height, leaf fresh weight, chlorophyll a, b and total leaf and potassium uptake were obtained in the combined treatment of 2%biochar by 40 g Kg-1 MF. Generally, in the most of studied traits, alone use of BF and BC improved the growth and flowering characteristics of plant compared to the control. However, the best results were obtained in the combined treatment of 2%BC and 40 g Kg-1 of MF, while by increasing the levels of BC and BF in combination with 4%BC and BF the desiered results were not obtained.

Azolla grows well in wetlands and reservoirs in northern Iran. This plant can be used as a source of compost and as an organic fertilizer. In this study, azolla compost (AZC) and humic acid (HA) were used in the production of daffodil. The experiment was carried out with factorial arrangement based on the completely randomized design. The first factor was AZC (25%, 50%, 75% and 100 %v/v) and the second factor was humic acid (0, 250 and 500 mg L-1). Results showed that the longest flowering stem with 24.03% increase compared to control, was recorded at 25% AZC + 500 mg L-1 HA. Treatments 100% AZC + 250 and 500 mg L-1 HA, produced the highest flowering stem diameter. Maximum anthocyanin content obtained in compost 100% + 250 mg L-1 humic acid. In compost 25% + 500 mg L-1 humic acid, the amount of nitrogen and calcium was at the maximum. In compost 75% + 500 mg L-1 humic acid, the concentration of phosphorus and potassium increased compared to the control. The results of the present study showed that the use of azolla compost and humic acid is effective in improving the quantitative and qualitative traits of daffodil.

Water stress limits crop production throughout the world and contrary to other limiting factors (acidity, sodicity and salinity). It is highly variable within growing season and from year to year. Plants response to water deficit at morphological, anatomical and cellular levels by modifications allowing them to avoid stress or increase tolerance. When supply of water is limited, crop management practices that improve water stress resistance can benefit plant growth and improve water use efficiency.  Onion seed production has high requirements in inorganic fertilizers. The applied amount depends on the type and fertility status of the soil. The use of inorganic fertilizers is common in onion production. Onion is responsive to nitrogen fertilizer. The bulb refers to a fleshy structure serving as storage organ, and containing simple and sugars, sulfur, protein and nitrogen compound containing flavor precedents as well as a significant amount of water in the swollen cells producing the bulk of the bulb scales. In order to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation, nitrogen levels and bulb size on seed yield and reproduction traits of onion (Allium cepa var. Ghooli gheseh), was conducted in Zanjan areas. In order to study the effects of nitrogen levels, bulb size and water tension at various growth stages on onion seed yield (Allium cepa var. Ghooli gheseh), an experiment was conducted in Zanjan University in 2014. The experiment was strip split plot with a randomized complete block design with three replications. Water tension was applied at the beginning of flowering, end of flowering, as well as the milking stage of seed by avoiding irrigation at those stages. The obtained seed yield was compared with that of control or treatment with normal irrigation (no water tension). The irrigation treatments including control were located on horizontal plots and vertical plots allocated to nitrogen levels (0, 75, 150 and 300 kg N ha-1) and bulb sizes (5-7 and 7-9 cm diameter). Traits such as days to inflorescence emergence, days to flowering, number of inflorescence per plant and seed yield were measured. All data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS 9.3 software. When F test indicated statistical significance at P< 0.01 or P < 0.05, the least significant difference (LSD) was used to calculate the means. The effect of water tension on seed yield and days to seed ripening were significant at 1% probability level. Water tension at milking stage of seed, end of flowering and beginning of flowering reduced seed yield in comparison with the control and yield decreased by 10.5, 12 and 39.5%, respectively. The highest seed yield (659.4 kg ha-1) was obtained in the control. Although the main effect of nitrogen was not significant, application of 150 kg N/ha increased inflorescence diameter, percentage of fertile florets and seed yield about 5.6, 4.9 and 20%, respectively in comparison with the control (N0). Application of nitrogen up to 150 kg ha-1 significantly increased days to seed ripening. Days to inflorescence emergence, days to flowering, number of inflorescence per plant and seed yield were affected significantly by bulb size. In onions, many factors such as bulb weight, cultivars, spacing, date of planting, climate, soil, besides fertilizer application seem to affect seed yield and quality. Moreover, according to Mishra, (1994), applying nitrogen has been revealed to enhance the number of umbels per plant in onion. Based on Islam et al. (1998), the larger sets associated with the closest spacing resulted in the highest bulb yield. Smaller set with zero nitrogen level led to the maximum number of single bulbs. The closest spacing with 120 N/ha resulted in the highest bulb yield, as well. The highest bulb yield from the combination of larger sets and closest spacing was equal to 120 kg N/ha. Smaller sets and the closest spacing zero N level yielded the highest number of single bulbs. For onion seed production in climatic conditions similar to those in Zanjan areas, application of normal irrigation, bulb diameter of 7-9 cm and 150 kg N ha-1 are recommended.

Narcissus species (Amaryllidaceae) are highly suitable outdoor ornamental plants and also as cut flower. Narcissus is used in folk medicine and is a medicinal plant, because of galanthamine properties. South area of Iran such as Khouzestan province, is one of the most important areas of producing cut flower of narcissus in winter season. In this research, the effects of planting distance (10, 15 and 20 cm) and depth of culture (10 and 15 cm) of narcissus bulbs on some quantitative characteristics of cut flower in climatic conditions of Mollasani (Khouzestan province, southwest of Iran) were studied. Two-factor experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with four replications. Results showed that it was significant difference among the number of cut flower in different planting distance. The most number of cut flower were obtained in planting distance of 15 cm and depth culture of 10 cm, that only it were not significantly differed with number of cut flower which were produced from planting distance of 10 cm and depth culture of 10 cm. The most height of cut flower were obtained in distance of 15 cm and depth culture of 15 cm that only were significan8:38:52 AMly differed with the height of cut flower in distance of 20 cm and depth culture of 10 cm. The most stem diameter in treatment of 15 cm depth culture and 10 cm planting distance were existed which only they were significantly differed with stem diameter in the treatment of 10 cm depth culture and 20 cm planting distance. Only in the treatment of planting distance of 20 cm and depth culture of 10 cm, the diameter of florets were significantly more than the treatment of planting distance of 20 cm and depth culture of 15 cm. The treatments of depth and planting distance were affected on the flowering time. The treatments of depth and planting distance or their interaction did not significantly affect on the number of floret, open floret at the time of harvesting and floret diameter. The results showed that in climatic condition of Mollasani, planting of narcissus bulb in depth of 10 cm and planting distance of 10 cm were optimum.