جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "کود بیولوژیک" در نشریات گروه "باغبانی"

To investigate the effects of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizers, and gibberellic acid (GA3) on yield and its components, and essential oil of Salvia officinalis L., a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Ghara Chay region, Markazi province, Iran. Experimental treatments included triple super phosphate at three levels (100, 70, and 30 % of the recommended amount), phosphorus bio-fertilizer of Barvar-2 at two levels (application and no application), and GA3 at three levels (0, 100, and 200 ppm). The results showed that Barvar-2, GA3, and triple super phosphate affected yield and its components, and essential oil significantly. The Barvar-2 application increased the yield and essential oil percentage by 7.7 and 18.2% compared to the control, respectively. It also resulted in a slight increase of the major essential oil compounds. Also, the GA3 200 ppm application increased the percentage and essential oil yield by 23.5 and 40.5% compared to the control, respectively. The highest biological yield and essential oil yield were obtained 3751 and 15.52 kg.ha-1, respectivley with the simultaneous application of 100% of the recommended triple super phosphate, Barvar-2, and GA3 200 ppm. The highest α-thujone percentage (27.91%) as the most important essential oil compound was obtained with the simultaneous application of 100% of the recommended triple super phosphate, Barvar-2, and GA3 100 ppm. The combined application of GA3 and Barvar-2 reduced the use of phosphorus chemical fertilizer to achieve better vegetative characteristics, and high yield and essential oil percentage, so that in many traits the simultaneous application of 70% of the recommended triple super phosphate, Barvar-2, and GA3 did not differ significantly from the 100% of the recommended triple super phosphate application. Therefore, with the combined use of GA3 200 ppm and Barvar-2, the amount of phosphorus fertilizer consumption could be reduced by 30% without causing a significant reduction in yield and essential oil of S. officinalis.

In order to investigate the effect of plant growth promoting rhizo-bacteria (PGPRs) and humic acid on some morphological and physiological characteristics of marshmallow (Altheae officinalis L.) a pot experiment was carried out under greenhouse condition at Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, in 2017. The experiment was conducted using a complete randomized blocks design based on factorial arrangement with three replications. First factor was seed inoculation with strains of Pseudomonas fluorescence bacteria at four levels (non- inoculation, inoculation with strains 51, 79 and 163) and second factor was humic acid at four levels (0, 150, 300 and 450 mg/kg soil). Results showed that Pseudomonas fluorescence strains and humic acid had significant effects on morphological and physiological measured traits. The most effects of inoculation created by strain 163 of Pseudomonas fluorescenss bacteria and it increased leaf dry weight, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll index, carotenoids and protoin leaf compare to control. The result also showed that increasing of humic acid concentration up to 150 mg/kg of soil increased, leaf area, leaf chlorophylls index, chlorophyll fluorescence index and protein leaf compare to control. Combination use of Pseudomonas fluorescenss bacteria (strain 163) and humic acid (150 mg/kg soil) had the most effect on increasing of leaf fresh weight, leaf area, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and phosphor leaf compare to control. Due to these results, application of biological fertilizers containing Pseudomonas fluorescence and humic acid can improve morphological and physiological characteristics of marshmallow.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a common vegetable that is widely cultivated and consumed worldwide in the Solanaceae family (global tomato production is estimated at approximately 182 million tons in 2017). Tomato, because of its elevated nutritional value, is the second most common vegetable commodity in the world after potatoes. As with other crops, the global production of tomatoes is threatened by certain biological stresses (such as pests, plant diseases and weeds) and non-biological stresses (such as salinity, drought, floods, cold and heat stress). Nowadays, the excessive use of chemical fertilizers in tomato production in order to increase yields, has resulted in environmental pollution and dangers on the health of consumers. The reaction of cultivated plants to these challenges is indicated by numerous morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes, leading to a direct and indirect decrease in plant growth and productivity. Salinity as a non-biological stress can cause osmotic or ionic imbalance in plant cells. Salinity stress also limits growth and germination by affecting water and reducing water availability and affects crop production. Endophytes represent an eco-friendly option for the promotion of plant growth and for serving as sustainable resources of novel bioactive natural products. One of the alternative ways to restore normal plant growth under salinity stress may be to use plant growth to stimulate endophytes. Endophytes can play an important role in plant survival under salinity stress by reducing the adverse effects of sodium ion. Therefore, this work provides strong evidence that endophyte halophyte can be beneficial for tomato that help tolerate the plants stress. The main aim of this study was to investigate the role of endophytic bacteria (Exigubacterium aurantiacum), isolated from Salsola imbricate, in improving the growth of Solanum lycopersicum L. (8320) under salinity stress. The salinity tolerance potential of bacterial endophytes was investigated in vitro. The bacterial was cultured in Nutrient Agar with different concentrations of NaCl (1, 2 and 3 M) and its growth dynamics were investigated after 24 and 120 hours. To prepare the bacterial suspension for inoculation with tomato seeds, the bacteria were cultured on NB (Nutrient Broth) medium for 24 hours in an incubator at 28±1 °C at 130 rpm. The OD suspension was adjusted to a concentration of 1×108 ml. Tomato seeds (cultivar 8320) were washed with ethanol (70%) for 30 seconds and then sterilized with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 90 minutes and then completely distilled three times with distilled water. They were autoclaved and washed. For better contact of seeds with bacteria, 1% carboxymethylcellulose was used and then the seeds inoculated with bacterial treatments were placed on a shaker for six hours. Seeds inoculated with bacterial endophytes were planted in seedlings and then placed in pots containing autoclaved soil in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hormoz University. The experiment was arranged in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments included five levels of salinity stress (0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 dS/m-1) and bacterial endophyte inoculation (E. aurantiacum). Analysis of variance of traits was performed using SAS software version 9.4 and the means were compared using LSD method with a probability level of p < /em> Analysis of variance showed that among treatments there is significant difference on growth parameters of tomato seedling (p < /em>  0.01), this indicate the positive impact of the bacterial endophyte on the growth parameters of tomato seedling is inoculated with the bacterial than the control plants. In this experiment, stem height, dry weight of stem, leaf and root, percentage of electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, proline and carbohydrate content were examined. The results of mean comparison showed that salinity stress significantly reduced stem height, stem dry weight, leaves and roots, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and increased electrolyte leakage; however, bacterial endophyte reduced the negative effects of salinity stress on tomatoes. Tomato seedling treated with endophytic bacteria showed higher levels of key osmolytes, total soluble carbohydrates and free proline compared to untreated plants under salinity stress. The results also showed that the use of endophytic bacteria increased the growth of tomatoes in saline soil and water, thereby it can be used as an effective tool for growing salinity-sensitive plants such as tomatoes in saline conditions.

In order to examine the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers with the use of salicylic acid on the agronomic characteristics of corn as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station in 2011 was Boroujerd. Factors examined included three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 100 and 150 kg ha), two levels of biological fertilizer (mycorrhizal fungi) (seed inoculation and seed inoculation) and two levels of salicylic acid (0/5 and 1 mM), respectively. The results showed that phosphorus fertilizer and mycorrhizal significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, grain yield and biological yield, respectively, with the application of 150 kg P ha grain yield of 9006 kg was found that 48% More the treatment of non-usage. In the case of seed inoculation with mycorrhiza on the amount of 8412 kg per hectare, respectively, which was 24% higher than the treatment of non-inoculated seeds. Salicylic acid has a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, grain yield and biological yield and harvest index. The application of 1 mM salicylic acid yield of 8316 kg per hectare, respectively, which was 24% higher than the treatment of non-use. Phosphorus and mycorrhiza interaction on grain yield and biological yield was significant. Salicylic acid and phosphorus interaction and effect on yield only three treatments was significant.

Biological fertilizers can be used as alternative for or supplementary to mineral fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. To assess the effects of organic and biological fertilizers on growth and morphological characteristics of Melissa officinalis L., a factorial experiment with 15 treatments was performed in Shahriar, Karaj, Iran, during 2012-2013 in a randomized complete block design and three replications. The factors examined were different levels of cow manure (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 ton/ha) and inoculation with nitroxin (without inoculation, plant inoculation and soil and plant inoculation). The results showed that application of cow manure significantly increased plant height, number of leaves and lateral branches per plant, fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, leaf surface area, leaf chlorophyll index and essential oil yield and concentration. The highest values of traits measured, except root fresh and dry weights, were obtained from the application of 20 ton/ha of cow manure and the lowest were observed in control. Our results clearly showed that inoculation with nitroxin could significantly increase the value of traits measured for Lemon balm compared to control, and inoculation of plant soil was the superior treatment.

Stevia)Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaves are strong natural sweeteners، with no calories، which can be used as a substitute for sugar in food and beverage industries. When the day length is less than 13 hours، stevia goes to flowering stage and the content of sweetening substances decreases. In low temperatures، this plant goes to dormancy phase. It would be possible to produce stevia leaves all year round in the greenhouse by adjusting the photoperiod and temperature. This study was conducted as a factorial experiment، based on completely randomized design with two factors. Treatments were 3 photoperiods (short winter days، interrupting nights for 1. 5 hours at midnight، and long days) and 3 levels of vermicompost (0، 10 and 20% v/v) as substrate. According to the results، flowering was observed only in the control plants kept in winter short days. The highest leaf yield was produced in 20% vermicompost treatment with interrupting nights. In the same treatment، the amount of chlorophyll a، total chlorophyll and carotenoid content was increased، while chlorophyll b content was decreased. Therefore، in this experiment، by increasing the day length or interrupting the nights، stevia plants were kept in the growing phase، and adding vermicompost at 20% level to the growth medium improved plant growth and increased the leaf yield.

This research has been done for assessment of Biological Azoto bacteria and Urea fertilizer’s effect on sped fid foragal SorGom’s quality and quantity function. Research was done family in research farm of Varamin Agriculture faculty by split plat examines in time with 3times repetitions. This test’s factors included Nitrogen fertilizer in the form of Urea in range of 255,075,100 kg in hectare and Biological Azoto bacteria fertilizer in range of functional and unfunctional levels. Results showed that Azoto bacteria had significant effect on stem’s height, dry weight and Nitrogen rat (P

In order to study the inoculation Bradyrhizobium japoicum, Azospirillum and Azotobacter bacteria on soybean considering as the biological fertilizer that can play an important role in meeting the plant nutritional requirements (Particularly nitrogen), and the design was conducted in the Field conditions and bacterial interactions were studied. For each microorganism two levels (inoculation and non – inoculation) were considered. The seeds were Iniculated by microorganisms upon cultivation. The trials implementted as factorial experiment in the form of randomized complete block desing with 4 replication. The result showed that Azotobacter. and Bradyrhizobium inoculation, individually, were significantly increased the plant height, number of node in the plant, number of pods, number of seeds, yield of the seeds and Azospirillum individually could not bring significant increasing. Double or triple intractions also indicated that these bacteria have synergistic relations and they could improve most of the traits and the maximum productivity came in to the scene when these three bacteria were applied all to gether.