جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "biochemical traits" در نشریات گروه "باغبانی"

Sweet violet (Viola odorata L.) is a perennial and aromatic plant from the Violaceae family that grows in the northern regions of Iran. This research was conducted in order to investigate the biochemical diversity of 10 selected populations of the sweet violet plant in Mazandaran province in 2023 in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications. The habitats included Elimalat, Lavij, Abpari, Noor Forest Park, Sisangan, Namak Abroud, Kalarabad, Imamzadeh Abdullah, Larijan and Khesht Sar. Ten samples were collected from each habitat and traits related to vegetative characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, and phytochemical compounds of leaves of each population were evaluated. To categorize populations, cluster analysis (cluster) was performed by Ward's method using SAS statistical software version 9/4. The results showed significant differences in all the morpho-physiological traits across different habitats, so the highest  height and number of leaves were observed in Elimalat, Lavij, and Kheshtsar habitats, the highest diameter of the main and secondary stems, fresh weight and plant dryness, leaf width and surface area, and petiole diameter were reported in Kalarabad and Namak Abroud habitats and then in Kheshtsar. The most photosynthetic pigments of the leaves were evaluated in the habitats of the west Mazandaran (Klarabad and Namak Abroud) and the highest amounts of phytochemical compounds were found in the Larijan habitat which is located at a higher altitude above sea level (4115 m). The cluster analysis of different habitats based on the measured morphological traits and climatic characteristics divided the populations of violet into three separate groups. In general, we can conclude that geographical differences are one of the most important parameters affecting the growth and quality of native plants. Most of the morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments of violet leaves, and secondary metabolites such as total phenol and flavonoids in the studied populations exhibit significant differences. Some of this diversity is attributed to genetic characteristics, while another part is influenced by climatic conditions.

 Tomato, scientifically known as Solanum lycopersicum L., belongs to the Solanaceae family and is susceptible to various diseases, resulting in reduced yield. Among the diseases, the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), which belongs to the Tospovirus genus and Bunyaviridae family, causes significant damage to tomato crops and other greenhouse plants. Therefore, it is crucial to find ways to increase plant resistance and control viral infections. One effective method is through proper plant nutrition, which can enhance plant resistance by balancing fertilizer consumption and nutrient supply. Iron (Fe) is an essential element for plants and plays a significant role in increasing their tolerance to various stresses. In Order to evaluate the interaction effects of Tomato spotted wilt virus and Fe on some biochemical traits of Mobil and RioGrand tomato cultivars, a study was conducted in Birjand Faculty of Agriculture.

 Experiment in a Random complete design with greenhouse conditions, with 3 replications and 4 treatments Done. Experimental factors include cultivar with two levels (Mobil cultivar and Rio Grand cultivar) and Fe foliar application in the presence of virus with these three (zero, 1.5 and three milliliter of Fe fertilizer per liter of water). First, two varieties of RioGrand and Mobil tomato seeds were prepared and planted in seedlings. Then, in the two-leaf stage, they were transferred to pots filled with sterile soil and kept in greenhouse conditions. After seedling establishment, the first foliar application of Fe fertilizer was done and in the five to seven leaf stage, the virus was inoculated on all leaves. Then, the second stage of fertilizer was applied 10 days after the first fertilizer and finally, after the last stage of foliar application, the samples were transferred to the laboratory. In Order to accurately investigate the effect of Fe on important plant factors, extracts were taken from the samples. Then, the amount of antioxidants, carbohydrates, Flavonoids, Chlorophyll (a, b and total chlorophyll) and phenol was measured. Finally, the final data analysis was performed using SAS statistical software.

 The results showed that the simple effect of cultivar on the amount of phenol and flavonoids was significant at the level of one percent and the highest amount of phenol was recorded in Mobil cultivar and the highest amount of flavonoids was recorded in RioGrand cultivar. The effect of treatments on chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll index and antioxidant enzymes was significant at the level of 1% probability and carbohydrate content at the level of 5% probability. The results showed that feeding Fe at a concentration of 1.5 milliliter had a favorable effect on carbohydrate content and increased its amount in infected plants compared to control plants. This Increase effect may be useful for improving tolerance in a variety of tomatoes. According to the results, an increase in foliar application concentration to 3 milliliters led to a decrease in carbohydrate levels. Mechanical inoculation with a positive sample of the virus resulted in plant contamination. However, virus infection increased carbohydrate and antioxidant enzyme levels in tomatoes. The effect of cultivar on treatment was only significant in the amount of antioxidant enzymes at a one percent probability level, with the Mobil cultivar showing the highest response to virus infection treatment. Therefore, it can be concluded that a concentration of 1.5 milliliters of Fe fertilizer could be effective in increasing carbohydrate levels, as well as utilizing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant components to prevent viral penetration to some extent and reduce symptoms, particularly in the Mobile cultivar. However, the RioGrand cultivar produced less antioxidant components. Different cultivars of the same plant species have been reported to have varying responses to different types of infections, such as viruses, fungi, and bacteria. These differences are attributed to genetic variations among cultivars, which leads to different resistance mechanisms.

 The final results showed that in the early stages of greenhouse tomato growth, Fe nutrition had an effect on the biochemical properties of the plant and had a positive effect on some traits. In total, Fe fertilizer with a concentration of 1.5 milliliter increased carbohydrates in plants infected with Tomato spotted wilt virus and together with phenol and antioxidants affected the spread of the virus, especially in Mobil cultivar.

Ready-to-use pomegranate arils can be a good alternative to fresh fruits, but they have a short shelf life, so a safe and healthy method is needed to maintain the quality of these arils during storage. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of combined ozone treatment and Satureja khuzistanica extract on pomegranate arils of Malas Saveh cultivar during storage for 21 days in the cold storage at 4 °C. Factorial experiment with two factors of postharvest treatments (including seven treatments: 1) 1 ppm ozone; 2) 3 ppm ozone; 3) 1 ppm ozone + 0.5% S. khuzistanica extract; 4) 1 ppm ozone + 1% S. khuzistanica extract; 5) 3 ppm ozone + 0.5% S. khuzistanica extract; 6) 3 ppm ozone + 1% S. khuzistanica extract; and 7) control), and sampling time (zero (before storage), 7, 14 and 21 days after storing arils in cold storage) were performed with three repetitions. The results showed that the highest amount of titratable acid (TA) (1.15%), anthocyanin (126 ppm), total phenol (115.6 mg GAE g-1 FW), and vitamin C (30.5 mg 100 g FW) during the storage period was obtained from 1 ppm ozone treatment with 0.5% extract of S. khuzistanica. Also, pomegranate arils treated with 1 ppm ozone + 0.5% S. khuzistanica extract had the highest appearance quality, and the lowest population of mesophilic, and psychrophilic bacteria, yeasts and fungal infections. In general, the combined treatment of ozone 1 ppm + 0.5% S. khuzistanica extracts is recommended as a safe and healthy method for storing pomegranate arils in storage.

The present study was conducted with the aim of symbiotic integration of Cyprinus carpio and five species of mint in the aquaponics system. The experiment was performed as a split plot design in time. Mentha species including Mentha aquatica, Mentha pulegium, Mentha spicata, Mentha suaveolens and Mentha piperita were considered as the main plot and harvest times (first and second) were used as sub-plots. The highest leaf number, internode length, number of stolon and leaf area were belonged to M. aquatica. On the other hand, M. aquatica, M. piperita and M. pulegium showed the highest shoot dry weight and stem diameter, while, the highest dry weight of stem and plant height were obtained in M. pulegium. The highest leaf/stem ratio was also observed for M. suaveolens, M. spicata and M. aquatic, respectively The highest relative water content (RWC) was related to M. piperita, which was not significantly different from those of M. aquatica, M. spicata and M. suaveolens. The highest greenness (SPAD) index was obtained in M. aquatica and M. piperita. Almost all of the studied traits including leaf fresh weight, stolon fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, leaf number, plant height, number of stem, leaf area, RWC and SPAD index were higher in the second harvest of mint species. Overall, M. aquatica and M. piperita showed a better performance than other species in terms of most of the studied traits and may be recommended for cultivation in the aquaponics system.

Peach (Prunus persica L.) is one of the most essential fruit in Iran and the world. This fruit is suitable for both fresh markets and industrial producer and it is quite favorable by consumers. The efficiency of production is strongly influenced by the chosen peach cultivars. New cultivars are constantly in development by breeders. However, all characteristics are required to be examined include their ecological adaptation ability, productivity, fruit quality, and market value before orchard establishment. Studying the new cultivars is practically essential for exact determination of morphological and phenological features of genotype which is important. However, there is limited information on the global evaluation of fruit quality in breeding progenies and their relationships with pomological traits. Furthermore, the cultivated peach area under Khorasan Razavi province is 1850 ha and the production of fruit is 11283 tons. Therefore, the selection of suitable cultivars for cultivation in the region is very important due to the high economic lifespan of peaches (20-30 years), which in some commercial orchards this period is reduced to 12-15 years. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the pomological and morphological traits of 14 peach genotypes and cultivars in Khorasan Razavi province climatic conditions to select cultivars or genotypes compatible with high quantitative and qualitative performance. This study was performed in two-years (2016-17 and 2017-18) experiments based on a complete randomized block design with three replications on 14 peach cultivars and genotypes in Golmakan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station on 4-years-old trees with density planting system at a spacing of 4 ×5 m. The type of applied irrigation was drip irrigation, with common fertilizer. Trees were trained to an open center system. The vegetative (tree height, trunk cross-section, the crown of the tree), phenological (first bloom, full bloom, end of flowering, flowering period, and harvest time) and reproductive (fruit weight, stone weight, fruit length, fruit width, fruit yield, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, flavor index, and pH) traits were evaluated. It is necessary to explain the soluble solids content by Refractometer (Model 7887, Osk Japan) in terms of percentage and acidity by titration with NaOH (0.1 N) based on predominant peach acid, malic acid. The ratio of soluble solids to acidity was obtained by dividing soluble solids by acidity. The pH of the fruit juice was measured with a portable pH meter at room temperature (23–18 °C). Data analysis was performed using SAS software (version 9.2) and means were compared using Duncan's multiple range test. Stepwise regression and cluster analysis (Ward method) was conducted by Minitab software (version 19). Simple correlation (Pearson) between traits from the mean of two-year data was performed using SAS statistical software (version 9.2), in which positive correlation with blue color and negative correlation with red color was determined, which increased the color intensity indicates an increase in the correlation coefficient. The results showed that year and genotype had significantly different effects on all studied traits. ‘Anjiri Maliki’ and ‘Shindabad Hastejoda’ were the earliest and the most late-flowering genotypes, respectively. Among the studied genotypes, ‘Shindabad-5’ and ‘Spring Time’ were the earliest fruiting genotypes, and ‘Meshkinshahr Paeeze’, ‘Kajil’, and ‘Anjiri Zafarani’ were the most late-fruiting genotypes. ‘Haj Kazem’ genotype had the highest tree height (236.18 cm), trunk cross-section (181.83 cm2), and tree crown volume (73.34 cm3), which compared to the control genotype (‘G.H. Hill’) showed  38.62%, 79.9%, and 55.7% increases, respectively. In the second year of the experiment, the characteristics of fruit weight, stone weight, fruit length, fruit width, and fruit yield increased by 41.72%, 43.45%, 16.61%, 16.40% and 81.99%, respectively, compared to the first year. The highest amount of single fruit weight (165.28 g) in ‘Fayette’ genotype, stone weight (7.04 g) and fruit length (65.05 mm) in ‘Shinabad Hastejoda’ genotype, fruit width (66.04 mm) in ‘Shandabad-5’, and fruit yield in ‘Fayette’ and ‘Paeeze Meshkinshahr’ genotypes (with an average of 21.78 and 21.33 kg, respectively) were obtained. ‘Anjiri Zafarani’ genotype had the highest content of soluble solids (16.95%), flavor index (48.38), and acidity (4.65), which compared to control genotype were increased 0.1%, 69.38% and 25.8%, respectively. Fruit yield had a positive and significant correlation with trunk cross-sectional traits, tree crown volume, fruit weight, stone weight, and fruit width. According to this study, the tree height, trunk cross-section, and fruit weight traits were entered into the regression model, respectively, and finally, the traits entered in the model justified 53.23% of the fruit yield changes. Generally, ‘Fayette’ and ‘Shindabad Hastejoda’ genotypes can be recommended as the best genotype for cultivation in the Khorasan Razavi region due to their high quantitative and qualitative yield.

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a valuable medicinal plant widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and industrial products. In order to investigate the effects of vermicompost and seaweed foliar application on quantitative and qualitative traits of roselle, this research was carried out in Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch in spring, summer and autumn of 2016. The experiment was conducted as factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. Vermicompost treatments were applied on four levels: zero (control), 5, 10 and 15 ton/ha, and seaweed spraying at three levels: 0 (control), 1 and 1.5g/L at intervals of one month. At the end of experiment, plant height, number of flowers, fresh and dry weights of the plant, fresh and dry weights of calyx, chlorophyll a, b and total, anthocyanin content, vitamin C, flavonoids and titratable acidityof calyx were measured. The results indicated that the use of seaweed and vermicompost improved the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of roselle. The highest plant height, number of flowers per plant, fresh and dry weights of plant and calyx, chlorophyll a, b and total, anthocyanin content, titratable acid, and vitamin C in calyx, were measured in vermicompost 15 ton/ha. Also the highest amount of chlorophyll a, anthocyanin, flavonoids, titratable acid, and vitamin C of calyx, number of flowers per plant and fresh weight of plant were measured in 1.5 g/l seaweed. The highest amount of vitamin C (68.74 mg/100g), titratable acid (4.97%), anthocyanin (1.400mg/g) in calyx, number of flowers per plant (73.33) and plant fresh weight (828.33 g) were observed in vermicompost 15 ton /ha with the foliar application of seaweed 1.5 g/l.

The excessive use of chemical fertilizers has caused a lot of environmental problems, so the use of organic and humic compounds, especially fulvic acid, has been considered in the production of horticultural crops. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of foliar application of fulvic acid on quality and antioxidant properties of grapevine cv. Fakhri at four levels (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 g/l) using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Grapes were cultivated in a traditional traning system. The vines were sprayed at three stages: 1- Berry formation, 2- Lag phase, 3- Veraison. After harvesting, (Brix 20) qualitative and antioxidant properties of fruits were evaluated. Results of the experiment showed that 2.5 g/l of fulvic acid significantly increased soluble solids, vitamin C, soluble sugars, total phenol, antioxidant capacity of fruits, chlorophyll and leaf potassium content while 10 g/l of fulvic acid increased only titratable acidity of fruits. With increasing fulvic acid concentration evaluated traits decreased, so that 10 g/l fulvic acid did not show significant effect on improving qualitative and antioxidant properties of fruits. Application of fulvic acid did not show significant effect on fruit flavonoid, and carotenoid, phosphorus and nitrogen contents of leaves. As final result, fulvic acid treatment had an important effect on improving the qualitative and antioxidant properties of Fakhri cultivar and 2.5 g/l had the highest effect which is recommended to be considered as a best concentration.