جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « flowering time » در نشریات گروه « باغبانی »

Serendipita indica fungus acts as a growth promotor and to create resistance to environmental stresses in a wide range of plant species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of this fungus on the growth, yield and flowering of garlic. The experiment was performed as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design including two factors of the same group (flowering, semi-flowering, non-flowering) and two levels of fungi (inoculated and uninoculated) with three replications. The fungus increased the biomass and yield of garlic by increasing the elements. The effect of all groups on the measured traits except leaf width and chlorophyll showed a statistically significant effect. Fungus treatment did not affect the number of leaves and number of garlic. The fungus increased flowering stem length in all flowering and semi-flowering groups compared with uninoculated (30%). Flowering stem exit was not observed in non-flowering clones. The appearance of flowers was seen only in the flowering group. Flowering percentage in the inoculated flower group (45.90) was lower than inoculated (48.44). The fungus affects the time of stem emergence and accelerates flowering by accelerating maturity. The fungus had a positive effect on increasing the number and size of xylem and parenchymal cells. The results showed that S. indica consumes coexistence with garlic and improves vegetative and reproductive traits.

In order to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of gibberellic acid and vermicompost on some morphological and biochemical characteristics of daffodil (Narcissus tazetta L.) an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design in greenhouse conditions. The first factor was vermicompost at 4 levels: 0 (control), 10%, 15% and 20% V/V. The second factor was gibberellic acid applied at 3 concentrations: 0 (control), 150 and 300 mg L-1 by soaking bulbs for 48 hours. The results showed that compared to the control, the effect of gibberellic acid and vermicompost decreased the time of flowering by 12.66 days, though increased flower pedicel and diameter by 26.3 and 0.83 mm, respectively and flower longevity by 8.66 day. Also, leaf fresh and dry weight increased by 7.33 and 0.31 g, respectively, leaf calcium 0.98%, flower relative fresh weight on days 3rd, 5th, and 7th by 6.39%, 7.59% and 19.17% respectively. Chlorophyll a, b and total also increased by 0.51, 0.94 and 1.46 mg g-1 FW respectively. In general, it can be stated that the simultaneous application of gibberellic acid and vermicompost was effective in improving all measured traits of Narcissus tazetta. Vermicompost 20% V/V and gibberellic acid 300 mg L-1 showed the best results.

Water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) is one of the world’s most prevalent invasive aquatic plants. Due to the environmental and economic concerns associated with the water hyacinth spread, control of this plant seems will be necessary. Composting is promising techniques for controlling water hyacinth. Humic acid is the fraction of naturally occurring organic materials, which derive from the decomposition of plant and animal residues. Humic acid plays important roles in plants through stimulation of root growth and increase of water and nutrient uptake by plants. In this study, we evaluated the effect of water hyacinth compost and humic acid on the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of gerbera flowers

The present study was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was water hyacinth compost (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% v/v) and the second factor was humic acid (0, 250 and 500 mg L-1). The peat moss + perlite (2:1 v/v) was considered as a control treatment. To prepare water hyacinth compost, the water hyacinth was collected from a river in Sari, Mazandaran, Iran. Water hyacinth leaves were exposed to direct sunlight for eight hours to wither then chopped to fine pieces and eventually was spread on the surface. The thickness of leaves is five-centimeter. One centimeter thickness of animal manure was added on top of the water hyacinth leaves and then a layer of ash and lime respectively added. This step was repeated until the height of the layer reached to one meter, finally the top layer was covered with dry leaves of native trees and black polyethylene sheets. The mass was mixed up every 15 days to get a better result (uniform decomposition). Finally, after three months, the compost was prepared. Gerbera (cv. Artist) seedlings with uniform size (15 cm) were planted in plastic pots at different levels of compost. Humic acid was used once every ten days. The average day and night temperature in the greenhouse during the experiment was 17±2 and 23±2ºC, respectively, and the average greenhouse humidity was 65 to 75%. Flowering time, number of flowers, number of leaves, stem length, flower stem diameter, flower disk diameter, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, phenol content, total chlorophyll and carotenoids, concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium in the leaves, ion leakage of petals and vase life were evaluated.

According to the results of the effect of compost, humic acid and their interaction on most of the studied characteristics were significant. The highest number of flowers with 117% increase compared to the control treatment was related to 50% compost + 500 mg L-1 humic acid. In this treatment, the time of flower emergence occurred 40 days earlier than the control. The highest chlorophyll content with 155.52% increase compared to control was observed in 25% compost + 500% humic acid. Mineral elements in the leaf of the Gerbera plant were significantly affected by growth media and humic acid. The highest nitrogen content was found in 50% compost + 500 mg L-1 humic acid (a 50% increase compared to control). The highest potassium content was observed in 50% compost + 250 mg L-1 humic acid. The highest concentrations of calcium were found in the leaves of plants grown in 50% compost + 500 mg L-1 humic acid. The highest vase life with a 71.67% increase compared to the control treatment was related to plants that were grown in 25% or 50% compost+ 500 mg L-1 humic acid. The lowest ion leakage was recorded in 50% compost + 500% humic acid with 56.79% decrease compared to the control. In the present study, most of the growth media and humic acid significantly affected most of the Gerbera plant parameters. The best results were obtained from 25% and 50% compost +250, 500 mg L-1 humic acid. Due to proper drainage, increased water retention, a pseudo hormonal compound such as auxin and increased absorption of elements, compost improve the chemical and physical structure of growing media. Also, high leaf nitrogen content was observed in most compost-containing substrates. This element plays a key role in vegetative growth. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in compost is usually 5 to 11 times higher than soil which is gradually delivered to the plant and increases the growth and flowering of the plant. Humic acid plays important roles in plants through stimulation of root growth and increase of water and nutrient uptake by plants. In our study the application of humic acid at 250 and 500 mg L-1 significantly increased concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and potassium as compared with control. It has also been reported that humic acid provides growth regulators to regulate and control hormone levels in plants and stimulates the production of plant enzymes and hormones, which ultimately increases the vegetative and reproductive growth of the plant.

The results of this study showed that water hyacinth compost with humic acid due to improving the root environment and increasing the absorption of nutrients, increased quantitative, qualitative and vase life characteristics of Gerbera in comparison with control (peat + perlite). 50% compost was introduced as the best treatment in combination with concentrations of 250 and 500 mg L-1 of humic acid.

To evaluate the effect of different culture media on growth indices of Pelargonium ×hortorum “Maverick Star” in plug culture, a greenhouse experiment was carried out based on a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications. The treatments were seven different substrates including peat moss (100%), cocopeat (100%), peat moss + cocopeat (60%+40%), peat moss + cocopeat (50%+50%), peat moss + cocopeat (40%+60%), peat moss + perlite (50%+50%) and cocopeat + perlite (50%+50%). At the end of the experiment, growth indices such as root volume, root fresh and dry weights, plant height, stem diameter, shoot fresh and dry weights, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content and flowering time were evaluated. Results showed that most of the measured traits were significantly affected by the culture medium. The medium containing 100% peat moss had the best effect on the evaluated traits and the weakest results on most of the traits were observed in 100% cocopeat substrate. Results also showed that adding peat moss to other culture media made some positive changes in most of the measured traits.

Table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important small fruits in Iran produced in a wide range of climates from temperate to tropical regions. Khoshnaw cultivar is one of the most important table grapes in Iran. Vineyard soil in many parts of Iran is calcareous, leading to the decrease in the availability of micronutrients and exposure of vines to severe nutritional disorders. Lack of imbalanced fertilization is one of the reasons for the reduction in yield as well as fruit quality of vineyards. Iron, magnesium and zinc are essential nutrients that play an important role in increasing production and product quality. Zinc and iron deficiencies are the most common micronutrient disorders that have been observed in many vineyards of Iran. Other common deficiencies include manganese, boron, copper, and molybdenum. Most vineyards of Boyer Ahmad located in regions, where soil temperature is very low in spring, and obviously under these conditions and just when the grapevines need to make most of the mentioned elements, absorption of nutrients from the soil by the roots is reduced. However, there is high amount of lime (≥ 60%) in the soil of the same area in this condition with high pH (7.9). Therefore, under this situation, vines cannot uptake iron and other micronutrients including zinc and boron. The fertilizer sources and time of their application are two important factors. The aim of this study was to determine the best concentration and application time of Ferozinc fertilizer on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of table grape cv. khoshnaw.
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application of some micronutrient elements before and after flowering on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of table Grape cv. Khoshnaw in Yasuj during 2012. An experiment was conducted in private vineyards in Chitab district of BoyerAhmad region. The average annual precipitation was 676.7 mm. The minimum and maximum temperatures of this area varied from -7.8 oC to 35.3oC during the year. The average minimum and maximum temperatures in growing season were 13 oC and 29.5oC, respectively. 15-year-old own-rooted vines were trained by using head system. The vines were spaced 2.5 × 3 m. They were pruned by using spur pruning which left about 60 buds on each vine. The experiment was arranged as factorial based on randomized complete block design with two factors and four replications. The first factor included different levels of Ferozinc fertilizer (0, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/l) and the second factor included different spraying times (before flowering, after flowering, and both times). The quantitative factors measured were the average of bunch weight, and average of fruit weight per bunch; and qualitative factors were percent of soluble solids (TSS percentage), the reaction of juice (pH), total acidity (TA percentage), TSS/TA ratio and vitamin C, respectively. The data were analyzed using MSTATC package program and means were separated using Duncan's Multiple Range Test at P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01.
Results showed that the effects of Ferozinc fertilizer application were significant (p≤0.01) on the average of bunch weight, average of fruit weight per bunch, TSS/TA ratio, pH and vitamin C content. Moreover, the effect of foliar application time on all traits was significant, except for juice pH (p≤0.01). Based on the results of mean comparison, the interaction effect between different levels of Ferozinc fertilizer and times of foliar application on vitamin C content and pH of grape juice were significant (p≤0.01). The highest cluster weight (220.222 gr), average fruit weight per cluster (215.887 gr), TSS/TA ratio (31.29), pH (3.68) and vitamin C (2.849 mg/100 cc fruit juice) were obtained in the treatment containing 1000 mg/l Ferozinc fertilizer and both application times (before and after flowering).
In general, the results of the present study showed that the unavailability of optimal nutritional conditions in control treatment increased the quality of fruits. Therefore when the plant is faced with nutrition abnormalities, moderate consumption of elements could enhance quantity and quality of products. According to the results of this research, application of ferozinc fertilizer at concentration of 1000 ppm before and after flowering is recommended to improve the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of table grape cv. Khoshnaw under irrigation conditions in this area.

Increasing product marketability and introduction of new cultivars for fresh consumption of apple is the world's most important breeding objectives. In this study, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the genotypes from cross between Red Spur and Golab-e-Kohanz apple cultivars were evaluated. A total of 19 traits including fruit attributes (firmness, fruit weight,...) and the tree traits (trunk circumference, flowering time,...) were evaluated for two consecutive years. Results of simple correlation analysis showed positive and negative correlations between some important characteristics such as fruit weight, diameter and length, ratio of sugars to acids, acidity (pH), flowering and maturity time and the time of leaf abscission in the fall. Some attributes such as the time of leaf abscission, fruit color, flowering time, titrable acids, annual growth of shoots, the ratio of sugar to acid and fruit weight showed the highest variation coefficients. While, the attributes including the fruit length to diameter ratio, total soluble solids, fruit diameter, pH of fruit juice and the maturation time had the lowest variation coefficients. In general, most evaluated genotypes in terms of the maturity time were early to midseason. During the study, a number of early genotypes with good quality and quantity of yield were determined.

Most of the years, early-blooming and late spring frost can damage developing buds or flowers and reduced fruit production. In due to genetic variation, there is a wide range in time of bloom among apricot genotypes in orchards of Boein Zahra region. Therefore, the apricot germplasm of this region was evaluated to select cold tolerant and late-blooming genotypes. In this study, evaluation of traits was carried out based on descriptor list of apricot (IBPGR). In finally, in this study, 16 superior apricot genotypes selected. The genotypes showed significant differences in majority of traits, especially flowering traits. Based on cluster analyze of flowering time, superior genotypes classified in three groups of complete late flower, late flower and normal. Some studied characters were high descriptive variance. Also, between some variance observed positive or negative significant correlation coefficient.

To evaluate The effects of some quantative and qualitative traits and yield of potato and to determine the most high yielding and early maturing cultivar for cold regions, twenty potato cultivars were evaluated in Dashte Mir Agro-Industrial farm located in Khodabandeh, Zanjan province, in 2005. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications and some traits such as yield, growth longevity, number of main stems per plant, flowering time and skin harding time were measured. Cultivar Agria was considered as control in the experiment. Analysis of variance on data showed significant differences among the cultivars. Arinda and Latuna with high yield, earliness and higher number of stems per plant were determind as the superior cultivars. These two cultivars were also late flowering and skin harding. Correlation between yield and number of stem per plant, growth longevity, flowering time and skin haring time was positive but not significant. Heritability of all measured traits were high. The highest heritability (0.97) was related to flowering time and the lowest (0.69) to the number of main stems per plant. The high heritability of yield can be related to the high genetic diversity amongst the cultivars.

Apricot belongs to the Rosaceae family and is considered as an economically important Fruit among others. Irregular bearing is a shortcoming in apricot production which is partly due to its limited ecological adaptation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature prior to flowering stage on some characteristics as related to flowering organs. In two consecutive years, some traits were recorded in four commercial apricot cultivars namely: ‘Nasiri’, ‘Noori’, ‘Jahangiri’ and ‘Shahroudi’.Results indicated that temperature influenced the plant’s flower reproductive organs, pollen and pistil performance which in turn played an important role on flower fertility. During the first year, pollen germination was considerably low due to a very cold winter while in the second year the final development stage of pistil failed because of becoming confronted with a warm winter. Pistils with shorter style and non-swollen ovaries were observed in some cultivars including ‘Jahangiri’ and ‘Noori’. The two other cultivars produced a higher percentage of normal pistils during the second year. Differences between cultivars would be attributed to carbohydrate storage and sensitivity of ‘Jahangiri’ to warm winters. In ‘Nasiri’ double pistil and multiple ovule percentage decreased during the second year. On the other hand, in year 2007-2008cultivars exhibited early flowering due to easily meeting the chilling requirement but faced spring frost damage. According to the obtained results, temperature fluctuation affected flower quality in either on year. Continuous cold winter provided more suitable conditions for organogenesis and fruit set in year 2006-2007. In this year, pollen germination decreased because of cold winter but, in total, fruit set was at its optimum level because of good pistil’s performance.