جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تنظیم کننده های رشد » در نشریات گروه « بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک گیاهی »

Hairy and adventitious roots are efficient systems for expressing recombinant proteins. In the present study, the amount of DrsB1-CBDAvr4 recombinant protein in hairy and adventitious root systems was compared. To this end, the effect of different factors on the optimization of culture conditions to obtain adventitious and hairy roots was evaluated in three separate experiments by assessment of biomass production in T1 transgenic plants expressing DrsB1-CBDAvr4 recombinant protein. The efficacy of Agrobacterium rhizogenesis in producing hairy roots was ensured using rolC gene specific primers. The insertion of DrsB1-CBDAvr4 recombinant peptide transgene in the genome of hairy and adventitious roots was confirmed by PCR analysis. Also, the level of DrsB1-CBDAvr4 protein was measured in hairy and adventitious roots by ELISA analysis. Analysis of the variance of data showed that the highest number of roots and the longest roots were obtained in MS media supplemented with 1 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L IBA. The results of adventitious root biomass showed that liquid MS medium containing 1 mg/L of NAA hormone had a significant effect (P <0.01) on biomass production. More biomass was obtained in MS medium supplemented with 1mg/L NAA, whereas a lower fresh and dry weight was obtained in a 1/4 MS medium with no NAA. The results also showed that ATCC15834 strain with MS media supplemented with 3% sucrose, 10 minutes inoculation time was high efficiency to induce hairy roots in tobacco plants. The results of ELISA analysis showed that clones obtained from both roots showed a significant difference in terms of total protein content. The amount of recombinant protein from hairy roots was much higher than that of adventitious roots.

To investigate the effect of triacontanol on the yield and yield components of the two chickpea Landraces, a completely randomized factorial design was conducted with three replications. The treatments were designed at four levels of hormone consumption including 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg/L in the form of leaf and soil applications on two chickpea Landrace of Mashhad and Kermanshah. The total treatments included 24 pots for each Landrace. In this experiment, traits such as grain yield, biological yield, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, height of plant, 100-grain weight, and total biomass of chickpeas were examined. The results revealed that the effects of triacontanol application and method of application on chickpea Landraces were not significant. The results also showed no significant effect for biomass. Moreover, analyzing the effects of interaction between the amount of hormone consumption and method of consumption and type of chickpea mass on the yield and yield components showed that all properties were significantly different with an exception of the number of grains per pod and 100-grain weight. Increasing the doses of hormone by leaf application on Mashhad Landrace resulted in significant improvement of yield and yield components of the chickpea. The triple interaction effects of triacontanol application, method of application and chickpea Landrace on the measured traits were significant in all treatments. In the triple interaction, the highest yield was observed in 15 mg/L triacontanol application on the leaves of Mashhad Landrace chickpea, which increased the yield by 45% compared to control treatment. It was concluded that the increase of yield and yield components by increasing doses of triacontanol application on leaves was mainly due to their effects on aerial parts of the plant through decreased rates of flowers, pods and falling leaves. On the whole, application of biochemical triacontanol hormone resulted in increasing chickpea yield by its positive effect on the metabolism activities of the plant.

Protecting the germplasm of native tree species of the Caspian hyrcanian forests, especially the Caspian locust (Gleditschia capsica Desf.) is a priority of the research. In this study, somaclonal diversity in regenerated plants from different explants of Caspian locust was investigated using the Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) marker under in vitro conditions. Mother leaf (natural) and stem, root and cotyledon explants from the regenerated plants as studied genotypes were selected and they were cultured in MS culture medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 TDZ and 0.5 mgl1 2,4-D. Somaclonal diversity was examined after six subculture inoculations. Polymorphism (PIC), Nei and Shannon diversity traits were used to investigate the diversity between genotypes and then clustering of genotypes was performed using UPMGA algorithm and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The polymorphism percentage was 87.9% using 10 primers. Molecular Analysis of Variance (AMOVA) showed 16% diversity between genotypes and maternal origin. The results of cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into three distinct categories, which was also confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA). Accordingly, the mother basal and stem genotypes were grouped in a group. The mother basal had the highest and lowest similarity coefficients with stem and root genotypes, respectively. Therefore, it was suggested to use stem explants that have high genetic similarity with the mother genome for studies of Caspian locust tissue culture. In general, the results showed that somaclonal diversity among regenerated plants will increase with increasing number of subcultured.

Avondol (Smyrnium cordifolium) is one of the most valuable medicinal plants and its use has a long history in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growth regulators on the regeneration of various organs of the avondol in in vitro conditions. This study was conducted in tissue culture laboratory of Research Center of Agricultural and Natural Resources of Kermanshah as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Factors of explant (leaf and stem) plant growth regulators of 2,4-D (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/l) and BA (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1, mg/l) were examined. Six weeks after planting, callus color, callus formation rate, percentage of callus regeneration, callus diameter and callus fresh weight were recorded. The results showed that the highest callus formation rate in 2 mg/l 2,4-D alone, the highest percentage of callus formation of explants in 1 and 2 mg/l 2,4-D alone was obtained in stem explants. The highest callus diameter in the treatment of 2 mg/l 2,4-D alone and the highest weight in 1 and 2 mg/l 2,4-D alone and 2 mg/l 2,4-D with 0.25 mg/l BAwas obtained.In order to direct regeneration, same calli were cultured on growth regulators BA (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/l) and IBA (0, 0.25, 0.5 mg/l) in MS medium with 3 replications. Six weeks after replanting the calli grew and did not regenerate. The results of the second experiment showed that the highest callus formation rate and callus diameter were obtained in combination of 0.5 mg/l BA alone. The highest percentage of callus formation was observed in two hormonal compounds: 0.5 mg/l BA alone and 1 mg/l BA with 0.25 mg/l IBA. The highest callus weight was obtained in 1 mg/l BA alone.

It is essential to use corrective techniques in the cultivation of medicinal plants and to improve the quantity and quality of the essential oils and essence in them for the production of high-yielding plants. The influence factors in callus production and regeneration include genotype, growth regulators, culture medium, age and type of explants and environmental conditions. In this study, callus induction in seven plant species (Daucus carota, Dracocephalum kotschyi, Hyssopus officinalis, Galega officinalis, Amsonia tubemaemontana, Moringa oliefera, Urtica dioica) has been investigated in vitro, which were evaluated callus induction and organogenesis on the leafy specimen in MS and WPM medium with different concentrations of growth regulators. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was designed in a completely randomized design (CRD) and was investigated genotypic effects on callus induction and subsequent proliferation of the plant. The results showed that Daucus carota, Moringa oliefera and Hyssopus officinalis had a significant difference in callus induction with other species.

Fritillaria imperialis from the Liliaceae family is an ornamental species in danger of extinction. Therefore, it is nessessary to conserve the plant genetic pool. Two proper methods to access this goal are micropropagation and germplasm conservation in in vitro freezing conditions. The presence of suitable pre-treatments is necessary for cryopreservation. The most important and the most application of pre-treatment is encapsulation-dehydration. The purpose of current research was in vitro proliferation of F. imperialis using plant growth regulators and its cryopreservation using encapsulation-dehydration pre-treatment. 

Bulb scales as explants and MS medium as basic culture medium were used. For micropropagation, kinetin (Kin) and α_naphthaleneacetic acid in concentrations of 0 (as control), 0.5, 1 and 2 mg l–1 were applied. For cryopreservation, explants were pretreated with encapsulation-dehydration followed by conservation in liquid nitrogen. Encapsulation was done using sodium alginate. Dehydration was carried out in air and using high level of sucrose.

The results of micropropagation showed that the maximum number of leaf (3.5) and root number (5.7) was obtained in explants treated with 0.5 mg l–1 Kin along with 1 mg l–1 NAA. The results of cryopreservation showed that encapsulation-dehydration in air as a pre-treatment had effective role on the survival and regeneration of explants (70.5%) after conservation in liquid nitrogen. Least explant survival was obtained in control (without pre-treatment). In vitro regenerated plantlets were cultivated in plastic pots containing peat moss and perlite (in ration of 1:1) and acclimatized with environmental conditions. The survival rate was 90% and the growth pattern of regenerated plants was similar to that of mother plants.

Present research proposes the use of 0.5 mg l–1 Kin together with 1 mg l–1 NAA for micropropagation and encapsulation-dehydration for germplam cryopreservation of F. imperialis. Micropropagation by direct and indirect organogenesis and embryogenesis is a proper approach for proliferation of ornamentals in danger of extiction. The success of these methods depends on type and concentrations of auxins and cytokinins applied in culture medium, singular or in combination. In order to protect rare and endangered ornamental species, modern biotechnological tools need to be utilized.

Propagation of seedless grape varieties by artificial seeds is important. In order to evaluate the effect of grape cultivars and medium on somatic embryogenesis and artificial seed production, an experiment was carried out based on completely randomized as a factorial design. Leaf explants of four grape varieties were cultured on 1/2 MS medium in four different levels of plant growth regulators. Results showed a statistically significant difference (1%) between the cultivars and levels of growth regulators for somatic embryogenesis. However, their interaction was not significant. The [3.8 mg/l TDZ + 0.2 mg/l NAA] composition showed the highest embryogenesis (65%). In addition, we investigated the effect of two combinations of artificial seed hydrogel capsules [(1/2 macro-elements of B5 medium and micro-elements of MS medium and 1st capsulation medium) and (macro-elements of B5 medium and micro-elements of MS medium and 2nd capsulation medium)] and four grape cultivars on artificial seed germination. Results showed that there were significant differences between grape cultivars (p<0.05) and capsulation media (p<0.01). Crimson Seedless cultivar had the highest artificial seed germination (65%) in 2nd capsulation medium. Mean comparison indicated that artificial seed germination in the 1st capsulation medium was more (52.62%) than 2nd capsulation medium (20.62%).

Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad is an endemic species of Iran. The species is an endangered and valuable medicinal plant. In order to propagate through micropropagation, lateral buds were collected from Lorestan province, region of Pol of Dokhtar. The best treatment of sterilization of the explants was 0.1% HgCl2 for 6 minutes. The best medium for shoot regeneration was MS with BA, 2iP and IBA 0.3, 0.3 and 1 mg/l, respectively. Applying 12 different treatments, the mentioned medium was better than other treatments in term of the coefficient of elongation, leaf elongation and leaf greenness. The best medium for root regeneration was MS with 1 mg/l IBA and 0.1 mg/l NAA. It initiated the highest number of primary and secondary roots. Various combinations of different soils were evaluated for survival during the acclimatization, and sand: soil: peat: perlite at a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1 showed the highest percentage of survival and growth. The best propagation method of the species was developed and the propagated plants could be transplanted into the habitat of the species.

Stevia rebaudiana is a medicinally important plant, free-calorie with sweet test and beneficial for diabetic patient. In order to optimization of the micropropagation of this plant, three experiments were conducted by factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Shoot tip explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with Kin (0, 1 & 2 mg/l) IAA (0, 0.5, 1 & 1.5 mg/l) (test 1), Kin (3 & 4 mg/l) with IAA (0.5, 1 & 1.5 mg/l) (test 2) and BAP (0, 1, 2, 3 & 4 mg/l) IBA (0, 0.5, 1 & 1.5 mg/l) (test 3). The shoot number increased with increasing concentrations of Kin in media and in second experiment, the highest shoot number was produced in MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/l Kin 0.5 mg/l IAA (with an average of 7 shoots per explant). However, the best result of micropropagation was obtained from MS medium containing 2 mg/l BAP 1.5 mg/l IBA in test 3 (ith an average of 9 shoots per explant). Also, increasing BAP concentrations from 2 mg/l resulted to a significant reduction in shoot number and shoot length and quality of plantlets as well as increase in callusing. In addition, shoot number was dramatically increased by incubation the cultured explants in culture room for two months. The maximum rooting of developed shootlets was achieved from MS medium supplemented with1 mg/l IBA. The rooted plantlets were hardened in culture room and with high successfully established in soil.

Crataegus pseudohetrophylla Pojark. of the genus Crataegus is a member of the Rosaceae family that isimportant in terms of ornamental, food, medicinal, exported, shelter for wildlife and birds, soil conservationand erosion control applications. For callus induction, Leaf pieces (0.5–1.0 cm2) produced by plantlets aftersurface sterilization in MS medium containing 2, 4-D at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mg l-1 and BAPat concentrations of 0, 0.5, and 1 mg l-1, placed in a growth chamber under dark conditions. In the next step,the calli were transferred to culture medium supplemented with growth regulators of BAP, TDZ, NAA, andIBA in different concentrations for regeneration and then characteristics of callus induction (%), callusdiameter (mm), callus type, and callus color were recorded. 100% callusing at concentration of 2 mg l-1 2, 4-D in combination with 0.5 and 1 mg l-1 BAP with the greatest diameter at concentration of 2 mg l-1 2, 4-D incombination with 1 mg l-1 BAP and hard, globular and embryonic in texture with light green to dark green incolor were observed on MS medium. 100% explants forming shoots (regeneration) was obtained using of 12and 14 mg l-1 BAP in combination with 2 mg l-1 NAA and the highest means number of shoots per explantswas observed at concentration of 10 mg l-1 BAP in combination with 2 mg l-1 NAA.

Cerasus mahaleb L. is a member of the Rosaceae family that have been used in different industries aspharmaceutical, packaging, dyeing, chemical, sanitary, food, and perfume. For callus induction, Leaf pieces(0.5–1.0 cm2) produced by plantlets after surface sterilization in MS medium containing 2, 4-D at concentrationof 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mg l-1 and BAP at concentration of 0, 0.5, and 1 mg l-1, placed in a growth chamberunder dark conditions. In the next step, the calli were transferred to culture medium supplemented with growthregulators of BAP, TDZ, and KIN and NAA in different concentrations for regeneration and thencharacteristics of callus induction (%), callus diameter (mm), callus type, and callus color was recorded. 100%callusing with the greatest diameter and friable and globular in texture with cream to light green in color wereobserved on MS medium at concentration of 2 mg l-1 2, 4-D in combination with 1 mg l-1 BAP. Calli showedno regeneration due to brown in color and highly soft and watery in texture.

Multiplication of pear cultivars using conventional vegetative propagation techniques such as soft or hard wood cuttings is difficult. Therefore, the possibility of micro-propagating 10 Iranian native pear cultivars and the establishment of their in vitro collection were studied. In vitro cultures of these cultivars, established using single node soft cuttings on MS Medium supplemented with BAP (1 mg/l) and NAA (0.1 mg/l), were evaluated for growth characteristics. At this stage, time to shoot induction in cvs Ghosi and Natanzi with the mean of 4.75 days was the shortest and in cv Khooj with 20.75 days was the longest, among all cultivars examined in this study. Cultivars Ghosi and Natanzi also produced the highest number of leaves ( 4.25 and 3.25, respectively) and the highest shoot height (9.25 and 6.5 cm, respectively). Micropropagation of in vitro grown plantlets were then studied by assessing 21 days old Micropropagated plantlets on the modified QL medium containing growth regulator combination of BAP (1mg/l), NAA (0.1 mg/l), Zeatin (1mg/l) and 2ip (1mg/l). Cultivar Ghosi produced plantlets with an average of 3.75 leaves and the average height of 4.27 cm, showing the highest growth rate. On the other hand, plantlets of cvs Beiruti and Shahmiveh with an average shoot height of 1 cm showed the lowest growth among the cultivars examined. Modified QL media supplemented with different concentrations of Auxin, IBA, were used for rooting of four selected pear cultivars. NO roots was observed on any of the four cultivars, cultured on media with IBA concentrations of 0.5 and 2.0 mg/l, while all selected cultivars rooted on the medium containing IBA with concentrations of 1mg/l. The highest mean number of roots (6.33) was produced in cv Ghosi and the lowest in cv Sardroodi (1.66). Root length was the highest in cv Shahmiveh and lowest in cv Sardroodi. The results of this research work showed that Iranian native pear cultivars can easily be micopropagated under in vitro conditions, but their growth and multiplication characteristics is genotypic specific. This research also successfully established the first Iranian in vitro collection of native pear genetic resources.

Eucalyptus occidentalis is cultivated for its nectar and pollen in honey production، also due to its essential oils for medicinal aspects، tanin in leather industries and wood fibers in cosmetics and paper industries. Micropropagation of the species was evaluated by auxiliary bud culture in MS and GD culture medium using a factorial experimental model based on a completely randomized design. Seeds were immersed in water for 2 hours and 1% sodium hypoclorite solution for 18 minutes as the best treatment for surface sterilization. A modified MS medium containing cytokinines BAP، GA3 and IBA in 0. 5، 0. 15، 0. 01 mgl-1، respectively and 200 mgl-1 PVP was used. The best rooting treatment was a modified MS medium (1/2N) containing auxine، IBA in 2mgl-1. Plantlets were transferred to soil and kept in greenhouse conditions. The study showed that using an appropriate treatment in tissue culturing method، the valuable species could be propagated in a short time.

Comparison of subcultures on the success of plant micropropagation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr)Review :Recent scientific advances in biotechnology lead to new methods of micropropagation of pineapple plant pineapple, mass propagation and reduce production costs is provided. Genetic changes associated with micropropagation of pineapple plants to create new varieties from the economic point of view, resistance to major pests and diseases are the most important goals pineapple application of biotechnology. In this study different stages of plant micropropagation of pineapple under the influence of concentration were compared. In order to micropropagation, meristem of the plant Pineapple isolated in sterile conditions and then it Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with various concentrations of 6-benzyl Mynvpvryn ((1-2-3-4-5 Mgl NAA acid ((6 Mgl were cultured. by increasing the amount of hormones 6-Ynzyl Mynvpvryn average stem length (2 inches) and the proliferation rate (3 per explants). the growth rate rose. Keywords: pineapple seedlings - micropropagation - growth regulators

in this study transgenic plants of sour orange (C. aurantium) that is an important citrus rootstock were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Epicotyl and hypocotyl segments-derived explants were co-cultured with Agrobacterium strain EHA105 carrying pFGC5941 plasmid containsing CTV coat protein (p25) gene. One of the main objects of present research was to improve the direct in vitro organogenesis efficiency in C. aurantium. Therefore different combination of BAP (0, 1, 2 mg/L) and NAA (0, 0.25, 0.5 mg/L) were used in selective medium to culture transformed explants. The highest regeneration (57%) was obtained from explant treated with 2 mg/L BAP and 0.25 mg/L NAA. Effects of wounding and vacuum infiltration on transformation efficiency were evaluated either. The best transformation efficiency (11.25%) was obtained from explants that were vacuum infiltrated during transformation and subsequently were cultured in medium containing 2 mg/L BAP and 0.25 mg/L NAA. PCR analysis using two different genes were performed to confirm transformation. Micro grafting of transformed shoots were carried out on non-transgenic, in-vitro grown seedlings.

English yew (Taxus baccata) is one of the limited coniferous species in Caspian forests of Iran. Taxol, unique drug employed for the bark of Taxus species. A factorial experiment was carried out to find the best combination of media and plant regulators. Micropropagation carried out to find apartical method for mass propagation. In this research two kinds of media (MS, MS(½ nitrate)), two various plant regulators (BAP, Kin + IBA), one explants (shoot tip) and presence or absence of 2 g/l active charcoal were studied. For root induction elongated shoots after 1 month were cultured on MS, ½ MS, WPM, ½ WPM media supplemented with levels of 2 growth regulators including (IBA, NAA) or without growth regulators. The best treatment for new growth leaves was the use of MS media with 3 mg/l Kin in combination activated charcoal 2 g/l and the best response (2.67 cm) was observed on MS medium with 3 mg/l Kin and also 3 mg/l BAP in combination activated charcoal 2 g/l for shoot elongation. After 2 months rooting of T, baccata was obtained on WPM in the absence of growth regulators. The best elongated shoots were on media containing lower concentration of plant growth regulators. Auxin and cytokinin were important on the elongated shoots. BAP was also found to be effective in inducing shoots and shoots elongation.