جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عملکرد » در نشریات گروه « بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک گیاهی »

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc hydroxide and zinc glycine and their mixtures on performance, blood and immune parameters, liver enzymes and expression of interleukin-6 and interferon gamma genes in broiler chickens.

Birds fed on a Corn-Soybean. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with a 3×3 factorial arrangement with 9 treatments and 4 replications, each replication containing 15 birds. (540 Ross 308 broiler chickens). The experimental diets included the control diet (without zinc hydroxide and zinc glycine) and the levels of 50 and 100 mg / kg zinc hydroxide and zinc glycine.

The results showed that the use of mixture of zinc hydroxide and zinc glycine increased feed intake and weight at the end of broiler chickens breeding (P<0.05). Among the experimental groups, 100 zinc hydroxide (mg/kg of feed) had the blood and immune parameters (P<0.05). The use of zinc hydroxide and zinc glycine in the diet of broiler chickens has significant effect on liver enzyme (P<0.05). The different levels of zinc hydroxide and zinc glycine decreased the expression of interleukin-6 and increased gamma interferon liver genes.ConclusionsIn general, it can be stated that the mixture containing 100 zinc hydroxide (mg/kg of feed) has the most effect on performance improvement, blood and immune parameters and100 zinc hydroxide and zinc glycine (mg/kg of feed) expression of liver genes in broiler chickens.The results showed that the use of mixture of zinc hydroxide and zinc glycine increased feed intake and weight at the end of broiler chickens breeding (P<0.05). Among the experimental groups, 100 zinc hydroxide (mg/kg of feed) had the blood and immune parameters (P<0.05). The use of zinc hydroxide and zinc glycine in the diet of broiler chickens has significant effect on liver enzyme (P<0.05). The different levels of zinc hydroxide and zinc glycine decreased the expression of interleukin-6 and increased gamma interferon liver genes.

In general, it can be stated that the mixture containing 100 zinc hydroxide (mg/kg of feed) has the most effect on performance improvement, blood and immune parameters and100 zinc hydroxide and zinc glycine (mg/kg of feed) expression of liver genes in broiler chickens.

Evaluation of the each subject on the basis of evolutionary process would be helpful to more insights and to make better decisions. In this regard, crop modeling has no exception. In order to study the process of modeling of crops in Iran, 162 resources includes articles, theses and books was investigated. Studies showed that the first model in 1998 was developed on the effect of soil properties on yield of chickpea under rainfed conditions. The results showed that grain yield and wheat with 49 and 38 replication, highest adjective and plant were measured, respectively. Non-linear regression with 25 replications was the most widely used models. The most of the reference belonged to articles with 129 cases. The maximum study was conducted in 2011 with 24 replications, two researchers had the greatest role in the development of crop modeling and the most application of the model was used in the discussion of crop management. Finally, it can be concluded that, modeling has been used in different cases of crops in Iran and this can be a good supplement to other methods of research

Part of paddy lands of Dasht-e-Sar region of Amol was irrigated by low salinity (brackish water) Garmroud River. To investigate the effect of Garmroud irrigation water on growth and yield of 9 selected genotypes obtained from the ninth generation (M9), standard cultivar tolerates salinity variety (Fl478), Tarom Mahali, Hassani, Anbarboo and Barekat varieties, a total of 14 genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCB) with three replications in 2020. The experimental farm was located in the village of Shahneh Kalay Dasht-e-Sar Amol (longitude 63 1 E, latitude 40 30 N, altitude 75 m). The results showed that the earliest genotypes were lines No. 2310 and 2212 from seed sowing to 50% flowering stage, equal 85 and 88 days. Genotype 133 was the shortest line with a plant height of 124 cm. Traits including number of panicle per hill, panicle length (cm), number of full grains, empty and total grains per panicle, 1000-seed weight (g), were different 15-25, 20-27, 55-112, 91-161, 10-83 and 20-27,  respectively. The yield of genotypes varied between 1500 and 6000 kg/ha. Due to the variety of changes in agronomic traits, 2212, 2310, 133 and Hassani variety were recommended in this area of paddy field

Despite the negative effects of salinity on plants, due to the limited area under cultivation, planting a variety of plants in saline lands is inevitable. Among them, okra is one of the plants that few studies have been done on its response to different levels of salt. Therefore, in order to study the effect of salinity levels on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench), an experiment was designed based on a randomized complete block design with five treatments including concentration of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM sodium chloride in three replications at the greenhouse of the faculty of agriculture, Shahid Madani University of Azarbaijan. The results showed that by increasing salinity levels, potassium to sodium ratio, chlorophyll a, relative water content, plant dry weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, number of seeds per plant, seeds weight per plant and 1000 grains weight have decreased but amount of sodium and proline have increased. During the experiment, the plants under 200 mM treatment have died shortly after salinization, but plants under other treatments survived until the end of the experiment and produced the yield. Maintaining high potassium content, low reduction in chlorophyll content and no noticeable change in relative water content were factors that led to continuance of plant growth, dry matter and fruit production at different salt concentrations. Although in terms of number of fruits per plant, there was no significant difference between salinity levels and the control, but a significant decrease in fruit weight per plant was recorded at high salt concentrations, especially under 150 mM, which can be an important factor affecting economic yield of okra in saline environments with EC higher than 10 ds/m.

Tall fescue is a high yielding perennial grass with wide adaptability to the adverse environmental conditions.This study was carried out to measure dry forage yield, chemical compositions and metabolizable energy (ME) of six tall fescue genotypes at two phonological stages. The selected genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of the Northwest Region in Tabriz in 2017. Based on the results of analysis of variance, the tested genotypes showed significant differences for all measured traits (P˂0.01). Dry forage yield was high in the genotypes Boroujen1 and Kamyaran2 with 325 and 270 g/plant respectively and low in the genotype Kamyaran3. The amount of crude protein, ME and acid detergent fibers (ADF) in the genotypes Boroujen1 and Borjen2 were better than the genotypes Fariman, Kamyaran1, Kamyaran2 and Kamyaran3 (P˂0.05), whereas the genotype Kamyaran3 had the lowest crude protein and ME and the highest ADF. Interaction of genotype ´ phonological stage was significant for all traits. At the heading stage, dry forage yield of the genotypes Boroujen1 and Kamyaran2 were the highest with 536 and 442 g/plant respectively and in the genotypes Fariman and Kamyaran3 were the lowest (P˂ 0.05). Based on the results of dry forage yield, the amount of crude protein, ADF and ME, the best genotypes were Boroujen1 and Kamyaran2.

The challenge of the interaction of genotype × environment is one of the main issues in plant breeding. Various statistical methods to estimate the interaction of genotype × environment and choice the stable and productive genotype(s) have been introduced. In this study, 14 lentil genotypes along with two controls (Sepehr and Gachsaran cultivars) were evaluated during four growing seasons (2016-2020). The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete blocks design in three replications at Sarab Changai Agricultural Research Station, Khorammabad (Iran). The combined analysis of variance was used to investigate the interaction of genotype × environment, and results of the analysis showed significant effects for genotype, year, and genotype × environment interaction. Genotypes G5 (FLIP2014-032L) and G12 (ILL8006) were introduced based on Si(1), Si(2), and NPi(1) statistics as stable and high-yielding genotypes. Based on various non-parametric statistics, genotypes G5 (FLIP2014-032L) with a mean grain yield of 1574.68 kg.ha-1 and G12 (ILL8006) with a mean grain yield of 1333.6 kg.ha-1 were introduced as stable genotypes. The heritability rate was estimated on the plot mean basis for yield trait in four years (0.61 ± 0.18) which indicated the capability of the studied genotypes to be selected and improved for grain yield. Based on the results of cluster analysis, the genotypes were divided into three main clusters. The highest distance was observed between the second and third groups. The first cluster included highly stable genotypes.

The mushroom industry is one of the young and valuable industries. Since the establishment of the first edible mushroom production units, the quality and quantity of this product have been a major concern for the producers. Edible fungi, including Agaricusbisporus, are an important part of the diet in many countries. The formation of the sexual organs in the fungus requires the vegetative phase to be reproducible.Agaricusbisporus requires a layer of soil with specific physical, chemical and microbial properties to stimulate and initiate primordia.In this study, Azotobactersp. (1658PTTC) strains and Pseudomonas Putida(1694PTTC) strains were prepared from the microbial collection of the Iranian Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. Fungi were cultured on the compost at two concentrations of 1.5×10 8and 3×10 8CFU / ml. In conclusion, the results showed that in the case of Azotobacter,at least in the first flush (first harvest), the fungus had no significant effect on soil N content. It may become effective in the third flush where soil nitrogen levels decrease. However, Pseudomonas putida, at a concentration of3×108 CFU / ml in post-cold conditions, is able to increase crop yield by up to 50% in the first flash.

Water stress is one of the most important environmental factors that regulate plant growth and development, and limit production. Plants can respond and adapt to water stress by altering their cellular metabolism and invoking various defense mechanism. Manipulating the levels of antioxidative defence system may affect yield. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find out the relationship between gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and proline as an osmotic regulator in wheat cultivars under drought stress. For this purpose, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was carried out with three replications. Treatments were two Iranian wheat cultivars (Pishtaz and Niknejad) and three levels of drought stress. Drought stress resulted in a reduction of Chl a, Chl b, total Chl and yield in both cultivars. This reduction was lower in tolerant cultivar Niknejad. Drought stress led to an enhancement in proline content, the activity of CAT (Catalase), APX (Ascorbate Peroxidase) and SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) enzymes. The tolerance of Niknejad cultivar under drought stress is associated with high chlorophyll (Chlorophyll), proline contents which is closely related to its enzymatic antioxidants activity (including CAT, APX and SOD). Our results showed that drought stress resulted in an increase in the gene expression of CAT, APX and SOD enzymes as well as enhanced the expression of gene for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of proline (P5C5). Therefore, antioxidant enzymes and compatible osmolytes regulate plant yield mainly by modulating ROS with different mechanism.

 In order to evaluate genetic variation and relationship among 20 genotypes of sainfoin, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center of Isfahan, during 2015-2016. Results of variance analysis showed significant differences among the genotypes for all traits, in exception of number of nodes, lateral branches, leaflets and leaf width. PLC population had the highest forage yield (3179 kg/h). 9147 population was the second population for forage yield (2965 kg/h). Correlation coefficients showed that forage yield had a positive correlation with total stems, number of lateral branches, nodes, leaves and leaf and stem dry weight. Using principal component analysis, the first three components accounted for 72% of the total variation. Number of lateral branches, nodes, leaf, leaf and stem dry weight and wet and dry forage yield were the most important traits in the first component. Stem height, leaf width, leaf and stem percentages and leaf/stem in the second component and leaflets, total stems, lateral stem height and dry matter percentage in the third component were important. Genotypes were classified into 4 groups with distinct variations for forage yield.