جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "محیط کشت" در نشریات گروه "بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک گیاهی"

Yew plant is the main source of Taxol drug production. Paclitaxol with the brand name Taxol is the main drug in the treatment of various cancers. This plant has a long dormancy and difficult germination and due to the, high demand and indiscriminate harvesting in some areas, there is a risk of extinction of this very important plant. According to these conditions, it is necessary to use the biotechnology tools such as tissue culture and embryo culture to produce new seedlings for propagation and use them in other laboratory studies. In this research, first in the form of a completely randomized experiment design with 48 treatments and three repetitions, it was determined that the treatment of 21 days of keeping the seeds in water and growing them on ½ WPM. cultivation environments have the highest germination. In the next step, in order to shorten the germination time, the embryos were isolated in a sterile environment kept in sterile double distilled water on a refrigerated shaker for 5 days at a temperature of 4°C and cultured in two cultivation environments ½ WPM and ½ MS Variance analysis revealed that there is no significant difference between treatments in germination speed, so it can be concluded that young and fresh seedlings can be obtained in less time with this method.

Lipase enzyme is one of the important enzymes in food, detergent and textile industries. Also, today, industries related to this enzyme such as processing of organic materials, synthesis of biosurfactants, beverages and cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries have expanded significantly. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to optimize the activity of lipase enzyme and the variables of fermentation conditions containing grape juice substrate in Aspergillus niger culture medium.

In this research, for the first time, in order to achieve the maximum activity of the enzyme in the culture medium containing the carbon source of grape juice, the effective variables in the fermentation process of Aspergillus niger, i.e. temperature, acidity, concentration of grape juice and nitrogen source (yeast extract-peptone) with the help of Design Expert software was optimized.

The acidity equal to 7.5, the amount of concentration of grape juice and the combination of yeast extract and peptone (with a ratio of two to one) were obtained with 1.5 and 0.75%, respectively. Lipase activity after optimizing the conditions of the culture medium was equal to 17.694 U/ml.

Aspergillus niger records significant lipase activity in the culture medium with the factors of temperature, concentration of grape juice and yeast extract and peptone in its optimal amount and acidity equivalent to 7.5. Therefore, the carbon and nitrogen sources used in this research are suitable sources for use in the culture medium of this microorganism to produce lipase enzyme.

Geranium is one of the most economically important pot plants in the world and is widely used in landscape. In order to produce disease-free and homogenic plants, proliferation by tissue culture is one of the alternative methods for mass production of this valuable plant. The aim of this study was to achieve an efficient and rapid method for micropropagation of Geranium by comparing leaf discs, petiole, stem and root explants on MS and B5 media.

For callus induction, stem, leaf and root explants were cultured on MS basal medium with 11 different kinds of hormonal combination, containing auxin (NAA and IAA) and cytokinin (BAP, Kin and Zeatin) with various concentrations. For direct regeneration of stem, leaf and petiole explants, 10 different culture media were used in MS and B5. After shooting, the explants were transferred to B5 culture medium containing auxin (0.5 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l IAA) for root induction.

The best hormonal treatment for callus induction was 1mg/l NAA+10mg/l Kin by using stem and leaf explants as 92.5% and 88.75%, respectively. Also, the maximum fresh and dry weight of callus were related to stem explants on MS culture medium included 1mg/l NAA+10mg/l Kin, which were not significantly different from leaf explants on the same culture medium. The maximum percentage of direct regeneration and number of branches, respectively as 71.25% and 7.12 shoots, were related to stem explant on B5 medium containing 2mg/l BAP+1mg/l Zeatin, and the maximum shoot length, as 2.56 cm, was observed during direct regeneration in MS culture medium included 0.2 mg/l NAA+0.5 mg/l BAP+1 mg/l Zeatin. The shoots were successfully rooted and adapted to the environment.

The results of the present study were showed that the micropropagation of ornamental geranium plant is affected by the type of explant, the concentration of growth regulators and the type of culture medium and the stem explant is efficient in callus induction and direct regeneration.

Hairy root induction by Agrobacterium rhizogenes is a reliable method to increase P. oleracea medicinal compounds. The hairy roots in addition to high growth rates are genetically and biochemically stable. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is one of the valuable medicinal plants and has important secondary metabolites such as dopamine and noradrenaline. In this study, hairy roots of Purslane were produced by using Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4 and different concentrations of macro elements (0.5x, 1x, 1.5x, 2x and 2.5x concentrations of MS base medium) were investigated. For confirming hairy roots transformation, the presence of the rolB gene in the hairy roots was performed by PCR and using rolB genechr('39')s specific primers. The results show that maximum hairy root induction was observed by using 0.5x KNO3 (80 percentage). The highest phenolic content was obtained by using 0.5x KNO3 (4.52 mg/g DW) and also maximum flavonoid content, (18.2 and 17.02 mg/g DW respectively) was belonged to 0.5x and 1x KNO3. Molecular confirmation of transgenic hairy roots was done with PCR reaction.

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is an important medicinal plant from Asteraceae family; contain a number of valuable medicinal compounds. Hairy root induction by Agrobacterium rhizogenes are an effective method for production of secondary metabolites.

In this study, through first experiment, different concentrations of macro elements (0.5x, 1x, 1.5x, 2x, 2.5x and 3x concentrations of MS base medium) were investigated. In second experiment inoculation time was examined to establish an efficient transformation system for chicory. Molecular confirmation of transgenic hairy roots was done with PCR using gene-specific primers for rolB gene and also growth rate of hairy root lines obtained from different explants were investigated. Also the effect of hormonal elicitor and carbon source were studied in hairy roots growth.

The results show that maximum chicory hairy roots induction was observed by using 1x KNO3, 1.5x NH4NO3, 1x and 1.5x MgSO4, 1.5x CaCl2 and 0.5x KH2PO4 (45.66, 53.33, 46.66, 53.33 and 66.66). The highest phenolic content was obtained by using 1x KNO3, 2x NH4NO3, 1.5x MgSO4, 1.5x CaCl2 and 0.5x KH2PO4 (4.21, 4.33, 4.6, 4.58 and 4.84). Also 1.5x KNO3, 2x NH4NO3, 1x MgSO4, 1.5 CaCl2 and 0.5x KH2PO4showed maximum flavonoid content (17.25, 18.52, 17.22, 18.3, 17.96 mg g DW respectively).The observation confirmed that grow of hairy root lines were significantly different and Line C showed higher biomass (0.36 g). Also the results of experiments revealed that 1.5 mg l-1 NAA in combination with 3 and 4% sucrose were superior for highest fresh (1.96 and 1.72 g) weight.
 Conclusions

Hairy roots culture was developed as the innovative path for bulky production of secondary metabolites which find relevance in the pharmaceutical, food and flavor industries. The results indicated significant increases in hairy root induction and total metabolites content by ATCC15834 strain and 0.5x KH2PO4 co-culture MS medium.

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial shrub from the Asteraceae; native of Brazil and Paraguai. This Plant is containing sweet steviosides; rebaudioside and isostevol. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of diverse factors on induction and growth of hairy roots induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The seeds were surface sterilized and then cultured on solid MS medium under 250C and 16:8 h photoperiod. After germination and development of seedlings, the root, stem and leaf explant of three different ages (30, 60 and 90 days) were placed on NYA and LB suspension media. Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains (ATTCC15834, R1000 and C58) and acetosyringone were treated on the plant sample by floating and spray method for 72 hrs at 270C. The incubated explants were treated to remove any bacteria and were transferred to 1/2MS media containing 400 mgl-1 cefotaxime. To optimize the growing media for hairy root induction and growth, 1/2 MS medium was enriched with 3% sucrose and 0.2 mgl-1 Indole-3-butyric acid. The results revealed that all the Agrobacterium strains were effective on hairy root induction from root and leaf explant. The highest hairy root induction was belonged to NYA suspension medium co-cultured with 1/2 MS. Furthermore, for the roots proliferation, 1/2MS medium containing 1/5% sucrose was the selected one. Leaf clone (C2LA) stevia lines obtained from ATCC15834 strain had the highest growth.

Amaryllis is one of the ornamental bulbous plants, whose reproduction occurs slowly in natural conditions. Therefore, using tissue culture technique can be a suitable way to increase the multiplication rate of this ornamental plant.

In this study, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 5 replications. The effect of different concentrations of BA and Kin (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L) in combination with 0.1 mg/L NAA on regeneration of different twin scale type of amaryllis was evaluated. Explants were divided as twin scales and classified in 4 groups, so that the outermost twin scales was grouped in class 1 and the innermost twin scales was grouped in class 4.

The results showed that the diameter of produced bulblet was influenced by the position of the twin scales in the mother bulb. The twin scale group one, which was made from the outer layers of the bulb, produced thicker bulblets, while the twin scales group four showed the minimum average of this trait. However, the explants cultured in a culture medium containing 0.5 mg/l BA in combination with 0.1 mg/l NAA had the highest bulblet diameter.

Generally, the application of twin scales group 1 and MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l BA in combination with 0.1 mg/l NAA is recommended for regeneration and proliferation of Amaryllis twin scale explants.

Among species of hardwood forest trees, Eucalyptus citriodora is a fast growing plant that is cultivated for aromatic essential oils in perfumes, pharmaceuticals, and its soft and light wood in the paper and furniture industry. The micropropagation of E. citriodora Lemon-scented Gum was carried out in two medium culture of MS (1/2N) and WPM through bud culture. Sterilization was done using solutions of mercuric chloride 0.1% and sodium hypochlorite 20%. Shoot multiplication was done with cytokinin (BAP, Kin), auxin (IBA) and gibberellin (GA3) hormones and rooting with auxin hormones IBA, NAA and IAA in only MS (1/2N) medium. The shoot multiplication was assessed in two medium using factorial experiment based on the completely randomized design (CRD) and rooting multiplication in one medium using CRD. Propagation coefficient, shoot length, greenity, total root and rooted seedlings were measured. The best sterilization was immersion seeds in 20 % sodium hypoclorite solution in 18 min. The best propagation and shoot elongation was obtained in MS (1/2N) medium coupled with BAP, Kin, GA3 cytokinin hormones and auxin hormones IBA in 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.01 mgl-1 and 0.3, 0, 0.1, 0.01 mgl-1concentrations respectively by 200 mgl-1 P.V.P. The best rooting treatments were a modified MS (1/2N) medium, auxin hormone NAA and IBA+IAA in 1 mgl-1, 0.5mgl-1. These plantlets transferred to soil and were kept in the greenhouse conditions. The results of this study show that tissue culture is a suitable method for the propagation of this valuable species in a short time.

Propagation of seedless grape varieties by artificial seeds is important. In order to evaluate the effect of grape cultivars and medium on somatic embryogenesis and artificial seed production, an experiment was carried out based on completely randomized as a factorial design. Leaf explants of four grape varieties were cultured on 1/2 MS medium in four different levels of plant growth regulators. Results showed a statistically significant difference (1%) between the cultivars and levels of growth regulators for somatic embryogenesis. However, their interaction was not significant. The [3.8 mg/l TDZ + 0.2 mg/l NAA] composition showed the highest embryogenesis (65%). In addition, we investigated the effect of two combinations of artificial seed hydrogel capsules [(1/2 macro-elements of B5 medium and micro-elements of MS medium and 1st capsulation medium) and (macro-elements of B5 medium and micro-elements of MS medium and 2nd capsulation medium)] and four grape cultivars on artificial seed germination. Results showed that there were significant differences between grape cultivars (p<0.05) and capsulation media (p<0.01). Crimson Seedless cultivar had the highest artificial seed germination (65%) in 2nd capsulation medium. Mean comparison indicated that artificial seed germination in the 1st capsulation medium was more (52.62%) than 2nd capsulation medium (20.62%).

In order to investigation effects of culture media and growth regulators concentration on proliferation and rooting of Rosa damascena Mill cv " Kashan 2 an exprimment was conducted in factorial completely random design with five replication in Bojnourd branch,isalmic azad university in 2017. In the first stage, regeneration of shoots was investigated in response to the composition of the culture medium and hormonal composition. The factors included: levels of BAP in 5 levels (0, 0.5 , 1, 1.5, 2 mg/l) and NAA in three levels (0, 0.1, 0.5 mg/l) and medium culture (MS and WPM). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the culture of media and concentrations of growth regulator. The highest shoot length was observed in WPM medium. There is no significant difference between medium culture (MS and WPM) for regeneration and number of shoot. The interaction of two growth regulators showed that the highest shoot length belonged 2 mg / l of BAP and 0 NAA. The highest shoot length was obsereved in WPM culture medium and 1.5 mg/l BAP with 0.5 mg/l NAA. The highest number of shoots belonged to WPM and 2 mg/l BAP and 0.1 mg/l NAA. NAA growth regulator reduced the percentage of shoot regeneration. The highest percentage of shoot regeneration was observed at 2 mg/l BAP without NAA hormone in WPM medium and MS medium with 1 mg/l BAP and 0 NAA. In the second stage, the reaction of culture media to levels of IBA regulator (1.2 and 3 ml) investigated. The results showed that the highest indices of rooting belonged to MS medium and 1 mg IBA .

Dog rose (Rosa canina L.) is a medicinal plant. The fruits of this plant have many medicinal properties that are unknown to many people, especially in Iran. In vitro propagation of rose has a very important role in rapid multiplication of species with desirable traits and production of healthy and disease-free plants. Vitamins of media and plant growth regulators are one of the most important factors in the plant micropropagation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various concentrations of 6- Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and vitamins of media (MS and LS) on the proliferation of nodal segments of Rosa canina. This experiment was performed as completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangement. The results of this study showed that the highest percentage of proliferation (90%) and number of shoots (4.7) were observed in 0.5 mg/l BAP in MS medium vitamins. While the highest number of nodes (4.24) was obtained in 1 mg/l BAP in MS medium vitamins. As a general conclusion, the results of this study showed that MS medium vitamins have a better effect on proliferation of nodal segments of Rosa canina than LS medium vitamins.

Hyssops are herbaceous and perennial plants, belonging to the Lamiaceae family. In this experiment, callus production of two hyssop species (H. officinalis and H. angustifolius called common and local, respectively) was investigated using two culture media and different levels of plant growth regulators (PGR’s) to achieve the best culture medium and PGR combination for producing callus as a starting plant material for plant regeneration and secondary metabolite production. To do this, the seeds were cultured in MS medium and after 2 weeks shoots were placed on to the MS and B5 medium and PGR treatments (control, 0.5mg/L 2,4-D, 1mg/L 2,4-D, 0.2 mg/L NAA + 0.5mg/L 2,4-D, 0.2 mg/L NAA + 1mg/L 2,4-D) and incubated in a controlled environment. Then, the callus induction time and percentage of callus producing explants, fresh and dry weight of callus and callus color were recorded. The results showed that interaction between species, medium and PGR treatments was significant at 1% level. Meanwhile, mean comparison analyses showed that the highest amount of callus production in both evaluated hyssop species was observed in MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.2 mg/L NAA, in which the common hyssop showed calli after 6 days, while the local hyssop species started callusing after 11 days. According to this research, this PGR treatment is proposed for callus induction in both species. Given the importance of these medicinal speciesof hyssop especially the local one and probability of its extinction, these results can be used for protecting this valuable herb.

Calendula officinalis L. is a herbaceous plant which is used as a herbal and ornamental plant. Nowadays, different materials are being used as seedbeds, each of which has unique characteristics. The soil texture which is used for planting C. officinalis must facilitate easy ventilation. This experiment was carried out on the basis of a factorial experiment in completely randomized design (CRD) with 26 treatments and four replications. The first factor included the types of seedbed at 13 levels and the second factor encompassed two types of volume for the seedbed i.e., 42cc (with 70 cells) and 24cc (with 104 cells). The seeds were planted in two types of seedbed with perlite, cocopeat, and peatmoss content and different proportions. The measurement characteristic included root length, seedling height, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, and SPAD value. The result showed that the experimented treatments have a significant effect on most of the measured indices. According to the results of the effect of volumes and types of seedbed on the seedling of C. officinalis, the highest amount of leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, and total fresh weight were observed in the treatment of 25% cocopeat and 75% peatmoss with the volume of 42cc for the seedbed; and the greatest content of fresh and dry weight of stem were observed in the treatment of 25% cocopeat, 25% perlite, and 50% peatmoss with the volume of 42cc seedbed. Perlite and cocopeat are suitable for seedbed because of saving water and causing porosity.

This study was conducted in an attempt toinvestigatethe effect ofAuxinhormones (IBA & NAA) andthe cultivation mediumon the rootingofhardwood cuttings of Myrtus (Myrtuscommunis). Afactorialexperiment was arranged incompletely randomized designwith threereplications. The first factor included different concentrations (i.e., 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, & 4000mg/l)of Auxin hormone(i.e., IBA & NAA) andthe second factor comprised different types of cultivation mediums(Sand, Perlite, &SandplusPerlite). Traitssuch asthe rooting percentage, the numberof rootin cuttings, the length and diameter of root, fresh weight of root,andthelongestrootsweremeasured. The results showed that theAuxintreatment had a significant effectonall of the evaluatedtraits whereas the effect of the cultivation medium was significant only on the length of the root. The highestpercentage ofrootedcuttings, rootnumber, root length, root diameter, fresh weight,androot lengthwas obtained from3000 mg/l of IBA treatment. Drawing on the results of this study, a treatmentof3000 mg/l IBA andperlitemediumforrooting in Myrtuscuttingsis recommended.

Today, Karyotying studies are important to understand the genetic structure of animals. In the current research to evaluate the chromosomal structure of some Iranian native dogs, blood samples were collected from the Kurdi, Sarabi and samples of Alborz province. Blood samples were cultured in defined medium for 72 h at 37 ˚С. Then the cell divisions were stopped at metaphase stage and chromosomal specimens were prepared for karyotype analysis. Next, centromeric index, total length of chromosome, chromosomal arm ratios and relative length of chromosomes were analyzed and the ideograms were created. The results indicated that the dog genomes contain 78 chromosomes including 38 acrocentric pairs in each sex, a pair of metacentric X in males and females and one metacentric Y chromosome in males. The average relative length of the autosomal chromosomes ranges from 1.13 to 4.89 μm in males and 1.10 to 5.21 μm in females. The ANOVA of the chromosomal data indicated that significant (P≤0.05) differences in chromosomal parameters were observed in animals. The results indicate a bias of chromosome asymmetry in animals which could be related to evolutions of the canine chromosomal structures.

The hazelnut is one of the major world nut crops and Iran stands in eighth place of its word production. This plant usually is propagated by layering and seed propagation of hazelnut is done rarely owing to hard seed coat and internal dormancy of the seeds. In vitro seed germination can be useful to hazelnut propagation in short time and production of improved cultivars. In this experiment, the effects of light (darkness, light-darkness), pretreatment (cold and GA3), seed form (complete and halved seed) and medium (MS, 1412"> MS, WPM and RMS) have been investigated on seed germination, root length and shoot height. The results showed that seed germination of hazelnut occurred only in darkness and the culture of halved seeds after cold pretreatment on 1412"> MS had the maximum seed germination, while the highest root length (10.8 cm) was obtained by complete seed in MS medium and without pretreatment (control). Also, the maximum height of the shoots (6.9 cm) was obtained by complete seed in RMS medium and without pretreatment. Overall, in vitro culture of the hazelnut seeds, in comparison with classic seed culture in pot, improved the seed germination and the plant production.

Eucalyptus occidentalis is cultivated for its nectar and pollen in honey production، also due to its essential oils for medicinal aspects، tanin in leather industries and wood fibers in cosmetics and paper industries. Micropropagation of the species was evaluated by auxiliary bud culture in MS and GD culture medium using a factorial experimental model based on a completely randomized design. Seeds were immersed in water for 2 hours and 1% sodium hypoclorite solution for 18 minutes as the best treatment for surface sterilization. A modified MS medium containing cytokinines BAP، GA3 and IBA in 0. 5، 0. 15، 0. 01 mgl-1، respectively and 200 mgl-1 PVP was used. The best rooting treatment was a modified MS medium (1/2N) containing auxine، IBA in 2mgl-1. Plantlets were transferred to soil and kept in greenhouse conditions. The study showed that using an appropriate treatment in tissue culturing method، the valuable species could be propagated in a short time.

Aloe (Aloe littoralis) is important clinically and economically. This plant is native in Iran and natural and traditional of proliferation is very slow, in the result, needs of medicinal industry do not prepare. Aloe (A. littoralis) can proliferate from micropropagation technique rapidly. The subject of project is micropropagation of Aloe (A. littoralis) native in Iran. The terminal and axillary buds of explants cultured on media culture, MS with BAP (0.5 , 1, 2 mg/l) and IAA (0.5 , 1 mg/l). The largest number of shoot (1.25) and the highest length of shoot (1.13 cm) produced on MS medium culture with BAP (2 mg/l) and IAA (0.5 mg/l), the largest number of leaves (1.25) and root (2.32) and the highest length of root (4.66 cm) produced on MS medium culture with BAP (0.5 mg/l) and IAA (0.5 mg/l). Aloe micropropagation used low concentration of hormones, mother plants are native in south of Iran region, medicinal properties are common with aloe vera (Aloe barbedensis). In the results, cost of production is low and is better economically.

One of the main objectives of table grape breeding programs is producing new seedless hybrids with large, firm, high flavor berries and consistent with consumers taste. Abortion of zygotic embryo in seedless grapes largely limits the efficiency of seedless cultivars breeding. Since cytokinins are known to increase the sink strength of seeds for assimilates, the present investigation was conducted to study the influence of pre-bloom sprays of benzyladenine (BA) on ovule development and embryo rescue of two stenospermic grape cultivars (Askari and White Seedless).Concentrations of BA were 0, 60 and 100 ppm. Ovules of White Seedless, 20 days and Askari 40 days after flower opening were dissected out of berries and then cultured in Nitsch & Nitsch medium containing 1μM GA3, 1μM NAA, 2 g/l activated charcoal, 20 g/l sucrose and 8 g/l agar. Evaluated characteristics were ovule browning, callusing and germination. BA Spraying had no significant effect on ovules blacking but percentage of browned ovules were significant between examined cultivars and the highest ovule browning were observed in White Seedless cultivar. Effect of BA sprays whit 60 and 100 ppm concentrations were significant on callusing and ovules germination. Results showed the significant effect of cultivars on the percentage of germination ovules. Ovules germination was 23.71% in Askari cultivar and 14.44% in White Seedless. Finally pre-bloom sprays of benzyladenine (BA) increase successfully of embryo rescue technique in Askari and Bidaneh sefid Cultivars.