جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "گوسفند" در نشریات گروه "بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک گیاهی"

First lambing age and lambing interval are among the most important reproductive traits affecting profitability of sheep breeding systems. The present study aimed to conduct a genome wide association studies (GWAS) for identifying the loci associated with first lambing age and lambing interval in Zandi native sheep using the 50K arrays.

For this purpose, phenotypes records and genotypic data related to first lambing age and lambing interval were obtained from 96 Zandi sheep. Different steps of quality control and identification of independent SNP markers were performed by PLINK software. After quality control, 94 animals and 36070 markers were identified for further analysis. Genome wide association study was performed with reproductive traits using GEMMA software. Using the Genome Data Viewer software from NCBI database based on last assembly (ARS-UI_Ramb_v2.0) the SNP were assigned to genes if they were within the genomic sequence of the gene or within a flanking region of 300 kb up- and downstream of the gene. Finally, from online bioinformatics databases for the assignment of the genes to functional categories, DAVID and PANTHER databases were used.

In this research, seven SNP markers on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, 11 and 23 were identified. Also, we identified different sets of candidate genes related to reproductive traits: UMPS, ITGB, SMARCAL1, APAF1, UGT8 and ST8SIA5 in Zandi sheep. Some of the found genes, are consistent with some of the previous studies related to reproductive traits. Some of the genes were found are consistent with some previous studies and to be involved biological pathways related to fertilization, ovulation rate, estrogen biosynthesis, conception rate, skeletal muscle development, early development of the fetus and puberty.

The results of our research can be used to understand the genetic mechanism controlling reproductive traits and considering, this study supported previous results from GWAS of reproductive traits, also revealed additional regions, using these findings could potentially be useful for genetic selection in sheep for age at first lambing.

Cytochrome B plays a role in the electron transport chain, and as this gene leads to energy production in animals and increases efficiency, identifying the most effective factors on this gene and comparing the best applicable ligands in the electron transfer pathway can improve animal production and facilitate genetic studies. In this study, the interactions of protoheme and flavin mononucleotide in combination with cytochrome B were simulated using molecular docking to select the most effective ligand in electron transfer by comparing two practical ligands. The results of molecular docking and analysis using online servers showed that protoheme has the highest number of amino acids involved in electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions compared to flavin mononucleotide. Based on the obtained results of molecular docking, protoheme had the best binding energy and the best pose with the most negative energy and the largest number, indicating the best ligand-protein complex binding, compared to flavin mononucleotide, and it can be said that the higher number of interactions and bonds formed by the combination of protoheme with cytochrome B can confirm this claim. Arginine has a high positive charge and may have contributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds that may have increased electrostatic interactions in combining protoheme with cytochrome B. The cytochrome B protein-protein interaction network was predicted based on mitochondrial proteins, and 10 proteins with high potential node degree scores were identified.

Fennel from the Apiaceae family is one of the most important medicinal plants that has strong antimicrobial, liver protective and antioxidant properties and has been used by humans since ancient times. The results of various studies on domestic animals have proven that adding the fennel in the diet of animals, increases digestion and growth efficiency, It improves carcass efficiency and small intestine weight and length , improves performance and health status, and improves feed conversion and body weight. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fennel feeding on IGF1 gene expression in the rumen tissue of Kermani lambs for the first time.

In this research, 30 Kermani male lambs weighing 27.5 ± 0.45 kg (eight months old) were used. After the end of the study period, the investigated animals were slaughtered for sampling and the rumen weight was recorded. Total RNA was extracted from the rumen tissue and then cDNA was synthesized. The quality of RNA and cDNA was measured using electrophoresis on agarose gel. The Pfaffl et al. method was used to analyze the Real Time PCR data.

Empty rumen weight in animals fed with fennel (780 g) was lower than animals fed with diet without fennel (890 g) (P < 0.05). The extracted total RNA was of good quality, complete, and healthy, and had two bands with sizes of S28 and S18. Electrophoresis of the amplification results of target (IGF1) and reference (GAPDH) genes in rumen tissue on agarose gel showed that the band size for the target gene is 265 bp and for the reference gene is 76 bp. By increasing the level of feeding with fennel, there was a significant increase in IGF1 gene proliferation in rumen tissue (p<0.05). The maximum expression of IGF1 gene was when the animals were fed with a diet containing 2% fennel.

The findings of the present study show that fennel can be used with a beneficial effect on IGF1 gene expression in the rumen in the diet of sheep to improve production functions (by stimulating the growth and development of the rumen). Although according to the findings of the current research, it can be confirmed that fennel can be used for various purposes in sheep breeding, but in future research, in order to reach a definite result, it is better to consider diverse and more complex physiological and epigenetic conditions.

The present study aimed to conduct a genome wide association studies (GWAS) based on Gene-set enrichment analysis for identifying the loci associated with growth traits using the 50K arrays. For this purpose, phenotypes records and genotypic data related to birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), six month weight (6MW) and 12 month weight (12MW) were obtained from 240 Hu sheep. Genome wide association study was performed with growth traits using TASSEL software. Using the biomaRt2 package R the SNP were assigned to genes if they were within the genomic sequence of the gene or within a flanking region of 15 kb up- and downstream of the gene. For the assignment of the genes to functional categories, the GO, KEGG, DAVID and PANTHER databases were used. By Gene set enrichment analysis, the biological pathways and candidate genes of regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation  and actin filament polymerization (MYOD1 and IGFBP4), regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis, regulation of muscle system process and cell junction (BMP2, THBS1 and MYH10), regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development and regulation of anatomical structure size (FGF2, ANGPTL4, TGFBR3 and ACTR3), anatomical structure morphogenesis, positive regulation of ossification and cellular response to growth factor stimulus (MMP7, ACTA2, EGR1 and MYBPC3), for BW, WW, 6MW and 12MW were identified, respectively. The detected candidate genes played an important role in muscle structure development, glucose metabolism, Osteoclast differentiation, body size, skeletal muscle cell differentiation and regulation of ion calcium. These novel candidate genes identified in this study may be useful targets for clarifying our understanding of the molecular basis of growth traits in sheep. These results can provide new insight for future research into the genetic architecture of growth traits in sheep breeding program.

One of the most important costs of sheep breeding is feed and the concentrated part of the ration. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of different rates of concentrate and fodder in lambs.

27 Lori Bakhtiari male lambs with an average age of 75 days and a weight of 26kg were selected and divided into three treatments and nine replications. Treatment one was 55:45 concentrate to fodder, second treatment was 70:30 and third treatment was 15:85 and feeding was done individually in morning and evening. After the end of the 100-day period, blood sampling was done and all the lambs were slaughtered. The testicles were removed from the scrotum and after measuring the morphometric parameters, the testicular tissue sample with dimensions of 1x1cm was prepared in 10% formalin solution and tissue sections were prepared.

The results showed that the rate of concentrate and fodder made a significant difference in the macroscopic parameters of testicular tissue (P˂0.05). The weight of the testis in the treatment of three lambs decreased. In this treatment, the thickness of the coating of spermatogenic tubes, tube diameter, lumen diameter and tube area decreased. Also, the rate of hematocrit, red blood cells and hemoglobin of this treatment was significantly higher than other treatments (P˂0.05).

increasing the percentage of concentrate more than 70% will have a negative effect.

Reproductive traits (especially litter size at birth) is one of the most important economic traits in sheep breeding systems. The present study aimed to conduct a genome wide association studies based on Gene-set enrichment analysis for identifying the genomic region, candidate genes and biological pathways associated with Litter size in Zandi sheep breed. 

Prolific ewes with at least one twining record and others with only singleton records were genotyped using the medium-density Illumina Ovine SNP50 array. The gene set analysis consists basically in three different steps: the assignment of SNPs to genes, the assignment of genes to functional categories, and finally the association analysis between each functional category and the phenotype of interest. Genome-wide association study for litter size evaluated using Plink software method case-control. Using the biomaRt2 R package the SNP were assigned to genes. Subsequently, gene enrichment analysis was performed with the goseq R package and bioinformatics analysis was implemented to identify the biological pathways performed in GO, KEEG, DAVID and PANTHER databases. 

We identified different sets of candidate genes related to litter size: AFP, FOXO3, ESR1, ESR2, RBP4, AURKA, DLG1 and ZGLP1 in Zandi sheep. According to pathway analysis, 11 pathways were associated with the litter size trait. Among biological pathways, the Oocyte differentiation, Ovulation from ovarian follicle, Estrogen signaling pathway and Positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion pathways have significant association with ovulation rate and ovarian steroidogenesis traits. 

Considering, this study supported previous results from GWAS of  litter size, also revealed additional regions in the sheep genome associated with these economically important traits, presented here should be contribute to a better understanding of the genetic control of litter size in sheep and using these findings can accelerate the genetic progress in sheep breeding programs.

Mitochondria are an excellent source for explaining cytoplasmic inheritance because of their important roles in cell metabolism and because they are primarily inherited maternaly in animals. In domestic animals, various studies have reported an association between mitochondrial DNA polymorphism and production and reproduction traits. The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of ATPase6 and ATPase8 genes and their effects on the rates of in vitro maturation of oocytes (IVM) and in vitro culture of embryos (IVC) in Sanjabi sheep.

Blood and ovary samples of adult Sanjabi ewes were collected from Bistoon slaughterhouse located in Kermanshah. In the laboratory, after separating the excess tissue around the ovaries and washing them, a cumulus-oocyte complex with a diameter of more than 3 mm from the follicles was aspirated. 100 samples containing more than two oocytes were transferred to dishes containing in vitro maturation (IVM) medium. After the oocytes matured, fresh Sanjabi ram sperm were used for in vitro fertilization of each sample. For in vitro culture, putative zygotes formed in the previous stage were cultured in synthesized ovarian fluid medium for 48 hours. DNA extraction was performed using the salting out method. A 895 bp fragments of DNA containing ATPase6 and ATPase8 genes were amplified by PCR and the samples were genotyped using a modified SSCP method. The Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test was used to investigate the relationship between the observed genotype patterns and IVM and IVC rates.

The results of this study showed the existence of polymorphisms in the studied gene regions and five different band patterns A (50%), B (12%), C (9), D (21) and E (8%) were observed. Analysis of the relationship between these patterns and IVM and IVC showed no significant relationship between them (p>0.05).

Despite the observation of polymorphisms in ATPase6 and ATPase8 genes using the modified SSCP method, these polymorphisms had no effect on the rate of IVM and IVC.

Sheep are one of the most important farming animals in the world, which has a special role in providing protein materials, raw materials needed by related industries, and creating employment for a group of the population. The importance of fleece in textile production has led to extensive research into its genetic structure and basis since 1960s. Milk is a complete diet and contains nutrients necessary for the vital functions of the body and the main ingredient in dairy products. Sheepchr('39')s milk is no exception to this rule, especially in countries that lack fertile land. Sheep are the main source of milk production. To achieve high-quality products, we need to know the genes involved in the production of these products and their relationship with each other. Today, with access to genomic data, development and advancement of molecular techniques in addition to understanding the genetic context of economic traits, several functional genes related to these traits have been identified and comprehensive information about them has been providedthat by using the functional properties of these genes, the most use can be made of the genetic potential of the animal to obtain their products with the best qualitative and quantitative parameters. In this study, a comprehensive search of genes effective in milk and wool production in sheep around the world was conducted and then with STRING software, the relationship between genes involved in milk production, correlation between genes effective in wool production and the relationship between these two groups of genes was investigated. The results showed that the genes effective in milk production CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN3, LALBA, BTN1A1 and PRLR are in one cluster and the genes LEP, FASN, SREBF1, ACACA, LPL, SREBF2 and VLDLR are in the second cluster. The TLR4 gene links the two clusters. These results confirm the reported functions for the TLR4 gene. Genes involved in wool production including GPRC5A, KRTCAP3, NBEA, EPHA5, GCFC2, K1F16B, DDX47, TSPEAR, NLGN1, RHPN2, USP13, UBE2E3, CALN1, PAPOLA, PGM2L1, SRC and YWHAZ are in cluster 1 and genes VAV3, NRG3, KAP6-L, PITPNC1, BCO2, FAT1, NRXN1, ASIP, TYRP1, MITF, MC1R, KIT, DCT, TYR, FAM204A, EWSR1 and KRTAP11-1 are in the second cluster and are related. The identification of these genes is an important step toward the goal of increasing milk and wool yields and improves their quality.

The aim of the present investigate was to study the existence of confounding between dominance and additive genetic variance for two composite reproductive traits included total litter weight at birth per ewe exposed (TLWB1/EE) and total litter weight at weaning per ewe exposed (TLWW1/EE) at first lambing using data collected from 1991 to 2008 in the breeding station of Zandi sheep. Two animal models including model with additive genetic effects and model with additive and dominance genetic effects were considered for the estimation of variance components of the considered traits. For both TLWB1/EE and TLWW1/EE the differences between estimated additive genetic variance under both considered model were negligible; implying no confounding between additive and dominance genetic variance. The estimated values of dominance genetic variances for both TLWB1/EE and TLWW1/EE were higher than the estimated values of additive genetic variances. Rank correlations between the estimated breeding values under both tested models and between total genetic and estimated breeding values under model including additive and dominance genetic effects were low and medium in magnitude, respectively. The obtained results revealed that in spite of no confounding between additive and dominance genetic effects for the studied traits animals were ranked differently under the both tested models. Goodness of fit measures revealed that taking dominance genetic effects into account should be considered in the models used for increasing accuracy of genetic evaluation for these traits.

The aim of this study was to map loci affecting live weight and body size in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep and identification of biomarkers linked to growth rate in sheep. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage analysis in a Lori-Bakhtiari sheep population was conducted using the regression-based interval mapping method. The mapping population consisted of 162 animals related to 5 paternal half families. Phenotypic data were measurements of birth weight (BW), weight at one month of age (W1), weaning weight (WW), weight at six months of age (W6), chest circumference (HG6), body length (BL6), wither height at six months of age (HT6), weight at nine months of age (W9) and yearling weight (W12). Five sires and their progeny were genotyped for microsatellite markers in a candidate region on sheep chromosome 1. Data were analyzed in two phases, individual family analysis and combined family’s analysis using a single-QTL model. Analysis based on individual families revealed QTL related to W1 (210.6 cM), near INRA011 marker segregating in the second family. In the third family, QTL affecting W1 and WW were identified at 252.6 and 223.6 cM, nearby MCM137 and LSCV105 markers, respectively. In addition, in the fourth family, a QTL underlying W1 was detected at 256.6 cM near LSCV105 marker. Combined analysis of all the families resulted to the identification of a QTL associated with W1 at position 254.6 cM relative to the centromere near the LSCV105 marker. There were two strong candidate genes close to the location of the detected QTL, the transferrin and PIT1 genes, thus these genes may account for the observed QTL effects for growth traits in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep.

For economic reasons as well as animal breeding of farm animals, fertility rate is of particular importance. Bone morphogenetic protein15 (BMP15) is one of the genes that associated with fertility in sheep. BMP15 is located on the X chromosome and one of the X chromosomes is inactivated in female mammals because of dosage compensation comparing to males. This study aimed to evaluate the methylation status of BMP15 promoter on the inactive X chromosome. To do this, samples were taken from ovaries of 22 nonpregnant, and 8 pregnant ewes. DNA and RNA was extracted from the follicles. Using specific primers for the bisulfite converted DNA and wild type, DNA, the methylation status of the cytosine was investigated. Expression of this gene in pregnant and nonpregnant group was also studied. Results showed that promoter of BMP15 is not methylated even in inactive chromosome and unlike most genes in this chromosome escapes from methylation. This shows that despite the inactivation of one of the X chromosomes, both alleles of this gene in mutant homozygous individuals are active and this resemble the functional pattern of the genes that are located on autosomal chromosomes. Expression of the gene in different physiological steps supports this. Results showed that mRNA expression of the gene among pregnant and nonpregnant groups was not significantly different. It seems that, inactivating an allele of BMP15 in early life of animal permanently will make the mutant homozygotes to be fertile.

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is a microsomal enzyme that accelerates the final stage of the synthesis of triglycerides, means converting diacylglycerol to triacylglycerol. The aim of this study was to investigate polymorphism in exon 17 of the DGAT1 gene and their associations with milk fat percentage in Kurdi sheep breed in Hussein Abad breeding station of Shirvan. Hence, milk records of 100 ewes were randomly selected and milk fat percentage was measured by Total Eco milk device. Indeed, ewe DNA was extracted and amplified by specific primers for a 309 bp fragment of exon 17 of this gene. Genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP digested with AluI endonuclease enzyme. Frequencies of C and T alleles were 0.65 and 0.35, respectively. Statistical analysis was conducted by GLM procedure of SAS 9.1 software and showed significant association of genotypes with milk fat percentage (P

Microsatellites are widely used for designing of gene mapping, genetic distance estimation and evaluation of different animals. The aim of present study was investigation of association of microsatellite markers polymorphism with production and reproduction traits of Sanjabi sheep. Blood samples were randomly collected from 78 ewes and 22 rams of Sanjabi sheep and transported to laboratory. After extraction of DNA by salting out method, 11 microsatellite loci (GC101, LSCV043, TGLA377, CSSM47, OarFCB128, OarAE101, BM1329, BM143, OarHH55, OarHH35 and OarHH64) were amplified by specific primers and polymerase chain reaction. By electrophoresis of productions on 8% polyacrylamide gel, different alleles were recognized and then data were analyzed by using of software program SAS 9.1 and POPGENE. The mean of number of observed and effective alleles were 5.82 and 4.05, respectively. PIC amount of markers was in range of 0.63 (TGLA377) to 0.82 (OarHH35). The mean of observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.64 and 0.77 in between loci, respectively. Also, the statistical analysis showed that genotypes associated with markers TGLA377, CSSM47, OarFCB128, OarHH35, OarHH55 and OarHH64 have had a significant effect (P

Bone morphogenetic protein receptor-1B is one of the major genes significantly affect ewe ovulation rate. The aim of this study was to screen exon 8 of BMPR1B in single- and twin-birth ewes of Iranian Lori-Bakhtyari, Shal, Ghezel, and Afshari breeds. DNA was extracted from blood of ewes and rams from numerous sheep flocks and the genotype patterns were screened by PCR-SSCP approach. Results of SSCP analysis showed that there are three genotypic patterns in the four above-mentioned breeds. The highest abundant pattern and the lowest pattern were pattern 1 (73 %) and pattern 2 (8 %), respectively, in the whole flocks. There was a significant difference between these three genotypic patterns in terms of litter size attribute, so that ewes harboring Pattern 2 had the highest litter size average (1.7 lamb per parturition) while ewes carrying Pattern 3 had the lowest litter size average (1.4 lamb per parturition). Furthermore, the PCR amplicon from exon 8, containing these genotypic patterns, were sequenced. The sequencing results of candidate samples from different classes of SSCP showed that there were four new mutations in BMPR1B of Iranian sheep. Three of these mutations were nucleotide conversions, including G812T, T854A, and C855A mutations which caused to tryptophan to lysine (W219L), phenyl alanine to tyrosine (F233Y), and phenyl alanine to lysine (F233L) conversions, respectively. More importantly a C nucleotide insertion mutation corresponding to 855 nt of BMPR1B CDs was also observed which can cause to producing a stop codon at 266 amino acid position and consequently a dysfunctional polypeptide. In conclusion, these results clearly indicate the presence of important mutation in BMPR1B in Iranian sheep breeds which can significantly affect ewe fecundity attributes.

Indigenous races in each country are as a national capital and strategic product in the economy and prosperity of the country that maintenance of these races are very valuable . Due to the importance of maintaining diversity and identification of genetic resources in indigenous breeds, five breeds of Iranian sheep population (Arabi, Arman, Dalagh, Karakul and Lory) using four microsatellite markers (McMA2, McMA26, OarHH35 and BM6444 ) was evaluated in terms of genetic diversity.0T 0TGenomic DNA was extracted from 225 blood samples by0T 0Toptimized salting-out DNA extraction procedure. The PCR reactions were successfully performed with all primers. The results showed that all loci were quite polymorph. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test using chi-square test showed that some various combinations of loci-population were in a state of Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (P

Calpastatin have role in regulation muscle growth and meat tenderness after slaughter that its coding gene located on ovine chromosome 5. Studies have shown that this gene is polymorphic in many breeds of sheep and is related with weight gain and carcass traits. This is the result of a single base pair substitution in the Calpastatin gene that is recognized by MspI and NcoI restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) method and can be use as genetic marker in animal breeding. The aim of this study was to analysis of genotype distribution of Calpastatin gene in sheeps by MspI/RFLP method. Blood samples were taken from 37 sheeps (65 Ghezel, 4 Arkhamerino and 30 their F crossbreds). Genomic DNA was extracted from 50ul blood sample. Gel monitoring and spectrophotometer methods were used to determination quality and quantity of DNA. Primers ovine Calp-R and ovine Calp-F amplified a 570 bp fragment of the ovine Calpastatin gene. MspI enzyme was used for restricting of PCR products. Digested products were separated by electrophoresis on. 5% agarose gel and visualized after staining with ethidium bromide on UV transilmination. Data analysis was done using PopGen3 software (ver..3). Frequency of M-allele in Ghezel, Arkhamerino and their crossbreds were 69%, 48% and 50%, respectively. The sheep populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and it was concluded that breeding based on selection for Calpastatin gene was not done.

An investigation was conducted in order to determine the tick species of sheep body surface and their seasonal population variations in Azarbayejan-e-qarbi province from March 006 to April 007. Sampling was done from overally 800 sheep of both sexes, from cities and their suburbs of the province. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS computer software. The results revealed that 4 (.44%) sheep was infested by hard ticks. The highest percentage of the sheep tick infestation was observed in Miandoab area during June 006, while lowest percentage was in shahindegh area during February 006. There was a significant difference (p<0.005) in the tick population of sheep during the seasons and months of the year. Out of 00 ticks were collected on sheep and were identified as: Hyalomma anatolicum anatolium (6.7%), Rhipicephalus bursa (4.8%), Dermacentor marginatus (.75%), H. a. excavatum (8.4%), Boophilus annulatus (.%), Haemaphysalis punctata (.8%), Hae. sulkata (%) and Rhipicephalus sanguinus (0.8%). The difference of tick site preference was significantly noticeable. Distribution of ticks over different parts of sheep body surface according to their frequency were as follow respectively: under the tail (fat) (46%), groin (%), head and meck (5%), on the breasts (%).