جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « seed yield » در نشریات گروه « بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک گیاهی »

Soybean is the promising oilseed in the face of protein and oil shortage. In this study 16 advanced soybean genotypes, in terms of seed yield and yield components were evaluated using multivariate statistical methods. This experiment was carried out in the form of randomized complete block design (RCBD) in the research farm of Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center (Moghan) for two consecutive years (2017-2018). Combined analysis of variance emphasized the statistically significant differences for seed yield, yield components and growth period among these soybean genotypes. Based on the mean comparison results, G1, G5 and G11 genotypes had the highest grain yield, longest growth period was observed in G1, G16 and G6 genotypes and highest number of seeds per m2 was belonged to G1, G16 and G9 genotypes. The broad sense heritability for plant height, seed yield and number seed in m2 were 0.92.07, 75.31 and 79.25 percentage, respectively. Also, the results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between seed yield and leaf area of per plant, growth period, number of seeds per m2 and number of pods per plant. Genotypes were classified into four distinct groups in cluster analysis and the Ward method. The results of principal component analysis and biplot confirmed by the clustering results, too.G1, G2, G5 and G11 genotypes belong to the first group from cluster analysis with higher seed yield and number of seed per m2, and these genotypes are recommended in future breeding programs.

Genetic diversity is key to breeding programs and increasing selection efficiency. In this study, 19 promising advanced lines (F7 generation) along with two cultivars, Dalgan and, RGS003 were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three experimental field stations (Gorgan, Sari and, Zabol) during the 2020–2021 growing season. The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations was found for number of lateral branches and number of pods per plant, respectively. The highest broad sense heritability was estimated for days to end of flowering, and days to start of flowering and the lowest broad sense heritability was estimated for the plant height. The genotypes G16, G18, G15, G1, G2, G5, and G20 with a higher SIIG values as well as a higher seed yield above average were introduced as superior genotypes with respect to yield and other agronomic traits. Therefore, these genotypes can be used for further testing, including adaptation tests. Also, the results of factor analysis and genetic correlation coefficients indicated a positive relationship between number of lateral branches, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod with seed yield and seed yield. Generally, it can be concluded that number of lateral branches, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod traits could be used as the appropriate criteria to select for increasing seed yield in rapeseed breeding programs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variation of 26 selected genotypes of Phalaris aquatica L. based on important agronomic traits. Each selected genotype was divided into four clones and they were space planted according to a randomized complete block design with four replications under irrigation conditions in the Khalatposhan research station of Tabriz University, Iran. Data collection was started in March 2017 for two years. The results of analysis of variance showed significant differences among the studied genotypes for most traits (P<0.01). Accordingly, the mean comparisons of the traits among genotypes were conducted. Using principal component analysis (PCA), the first two components were accounted 66% of the total variation. The traits like forage yield in both cuts, crown diameter, plant height, and seed yield had the most important role in determining the first component. Based on cluster analysis, the 26 genotypes were grouped into four distinct groups. Based on the mean comparison results, principal component, and cluster analyses, 12 genotypes with the highest forage and seed yields in both years were selected as superior genotypes. Therefore, this population provided a suitable genetic source for breeding improved varieties using polycross progeny tests and breeding improved synthetic variety.

Given the limitations of the soil application of micronutrients (such as fixation and the residual effects), spraying or foliar feeding is an effective way for compensating the nutritional need of the plants to the micronutrients. In an attempt to explore the impact of zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate spraying on yield and the agronomic characteristics of canola varieties (Brassica napus L.) in paddy, a factorial experiment following a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in the research field of the Rice Research Institute of Rasht in 2009. The factors in this study included the application of micronutrients at four levels (zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, combined use of zinc and manganese sulfates, and their zero application) and the varieties at three levels (Hyola 401, Hyola 308, and RGS006). The results indicated that micronutrient fertilizer had a significant effect on the plant height, the number of pods per plant, the length of the pods in the main and side stems, the number of seeds in the pods, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, harvest index, and oil yield. The varieties significantly affected the plant height, the number of pods in the plant, the number of seeds in the pod, 1000 seed weight, and seed and oil yield. However, the interaction effect of the experiment treatments was only significant in the number of pods in the plant, the number of seeds in the pod, and oil percentage. The results revealed that the number of pods in the plant and the number of seeds in the pod were the highest in the treatment of the combined use of zinc and manganese sulfates in Hyola401 variety. The maximum amount of oil yield was obtained from the combined use of zinc and manganese sulfates Hyola401 with an average of 1146 kg per hectare.

In order to study the effect of surface and local irrigation (Tape) methods on yield and water use efficiency of three common bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in different planting patterns, a split split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Khoramdareh region, Iran in 2011 and 2012. Khomain, Talash and COS16 cultivars were planted in sub sub plots, furrow and without furrow were placed in sub-plots and surface and local irrigation (Tape) methods were considered as levels of the main factor. Results showed that tape irrigation increased seed yield up to 28% in comparison to the surface irrigation in pinto common bean cultivation. Khomain and COS16 produced 36% and 32% more yield than Talash cultivar, respectively. It was duo to higher seed number per plant in COS16 and higher 100 seed weight of Khomain cultivar. COS16 showed a better response to local irrigation and furrow planting pattern, because it has type I (erect type) growth form. The response of cultivars to irrigation methods and planting patterns was different, so that the highest seed yield was obtained from Khomain cultivar with tape irrigation and without furrow (3329.8 kg/ha), Khomain cultivar with tape irrigation and furrow (3020 kg/ha) and COS16 cultivar with tape irrigation and furrow (3010.4 kg/ha). The highest value for water use efficiency 1.12 kg/m3) was obtained by local irrigation (Tape). In tape irrigation method, volume of used water was 32% lesser than the surface irrigation and seed yield was increased more than 28%. All cultivars produced higher yield in tape irrigation method, but they showed different responses to the planting pattern.

The effect of irrigation intervals، humic acid and plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (Azotobacter، Azospirillum pseudomonas) was studied on yield and yield components of wheat (Kavir cultivar) in Fashafuyeh region، Iran in 2010-2011. Experiment was carried out as split factorial based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. Main Factor was irrigation at three levels (irrigation after 80، 120 and 160 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan) and humid acid and plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria at two levels of application and non-application were considered as sub-factors. The result indicated that water stress significantly decreased seed yield duo to a decreased seed numbers per spike. Water stress also decreased biological yield، significantly. Application of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria significantly effected seed yield and harvest index percentage. Besides، application of humid acid increased spike number per unit area and biological yield in high stress condition (irrigation after 160 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan). According to the results، application of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria and humid acid as two important biological fertilizers can reduce inverse effect of water deficit stress on yield and yield components of wheat.

In an attempt to investigate the effect of different moisture treatments and nitrogen levels on the seed yield of Hashemi Tarom rice (Oryza sativ L.), a field experiment was carried out in 2009 in Neka, Mazandaran. The study was conducted in strip split slots with 4 replications following CRBD design. The main factor, i.e. the moisture treatments including waterlogging I1(control), irrigation disruption at tillering stages I2 (15 days), flowering stage I3 (15 days), and the seed filling stage I4 (15 days), and the peripheral factor, i.e. the four nitrogen levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg of nitrogen per hectare) in the form urea, were applied. The analysis of variance indicated that the irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on the seed yield, fertile florets, floret sterility, and the number of fertile tillers. The results of the Duncan test (at P<0.05) revealed that the waterlogging treatment along with the consumption of 150 kg of nitrogen resulted in the highest increase in the total yield and yield components; hence, were placed in group a. Furthermore, it was found that the interaction effect of irrigation and nitrogen levels was significantly different in all of the traits of the fertile florets, the sterile florets, the panicle length, and the fertile tillers. The results indicated that despite the high degree of water consumption, the waterlogging method appears to be the most efficient method for rice irrigation.

To investigate the effect of water stress on Euroflour hybrid of sunflower, an experiment was conducted in research field of Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University. Experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Water stress levels were irrigation after 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm evaporation from class A pan. Based on the results, grain yield decreased 25%, 29%, 42% and 51% at irrigation after 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm evaporation traetments in comparison to the control (irrigation after 50 mm evaporation), respectively. Besides, oil yield percentage reduced up to 30%, 36%, 54% and 62% at irrigation after 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm evaporation treatments compared to the control, respectively.Increasing water stress decreased head diameter, 100 seed weight, seed kernel weight, number of filled seeds per head, biomass, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, relative water content, and oil percentage. Water deficit, on the other hand, increased seed hollowness and stomatal resistance. So, Euroflour is a susceptible sunflower cultivar to water deficit and any delayed irrigation will decrease yield through decreasing 100 seed weight and number of filled seeds per head which are the most important components of grain yield in sunflower.

Effects of chemical and organic fertilizers combinations on yield, yield components, seed oil and protein percentage of two canola cultivars were studied. The experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Azerbaijan-e-Sharqi province of Iran in 2010. The first factor comprised seven levels of organic and chemical fertilizers and their combinations including: non cattle manure and non urea (control), 100% cattle manure (organic), 80% cattle manure and 20% urea (combined), 60% cattle manure and 40% urea (combined), 40% cattle manure and 60% urea (combined), 20% cattle manure and 80% urea (combined) and 100% urea (chemical) and the second factor was two canola cultivars (Okapi and Modena). The results showed that the highest yield, yield components, oil and protein percentages were obtained from a combination treatment, application of 20% cattle manure along with 80% urea (96 kg/ha), that was differed significantly from other chemical treatments for seed yield and number of seeds per pod. Therefore, application of this treatment could be recommended because it leading to a higher yield with lower chemical fertilizer application. Besides, variety okapi was superior to Modena based on the measured characteristics.

This experiment was carried out in order to investigate the effect of plant density on yield of two soybean cultivars as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Khazarabad, Sari region in 2007. Factors were plant distance at three levels (5, 10 and 15 cm), row distance at two levels (40 and 50 cm) and two cultivars (Sahar and Sahel). Results showed that the effect of plant distance, row distance, cultivars, interaction of plant distance and cultivar, interaction of plant distance and row distance and triple interaction of plant distance, row distance and cultivar was significant on seed, oil and protein yields. The maximum yield (5681 kg) was observed for interaction of plant distance of 5 cm and row distance of 40 cm. The most grain yield (6569 kg) was produced at plant distance of 5 cm and row distance of 40 cm for Sahel cultivar and the least grain yield (4796 kg.ha-1) was produced by plant distance of 15 cm and row distance of 50 cm for Sahel cultivar. However, the most oil percentage (54.57%) were obtained at plant distance of 15 cm and row distance of 50 cm in Sahel cultivar and it was 57.54% for Sahar cultivar at plant density of 5×50 cm. Therefore, the highest grain yield was produced for Sahel cultivar at plant density of 5×40 cm and for Sahel cultivar at density of 15×40 cm.
In conclusion, row and plant distances and the type of cultivar had significant effect on yield and yield components of soybean at Sari condition, so that each cultivar produced higher yield in a specified density.

Selection of cultivars with high genetic potential and favorable climatic adaptation in each region and exact planting date for maximum utilization of effective factors growth are the necessary management for improvement of soybean yield. Therefore, the effect of planting dates of 19 May, 29 May, 8 June and 18 June on yield and yield components of four intermediate soybean cultivars i.e. Williams, Zan, L17 and M7 was carried out in a split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with four replicates. Using analysis of variance showed that planting date cultivar affected on all traits at one percentage level was significant (P<0.01) planting date on 19 May had the most effect on the traits and the cultivars cultivated on 18 June had the least yield. cv. Williams had the highest values for all of traits.cv. L17 had the least seed and pod numbers, protein and oil yield and cv. Zan had the least seed and pod yield and pod shell weight. Interactions of the factors showed that cv. Williams had the most pod and seed numbers per square meter on 19 May. cv. Williams had the most protein yield (107/3 kg /ha), oil yield (40 kg/ha), seed yield (251.5 kg/ha) and pod yield (356.5 kg/ha) on 29 May.

Effects of plant population and nitrogen application was studied for the agronomical traits and growth indexes of castor. A split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out at Esmaeilabad Educational Center of Ghazvin Province in 2006. Different nitrogen amounts were applied included four nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80, 120 kg/ha) and different plant density included 2.5, 4 and 5.5 plants/m2. The results revealed that the highest and the lowest yield and oil obtained where 120 kg and 0 kg nitrogen per hectare were applied, respectively. Plant densities revealed significant differences for all characteristics. The highest and least yield and oil obtained from 5.5 and 2.5 plants/m2, respectively. The intraction of nitrogen and plant density showed a significant effect on characteristics such as weight of claster, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per square meter, weight of 1000 seeds, and seed yield. The highest weight of claster, the high number of seeds per plant and high weight of 100 seeds resulted in the interaction of the plant density of 2.5 plants/m2 and 120 kg/ha. The lowest values were belonging to the density of 5.5 plants/m2 and no nitrogen applied. High number of seeds/m2 and high yield were resulted from the interaction of density of 5.5 plants/m2 and 120 kg nitrogen/ha. Consequently, 120 kg/ha notrogen fertilizer with 5.5 plants/m2 are recommended for high yield and high oil content.

For evaluation of seed yield and its components in Iranian cold region adapted alfalfa ecotypes and determination of suitable ecotype/ecotypes, an experiment was conducted with 25
ecotypes using randomized complete block design with three replications at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Azarbayejan-e- Sharqi for four years. Significant differences were found among ecotypes for characters such as 1000 kernel weight, seed yield, length of inflorescence, number of pods and flowers per inflorescence and seeds number per pod, province of Iran plant height, non violet flowers percentage, and pod yield. This variation can be used to select superior genotypes within the valuable ecotypes to improve synthetic varieties. Based on the measured traits, cluster analysis grouped ecotypes in three clusters. Ordu-Bad ecotype produced 810 Kg/ha seeds and had the highest seed yield, and the lowest value belonged to Sahand- Ava ecotype with 259 Kg/ha. Based on the results of this research, Ordu- Bad ecotype can be introduced as a ecotype that would be useful for improving alfalfa synthetic variety.