جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "پرسشنامه" در نشریات گروه "جنگلداری"

 Forest health indicators encompass a wide range of physical environmental indicators, including climatic and ecological measurements, as well as records on human actions and management practices in forest ecosystems. This study aims to investigate the relationship among the forest health indices in the mixed-beech forest type, including tree diversity, crown condition, stem condition, deadwood, and regeneration in the forest landscape in the Masouleh watershed, Guilan province.

 In this study, the relationship among indices of forest health in the study area was investigated using an integrated approach of DEMATEL-ANP (DANP). Data collection was conducted through two researcher-made questionnaires, whose validity and reliability were examined through content validity and the retest method, respectively. Finally, the most important input indicators, based on experts’ views, were ranked by DEMATEL and output indicators by ANP. A sample of 12 experts was used in this study.

 The results of DEMATEL indicate the importance of the regeneration index in the forest health status in the study area. This index (regeneration) was recognized with the highest influence ratio among others. In addition, two indicators, tree diversity and deadwood, had a high influence ratio among other investigated indices. Also, tree diversity and crown condition indices were the most influential ones. Based on the ranking results of criteria in ANP, the tree diversity criterion has a more important effect on forest health compared to other criteria. In addition, healthy seedling, crown dieback, and standing deadwood are among the most important sub-criteria compared to other sub-criteria in the study area.

 These results can play a significant role in increasing awareness about the factors affecting the health of forests and the causes of unhealthy forests. They can also assist policymakers in identifying appropriate measures to maintain and improve forest health, thereby increasing the sustainability of forest ecosystems.

Wetland mangrove forests, are one of the unique ecosystems that provide a wide range of functions and ecosystem services such as food production, water purification and cleansing as well as providing the habitat and nursery grounds for birds and the other aquatic organisms. Despite the numerous and unique values, these ecosystems are now subject to a diversity of pollutions and threats caused by human activities, have become sensitive ecosystems with severely in need of protection. To achieve this goal- the WTA of local communities living in the areas adjacent to these forests was evaluated based on data derived from questionnaire surveys. The CVM questionnaires with dichotomous choice format were carefully designed with WTA measure and local people were asked about their preferences for reduction of access to Hara forests under hypothetical scenarios in which they would receive monetary compensation for lessening or forgoing forest utilization. The results of binary logit model for CVM survey data showed that 99 percent of respondents willing to accept a reduction in their forest utilization and participate in the protection programs. The mean WTA estimated 2110274 Rial/household/day (63308220 Rial/month).

Due to lack of scientific information regarding to health and safety and in spite of the accidents and health problems of forest workers, this study was carried out on forestry workers of Shafaroud forest company in the west forest of Guilan province. Occupational health and safety, job satisfaction and cumulative fatigue symptoms of forest worker and effective factors on them were analysed by questionnaire. For this purpose, 100 workers were randomly selected and their response were gathered by interview method. 54 percent of workers were hurt on the job and the majority of them were felling and skidding workers. Although the use of safety devices are necessary to prevent the accidents, 20% of workers did not have the personal protective equipment. The employee job satisfaction in working groups were compared using Friedman test. The results showed that the felling and skidding workers had the highest dissatisfaction index compared with others. The most important reasons for worker dissatisfaction were the low wages and heavy work. Age, work experience, and type of work were the most important factors having a negative impact on job satisfaction. The study result for cumulative fatigue symptoms index showed that the value of feelings of anxiety and depression of psychological aspects and physical disorders, general fatigue from the physical point of view, were more than the standard values.

In Iran Zagros forests, forest dwellers on forest and forest products overdependence understanding of socio-economic issues in order to prevent and even reduce forest degradation is essential. The aim of this study was to investigate some forest dwellers livelihood dependence on forest resources in the northern part of city functions Kouhdasht is Namjoo watershed. For this purpose, the household data collection questionnaire and interview with the forest residents, Statistical Center of Iran, and the information contained in VA village and County of Kouhdasht were used. The results showed that local people's income is less than their cost. This caused the locals to cover their living costs to cultivate their unauthorized forest understory. This contribution is causing deforestation and degradation. The relationship between income and household expenses using the Pearson test showed that there are no significant correlation between them (R2 = 0.041; p = 0.784). Also, the results have proved that the relationship between the dependent and the income derived from forest are no significant (R2 = 0.327; p = 0.36).

Now a day، the results of researches clear the importance of using indigenous knowledge in sustainable development. The goal of the currents study is to identify tree and shrub species for livestock feeding، based on indigenous knowledge for planting these species in degraded rangeland. To achieve the goal a list of trees and shrubs characteristics in the Kohkiluye-va-BoyerAhmad province was developed. BoyerAhmad tribe considered as the statistical population in this study، because this tribe is the largest nomadic tribe in the province and resides in various geographical region in each season. Dataset were collected using a questionnaire. Univariate statistical analysis and frequency distribution graphs were used for statistical analysis. Using random sampling method and Cochran''s formula، the sample size was calculated to be 36. Questionnaire''s topics were based on following factors: livestock preference values، favorite parts of plant (leaves، branches and fruits)، geographic distribution of the species (in cold، hot and temperate climates)، consumption season and finally type of livestock (sheep or goat). The results based on the local users'' expressions indicate higher consumption of livestocks from Pyrus globra، Quercus brantii، Pictasia khinjuk، Amygdalus lycioides and Acer monspessulanum due to better palatability and availability in comparison to the other species. Most consumed species، moreover، belonging to the cold climate، such as Salix sp، Popolus euphratica، Crataegus pontica and Pyrus globra. All the studied species are consumed by goat better than sheep. By introdiucing fowllowing species in degraded rangeland، not only can we protect forest species، but we also can increase rangeland production and promote its quality. The useful consequences of using indigenous knowledge in different programs and its rolls in developing cooperational guidance will increase the interest of planners and deciecion makers in conserving natural ecosystems.

Intentional and unintentional fire occurrences are known as main threat factors of Zagros forests which destructed wide areas of these forests in recent years. Investigating and offering management solutions in this respect can play a controller role in tackling this crisis. The aim of the study was to identify and evaluate the most important factors influencing forest firefighting techniques in Marivan forests، using SWOT technique. Due to variation of fire control management solutions، they were classified into two categories، risk and crisis management. Identification and specification of the affecting criteria on fire control was employed، using an open answer-sheet method، based on stockholder analysis. Then the obtained results of SWOT technique were quantified by AHP approach. Results showed that employment generation and income، on-time accessibility and staff efficiency (overall weight of 0. 106، 0. 069 and 0. 068، respectively) were identified as the most important factors affecting crisis management solutions. Furthermore، prevention of fire expanse in forest، action speed and possibility of job generation (overall weight of 0. 123، 0. 120 and 0. 118، respectively) were identified as the most important solutions for risk management. It is recommended to: 1- reconstruct and improve the local societies morale to their surrounding environment، 2- develop the villagers culture، 3- develop national decision for natural resources conservation and finally 4- avoid absolute governmental management and administration for appropriate and scientific control of forest fire.

This research was done in forests under the Shafaroud Forest Company in Guilan province of I. R. Iran during 2006 to 2010، using questionnaires and incident report forms. Results showed that incidence of accidents increased from 2006 to 2008 (45. 29 cases per thousand) and decreased from 2009 to 2010 (25. 71 cases per thousand). The Lowest and the highest values of the accident coefficient were 11 (2010) and 20 (2008) cases per million، respectively. The percentage of accident incident locations at central، Shafaroud، Shanderman، lowlands and Asalem sites were 46، 27، 13، 7 and 7، respectively. The greatest job accidents at forest logging units، related to drivers، chainsaw worker، and chokeman، at support service units related to welder and mechanic، and at restoration and development units related to forest guard. Results showed that main causes of the events are due to striking different things (43%)، accidents (22%)، falling (12%)، falling from high object (10%)، high extent stress and action (9%) and other factors (4%). Some of the organs are subject to more risks than the others، including hand، eye، face، back، spinal column and leg (41، 21، 19، 18 and 15 cases، respectively). Application of personal protective equipments as main safety effort and standard machinery and working equipments in order to prevent accidents، can reduce injuries and provide safe conditions for workers.