جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « tissue culture » در نشریات گروه « جنگلداری »

Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is one of the native species of Guilan province. Due to fungal diseases and animal grazing, as well as the high amount of unhealthy seeds, native chestnut in vitro culture is one of the effective methods for mass production of this endangered plant. The aim of this research is to determine the optimal culture medium for chestnut tree regeneration through tissue culture. The culture medium used in this research includes GD (Gresshoff & Doy), DKW (Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut) (1 mg/liter BA*) and (Murashige Skoog) MS (half nitrogen concentration) with three different hormone combinations (1 mg/liter + BA 0.1 mg per liter TDZ), (0.5 mg/liter TDZ), and (1 mg/liter + GA3 0.1 mg/liter BA). For in vitro culture of chestnut, lateral buds of one-year-old plants grown in the greenhouse were used. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to investigate the effect of culture media with plant growth regulators on explant length, number of leaves, and stems. The results showed that the length of explants has a significant difference in culture media. No significant difference was observed in the number of stems and leaves. The results of the comparison of means using Tukey's test showed a significant difference between the length of explants in DKW medium and other media. DKW medium with 1 mg/liter BA was found to be the best medium for regeneration and longitudinal growth of chestnut explants. In the present study, in vitro culture of Chestnut is introduced an effective method for mass production of this species.

Somaclonal diversity is a genetical test that can be used to study the genetic variation and genetic stability of a propagated plant relative to the mother plant. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic stability of Caspian honey locust (Gleditsia caspica Desf.) regenerated plants under the influence of BAP growth regulator and CPZ growth inhibitor. For this purpose, native and regenerated plants genotypes were compared in culture media containing growth regulator BAP (20 μmol) and CPZ (0.3, 3 and 15 μmol) used by molecular marker of ISSR. The highest percentage of shoot proliferation and number of shoots was observed in 20 μmol BAP treatment. The presence of CPZ in the culture medium greatly reduced the shoot proliferation percentage and with increasing CPZ concentration, the decreasing trend of the studied characteristics increased. The results showed that the use of 10 ISSR molecular markers produced a total of 107 DNA bands that had 87.9% polymorphism. Cluster analysis dendrogram based on Jaccard similarity matrix by UPGMA method showed that the studied genotypes were divided into two groups with similarity coefficient of 0.27. It seems that the presence of CPZ, despite the growth inhibitory effect on the plant, will increase diversity and reduce the genetic affinity between the regenerated plants and the mother plant.

In this study proliferation potential of four thousand year old cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L. var. horizontalis (Mill) Gord) using auxins and cytokinins plant growth regulators in in vitro condition was investigated. This study was performed as a factorial experiment and completely randomized design with six replications and each replication were contained three explants. Auxiliary bud explants in two different experiments were cultured in WPM culture medium consisted of cytokinins plant growth regulators (kin, BA, TDZ and 2ip) in five levels (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l) and combination of 0.1 mg/l kin, BA, TDZ and 2ip with 0.01 mg/l IBA. Results showed that the maximum shoot numbers per treatment (2.66) was obtained in WPM culture medium contained 0.01 mg/l IBA + 0.1 mg/l BA and the highest length of shoots (1.85 cm) was obtained in media contained 0.1 mg/l cytokinins and without IBA. For root induction different culture media consisted of WPM, SH and LS contained four concentrations of IBA and NAA (0, 2, 2.5 and 3 mg/l) and also four concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l) of Kin was used and only in WPM culture medium contained 2 mg/l kin root was obtained.

In Iran, Acacia victoriae is not native to tree in Iran but it is used for important goals such as stabilize hills and the beautify landscape in the southern regions of the Iran, especially in the Khuzestan and Ilam provinces. Researches that include the development of native and non-native trees, which are compatible with the conditions of dusting areas in the western provinces of Iran, are very important. Undoubtedly, in vitro culture of trees is one of the fastest and most reliable approach to achieve mass production of trees. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different plant medium cultures on the morphological characteristics of Acacia victoria under in vitro conditions. Required seeds of Acacia victoriae were prepared from the center seed of koludeh institute of Amol. The present study was conducted in a completely randomized design with six treatments including MS, WPM, DKW, B5, L2 and N6 culture media and each treatment with 24 replications. The studied morphological characteristics, including germination percentage, shoot and root length, number of shoots, shoot and root fresh weight total dry and fresh weight of plantlets were measured for 42 days. After data collection, SAS software was used to analyze of variance and mean comparison and Excel software was used to draw all the charts. The analysis of variance results showed that there was a significant difference at 1% level between studied media, except for the shoot: root ratio. Mean comparisons showed that number of shoots, shoot dry weight, fresh and dry weight of the root, total dry weight and total fresh weight of plantlets had the highest values in WPM. Also shoot and root length and shoot fresh weight had the highest values in L2. Despite the expectation, results showed that MS medium culture had the poorest results in comparison with other media. It can be predicted that the WPM and L2 cultures will be better for seedling production from Acacia victoria seeds than in other culture media.

Ribes khorasanicum Saghafi & Assadi is considered as one of the valuable medicinal native species of Razavi Khorasan province that is distributed across high-altitudes of Hezar Masjed Mountains in a small range of Dargaz and Kalat cities as scattered patches. Because of human interference, high ecological requirements and low seeds germination this species is currently endangered and as even considered to be prone to extinction. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of symbiotic microorganisms in the growth and survival of plantlets produced by tissue culture techniques. For this purpose a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. Mycorrhiza fungi treatments included treatments without mycorrhiza, those with Rhizophagus interaradics, Glomus mosseae, as well as R. interaradics G. mosseae and fungus that were separated from the test site. Bacteria treatments included those without bacteria and those with Pseudomonas fluorescens inoculation. The results showed that bacteria inoculation could improve survival, crown area and number of leaves. The results also showed that the inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi separated from the site habitat improved root colonization, survival, height, number of leaves and crown area. Furthermore, the combination of mycorrhizal fungi R. intraradices G. mosseae improved the survival rate. It was concluded that the inoculation of fungi and bacteria improved plant acclimatization in ex vitro conditions.

Birch (Betula sp.) is considered as a survivor of Caspian primary forests and one of the extinct forest trees in Iran. In our country، Birch species is endangered because of limited distribution range، unfavourable habitat conditions، lack of regeneration in natural habitat and inability to reproduce sexually in condition. Therefore، using the technique of in vitro is very important to support this species. The objective of this study is to optimize culture medium and surface sterilization treatments for B. litwinowii micro-propagation، that is one of known Birch by use of nodal explants. Nodal explants were collected randomly from 4-5 years old of birch seedlings and sterilised by applying different treatments in both MS and WPM medium with various concentrations of BAP and NAA hormones were cultured. The obtained data were analyzed based on completely randomized design using SPSS and MSTATC software. The results revealed that HgCl2 (0. 1% for 7 min) was the best treatment for surface sterilization of nodal explants. TheMS and WPM media supplemented with various concentrations of hormones were suitable for culture establishment of nodal explants. More than 70% of single lateral bud nodal in both mediums becomes to leaves. Finally، 10% of nodal explants are able to produce shoot and roots in WPM medium.

Due to Eucalyptus potential as a fast growing species, its utilization for afforestation and industrial and medical purposes is very important. E. maculata Hook. is an important species among the other eucalypts in respect to some chemical components production and medical utilization. Sexual and asexual propagation of this species is difficult, for this reason the trial was conducted to investigate its propagation by tissue culture, using micro mature stocks.The produced explants from the mature stocks, were placed on MS medium (Murashige and Skooge) treated by ½ nitrate and various growth regulators such as Kin (Kinetin), BAP (Benzylamino purine), IBA (Indole-3-acetic acid), 2ip (2-Isopentyladenine), TDZ (Tidiazorun) and NAA (Naphtalen Acetic Acid) at different levels of concentration. After two months, growth indexes, including shoot number, shoot height, root number, root length, bud number and greenness rate were measured and recorded. Results showed that the best shooting treatment was IBA (0.01 mgl-1), BAP (0.3 mgl-1) and 2ip (0.5 mgl-1), in which average shoot number, shoot height and greenness rate were 4.63, 2.73 cm and 3.75, respectively, whereas the best rooting treatment was NAA (0.5 mgl-1) plus IBA (0.5 mgl-1), in which root length was 0.2 cm. Finally, the micropropagated plantlets were transferred to greenhouse to pass their adaptation process.

Drumstick (Moringa peregrina (Forssk). Fiori) is one of the valuable tropical forest tree species. It is endangered since long time ago، due to its particular characteristics، extensive seed harvesting and weak regeneration. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effects of several culturing media on micropropagation of three plant populations of the species and their interaction effects. Immature seeds collected from Chanf، Benet and Kenshki located in Sistan and Baluchestan province، Iran، were used to perform the study. Buds of germinated seeds were aseptically grown on eight combinations of two basic culture media، MS and half- MS and various concentrations of BA and 2iP hormones. Several characteristics were recorded on the produced plantlets. The plantlets rooted on two successive rooting media and planted on a mixture of pit and vermiculite. A few samples of the studied plant populations showed strong regenerative callus induction. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the studied populations on number of branches، active bud numbers، callus volume، and length of the longest branches on the plantlets. Moreover، a significant difference at one percent of probability was observed between the studied growing media based on the majority of the studied characteristics. It seems the reduction of the concentration of macronutrients of growing medium would lead to significant increment of shoot production on the species. Regarding the different origins of the studied plant samples، the effect of different genotypes on callus induction was clearly observed.

Low germination and non-viability of embryos are the main hindrans for forestation of Juniperus excelsa. Conventional methods of asexual plant propagation of this species have not been successful so far. In order to in vitro propagation, small pieces of stem of 8-10 years old trees(10-15 mm long) containing shoot tips with needles fascicles were used as explants. Those were excised from the plants and after surface sterilization. Samples were cultured on a Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium and six revised MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP, Kin, IBA, NAA and 2,4-D. Then the cultures were incubated in a climate chamber at temperatures of 25°C (for day) and 15°C (for night) and 12 hours light at 2000-2500 Lux with 75% humidity. Results indicated that callugenesis and callus growth restricted by both type and nitrate and hormonal source. The best simulation of callus growth occurred on cultures of without KNO3, with gloutamin (100 ml/l) and amount of 2,4-D/BAP at more than 1 ratio. Although adventitious buds were formed on juvenile stages of parent plants, but root induction did not occur. In addition, the season of sampling can also restrict the calogenesis. Such, calougenesis of collected plants in autumn was more than in spring. We could not find any shoot proliferation on medium MS, however by elimination of ammonium nitrate from medium MS bud appeared from callus as well as leaf blade.