جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ارزن دم روباهی" در نشریات گروه "زراعت"

Millets have short growth cycle, and tolerant to drought and salt conditions, so they are good candidate to produce fodder in marginal lands. There are many millet landraces in the country. Development and extension of new varieties and farms or changing in cropping patterns result to extinct local landraces. This study was conducted to collect of millets landraces all over the country. Totally, 140 accessions were collected consisted of 85 accessions of common millet, and 55 accessions of foxtail from 15 provinces. Geographical altitude of the collection sites differed from 820 to 1970 m. Some millet germplasms collected from high salty lands. Statistically, as well as correlation coefficients were calculated for 25 characteristics of the collection site and 10 seed traits. There were good levels of diversity for seed traits in 2 studied crops. Endosperm texture differed from completely waxy to completely starchy in the 2 species. Pearson correlation coefficients showed there was a positive significant correlation between geographical altitude and grain color (p<0.01, r= 0.583), in the fox tail millets. During this study the Iranian millet genetic resources increased to 90% of the first collection. Since there were high levels of genetic diversity for grain characters, it can be expected for other agro-morphological traits too, that makes the collection suitable for millet breeding.

In order to stablity analysis of foxtail millet, six foxtail millet genotypes (five new genotyps and Bastan as control) were cultivated in six locations (Karaj, Gonbad, Varamin, Yazd, Sari and Birjand) across two years in a randomized complete block design with four replications. the results of combined analysis for studied traits (number of tillers, number of leaves, days to flowering, height, fresh forage yield, dry forage yield and seed yield) showed that the cultivars and environments main effects and intraction between cultivars and environments were statistically significant. all of the studied genotypes except G4 had forage yield higher than Bastan (control). the total mean (fresh forage yield) was 24.76 t/ha and the average of all cultivars except G3 and G5 was lower than total mean. the results of the stability analysis by differnrt methods showed that G5 was high yield and stable genotype in the studied environments. spearman's rank correlation between forage yield and stabilty parameters showed strong negative correlation between forage yield and superiority index (Pi) and ranking (Si). these results indicated thet use of Pi and S1 for simultanious selection of stable and high yielding foxtail millet genotypes would be efficent. reggersion deviation, Wricke oekovalenz and Shukla stability variance are equivalent in ranking genotypes for stability and could be substituted with each other in breeding programs. in conclusion, the results showed that G5 had high yield and good stability to all environments and could be introduced as a new cultivar.

To evaluate the tolerance of 13 accessions of foxtail millet to terminal drought stress, two separate experiments were carried out at Agricultural Research Station of Birjand, Southern Khorasan, Iran, in 2005 and 2006, using randomized complete block design with three replications. In first experiment (stress condition) irrigation was stopped at the beginning of flowering stage (10% panicle emergence) and in second experiment (non-stress condition) the irrigation interval was seven days. Agronomic traits including; panicle number.m-2, grain number.panicle-1, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and dry forage yield were measured. Results showed that drought stress reduced all measured traits and grain yield was affected the most. Accessions 15-143, from Southern Khorasan and, and 15-24, from Yazd, had higher grain yield (1544.8 and 1468. kg.ha-1, respectively) and dry forage yield (3522.3 and 2653 kg.ha-1, respectively). Evaluation of foxtail millet accessions for tolerance to terminal drought using MP, TOL, SSI, GMP, STI and HARM and their correlation with grain yield and dry forage yield in stress and non-stress conditions showed that HARM, GMP and STI were suitable indices for identifying drought tolerant accessions. Three dimensions graph study showed that accessions 15-143 and 15-131, from Southern Khorasan, and 15-24, from Yazd, had higher grain yield and were tolerant to terminal drought stress.

In order to select and release of Bastan a new cultivar of foxtail millet, after preliminary selections in small millet germplasm a research was carried during 1997-2003 in Karaj, Golestan and Dezful. During these years production potential of 10 foxtail millet genotypes was determined in a randomized complete block design for 3 years. The different characteristics include, leaf size, stem diameter, plant height,1000 seed weight, growth period, plant type, response to fungal diseases (in terms of natural inoculation), respond to lodging, Birds damage, seed falling and finally seed and forage yield was recorded. Result showed, genotypes No. 1, 3, 6, 9 and 10 are the best, but the genotype No. 9 (KFM9) the superiority to other genotypes. These genotypes, while has been the desirable traits such as earliness, tolerance to the natural losing, tolerance to birds’ damage and no lodging. It’s mentioned also having yield 2.5t h-1, dry forage yield 3.3 h-1 and fresh forage yield 20 t h-1, as a dual purpose genotype was released, and introduced and named as Bastan.Before the releasing of the Bastan it was evaluated and compared to local varieties at two locations (Yazd and Zabol). Bastan showed higher yield (dry matter, fresh and dry forage and grain yield) than local varieties.

To determine the most suitable sowing date for obtaining the maximum forage and grain yield of promising lines of Foxtail Millet this research was carried out as split-plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications in 2008 and 2009 growing seasons in Birjand research field station, Birjand, Iran. Sowing dates; 22 May, 05 June, 22 June and 06 July were assigned to main plots and five Foxtail Millet promising lines were randomized in sub-plots. Tiller number plant-1, leaf number plant-1, plant height, panicle length, stem diameter, grain number panicle-1, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and forage yield were measured and recorded. Results indicated that grain yield was greater in second and third sowing dates with 4.3 and 4.6 tons ha-1, respectively. Fresh forage yield in the first sowing date with 25.6 tons ha-1 was the highest among the sowing dates. Dry forage yield was also greater in the fourth and first sowing dates as compared with the second and third sowing dates. KFM5 promising line with 4.9 tons ha-1 grain yield and 24.7 tons ha-1 fresh forage yield performed superior in comparison with other promising lines. The highest dry forage yield was obtained from KFM15 in the first sowing dates.

To study yield and its relationships with yield components in 10 varieties of foxtail millet (KFM1 to KFM10), an experiment was carried out in Safiabad Agricultural Research Center in RCBD design with three replications for a period of three years (2003 to 2005). Vegetative and reproductive characteristics of each cultivar were recordered during the growing seasons. Three year results showed significant differences among cultivars for all the traits. KFM10 was found out as the most adaptable among the studied cultivars in Safiabad region due to its high seed and forage yield and less lodging because of its stem thicknes. Path analysis was employed to study the correlations among seed yield, dry forage yield as well as other traits. Results of path analysis for seed yield indicated that the number of tillers, stem diameter and days to 50% flowering positively and direct affected seed yield (respectively 0.564, 0.516, 0.472) while effected negatively (-0.323) spike length. Results of path analysis for dry forage yield indicated that the number of seeds per spike, number of leaves, number of tillers as well as days to 50% flowering had positive direct effect on the yield (respectively 0.247, 0.221, 0.3, 0.628). To improve seed yield in foxtail millet, it is finally recommended to select late maturity cultivars with high number of tillers, thicker stems and shorter spike lenght. In order to increase dry forage yield, the first priority should be firstly given to a selection of late maturity plants and then to plants with a higher number of leaves & tillers as well as higher number of seeds per spike. High residual effect for seed yield (0.67) and for dry forage yield (0.667) was indicative of the fact that lots of traits that affected seed yield and dry forge yield had not been dealt with in this research.

In order to study the effect of corn and foxtail millet intercropping on grain yield and weed control, an experiment was conducted in a split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with four replications at the Field Station of Tehran University in Karaj during 2006 cropping season. In this experiment maize (SC704) and foxtail millet (KFM4) was intercropped using additive pattern. In this study, the main plots were different dates of planting (planting foxtail millet 20 days before maize planting, planting foxtail millet 10 days before maize planting, planting maize and foxtail millet at the same date, planting foxtail millet 10 days after maize planting). Sub-plots were pure stand of two crops as well as three intercropping ratios (100% maize +12.5% foxtail millet, 100% maize + 25% foxtail millet, 100% maize + 50% foxtail millet). Intercropping of maize and foxtail millet controlled weeds and intercropping ratio of 100% maize + 50% foxtail millet had the lowest weeds density and biomass. The combination of 100% maize + 50% foxtail millet at the same planting date was the superior treatment, because of the highest Land Equivalent Ratio (1.435) and the highest grain yield. This was referred to better use of growth inputs and control of weeds biomass and density as compared to monoculture. Generally, intercropping 100% maize + 50% foxtail millet in the same planting date was of high grain yield, better use of growth resource and reducing of weeds density.