جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تلقیح باکتری » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

The use of biological fertilizers and balanced plant nutrition as the most important soil fertility factors are among the main priorities of sustainable agriculture. In order to investigate the effect of biological fertilizers on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Calendula officinalis L., an experiment was done in the form of a completely randomized design with 14 treatments including (Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Thiobacillus, Azotobacter + Azospirillum, Azotobacter + Pseudomonas, Azospirillum + Thiobacillus, Azospirillum + Pseudomonas, Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Thiobacillus, Azotobacter + Pseudomonas + Thiobacillus, Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Pseudomonas, Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Pseudomonas + Thiobacillus, Pseudomonas, Thiobacillus, Thiobacillus + Azotobacter) and three replicates in the greenhouse of Nahavand Higher Education Complex in 1402. The results showed that the highest amount of phenol (1.86 mg GAE/gr) and flavonoid (5.54 mg routine/gr) was obtained in the combined treatment of Thiobacillus and Azotobacter. The highest stem diameter (17.48 mm) was produced in the combined treatment of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas. The highest diameter (15.19 mm) was created in Pseudomonas treatment. The highest height of the plant (28 cm) was produced with the use of Azotobacter biological fertilizer. The highest number of sub-branches, number of flowers per plant, fresh and dry weight of flowers were created in Azospirillum and Pseudomonas treatments. Finally, it can be said that the use of biological fertilizers, in addition to improving the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Calendula officinalis L., is also an effective solution for achieving the goals of sustainable agriculture.

There are large amount of K in soil but main of that are not in the available form for plants hence potassium deficiency can occur in this condition. Hence, dissolution of soil minerals with microorganisms is notable and it could be very important to use potassium releasing bacteria for supplying potassium to plants. Accordingly, this experiment was performed in order to determine the effect of different bacterial isolates on providing potassium in corn. This greenhouse experiment was performed using completely randomized design with 3 replications and with application of disinfected seeds of corn (single-cross 704). Experiment treatments were including 10 treatments with different bacterial isolates inoculation (including Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Enterobacter and Azotobacter), fertilizer treatments (K50 and K100; using 50% and 100% of K2SO4 based on fertilizer recommendation) and negative control (no bacterial inoculation and no fertilizer). The experiment prolonged to the beginning of reproductive phase and after harvesting and oven- drying of plant specimen, dry weight of shoot and root were weighed. Eventually, plant samples were digested and concentration of potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen were measured in extracts. In addition the amount of elements uptake or content was calculated. Results showed expect root dry weight, phosphorus transfer factor and shoot phosphorus concentration, all the parameters were significantly affected by treatments. The highest total potassium content were obtained in Pseudomonas sp. Az-8 and 100% fertilizer recommendation, respectively equal to 1582 and 1570 mg/plant. Among bacterial isolates, the highest total content of phosphorus and nitrogen belonged to Az-8 that was equal to 50.59 and 264.5 mg/plant, respectively. But the highest shoot potassium concentration and content were in 100% fertilizer treatment, 2.55% and 1077.289 mg per shoot weight, respectively. But in regard to bacterial isolates, this parameter was measured in A. chroococcum 14SP2-1 with an increasing of 24% and 16% as compared with control. The highest root potassium concentration and content (2.4% and 605.1 mg per root weight, respectively) were observed in Pseudomonas Az-8. This isolate has the highest efficiency of potassium nutrition by 104.5%. The maximum shoot dry weight was observed in 50% and 100% fertilizer treatments (44.42 and 44.06 g). In general results of experiment showed, some bacterial inoculations were better than chemical fertilizers in some parameters and it could be related to biological effects of bacteria in soil. Overall, it could be suggested to use selected bacteria such as Pseudomonas Az-8, A. chroococcum 14SP2-1 and Enterobacter S16-3 for ongoing and future experiments.

IntroductionGrain of legumes, by having high protein percentage, is quality complementary of cereals grain. Among environmental stresses, water deficit is the most important factor which cause limitation of planting and yield loss of food crops. Organic fertilizers, in addition to the nutritional properties, are effective in improving the physical and biological properties of soil. According to the positive outcomes of using rhizobim inoculants including, increasing the quantity and quality of the crop, improving growth indices, reducing nitrate concentration in agricultural products and groundwater and environmental protection, this research was designed and conducted to investigate the effect of bacterial inoculation and cow manure on characteristics of chickpea (Hashem variety) under drought stress conditions, and promotion of environmentally friendly fertilizers.
Materials and methodsThe experiment was done during 2012-2013 growing season at the research field of the faculty of agricultural, Shahrekord University as split factorial in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Levels of drought stress including: 80, 100 and 120 mm evaporation from class A pan, were used as main plot factor while factorial combination of cow manure at three levels 0, 50 and 100% of plant complete need (20 ton/ha) and two levels of seed bacterial inoculation (Mesorhizobium) (inoculation and non-inoculation) were used as sub-plots. To determine the time of irrigation, the daily evaporation from evaporation pan was measured every evening and after reaching the desired level, irrigation was performed using flushing procedure.
Results and discussionThe results showed that by increasing drought stress intensity, the rate of crop growth rate and leaf area index was decreased. CGR and LAI significantly increased in inoculation treatment compared to non-inoculated. Means comparison showed that with increasing stress intensity, all of the yield components significantly decreased but grain protein percentage increased. Increasing consumption of cow manure and inoculation of bacteria caused increasing of grain yield components and its protein. Means comparison of the dual effects of drought stress × bacteria inoculation showed that bacterial inoculation significantly increased the number of pods per plant at all drought stress levels. Means comparison of the dual effects of cow manure × bacteria inoculation showed that inoculation caused increasing the number of pods per plant at all cow manure levels. The maximum hundred seed weight achieved at 20 tons/ha of cow manure treatment and bacterium inoculation. The results of the triple effects showed that the maximum hundred seed weight achieved at control × 20 tons/ha of cow manure × bacterium inoculation. With increasing severity of drought stress, grain yield and biological yield significantly decreased. The maximum and minimum grain and biological yield on the consumption of cow manure obtained in 20 tons of cow manure per hectare and no use of cow manure, respectively. Bacterial inoculation was significantly increased grain and biological yield. The results of the dual effects of cow manure × bacterium inoculation on grain yield, biological yield and harvest index showed that the maximum mean of grain and biological yield obtained at no use of cow manure × bacterium inoculation. The results of the triple effects on grain yield showed that the maximum grain yield achieved at bacterium inoculation × no use of cow manure × control.
ConclusionGenerally in this study it can be stated that the treatment of drought stress and bacterium inoculation have more effect on physiological indices, yield and grain yield components of chickpea. Drought stress causing reduction of photosynthetic sources and limitation of assimilate and thus leads to reducing hundred grain weight and leaf area and thus slow down the crop growth rate. In this experiment, it was found that the use of bacteria in drought stress conditions cause adjusting the effects of stress, therefore it is suggested that in areas where there is a likelihood of drought stress, the inoculated seeds should be used.

To study the effect of waterlogging stress on dry matter accumulation, leaf area, number and nodule diameter nitrogen fixation in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar DPX. Experiment was done at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in factorial with two factors. Factors included nutritional levels at three levels: (1 - inoculated with bacteria Japonicum bradyrhizobium 2 - non-inoculated plus nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg/ha urea) 3 - non-inoculated without nitrogen fertilizer) . The second factor was flooding stress periods (0, 5, 10 and 15 days). Flooding of soybean plants was in the reproductive growth stage (R2). The results showed duration flooding leaf surface and leaf dry weight were reduced by an average of 55% compared to control and root dry weight and root volume were increased by an average of 10 percent.Inoculation with bacteria form nodules were observed without fertilizer. With increasing duration of flooding stress nodes per plant, nodule diameter and nodule dry weight decreased. The nutritional levels of nitrogen fertilizer plus the non-inoculated into minimal impact from the flooding stress was . and nutritional parameters measured at the surface of the drop was less than control flooding stress have the greatest impact on nutritional levels had non-inoculated without fertilizerThe results indicate that it is desirable if soybean be fed by nitrogen fertilizer losses from the flooding will see fewer And the results showed a significant reduction of saturated nitrogen fixing nodules on soybean is .

In order to investigate the response of leaf chlorophyll, sink capacity and yield components to the application of Rhizobium and mineral nitrogen in different crop densities, this experiment was carried out in a randomized complete blocks statistical design as a split-factorial in Broujrd in 2012-2013 cropping year. The main factor of experiment includes density with three levels, 20, 40 and 60 plants per square meter and seed inoculation factors with Rhizobium bacteria in two levels (bacteria and control) and mineral nitrogen application from urea source with three levels (zero, 90 and 180 kilogram per hectare) as factorial 2×3 were placed on sub plots. Results showed that the density factor had significant effect on the whole traits except the number of grain per pod and the highest amount for leaf chlorophyll content, sink capacity and grain yield was obtained in 60 plants density. Conversely, 20 plants density had the highest pod numbers in plant and one hundred-grain weight. The effect of nitrogen on leaf chlorophyll content, number of pod per plant, one hundred-grain weight, sink capacity and grain yield was significant statistically and the highest amount of these traits was obtained by 180 kilogram fertilizer treatment. Also, inoculation treatment had positive and significant effect on one- hundred grain weight, sink capacity and grain yield. Interaction of bacteria and nitrogen on leaf chlorophyll content and one hundred-grain weight, interaction of density and bacteria for sink capacity and grain yield and interaction of density and nitrogen on one hundred-grain weight was significant, as well.

To study the effects of different levels of seed ageing and bacteria inoculation on yield of common bean at field conditions، an experiment was carried out as factorial arranged in RCBD design with three replications at Research Farm of University of Tehran (Karaj-Iran) in 2012. Treatments consisted of four levels of seed ageing (0 (control)، 3، 6 and 9 days at 41°C and 90-100% relative humidity) and bacterial inoculations at four levels (Control (no bacteria)، Rhizobium oligominusarum، Pseudomonas putida and co-inoculation by Rhizobium oligominusarum and Pseudomonas putida). Results showed that application of bacterial inoculants significantly increased grain yield and yield components of common bean compared to non-inoculated plants. However، the highest values of these traits were observed with co-inoculation by Rhizobium oligominusarum and Pseudomonas putida. Results showed that interaction between ageing and bacteria inoculation was significant for 100 grain weight.