جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « micropropagation » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

The present study was performed to study the effects of MS, WPM, B5 culture media and benzylaminopurine (BAP) hormone on hyssop proliferation, and to assess the effects of different concentrations of IBA and IAA hormones on rooting characteristics of hyssop.

The experiments were conducted as a factorial with a completely randomized design with three replications at the laboratory of tissue culture of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft. To produce sterile seedlings, seeds were collected from mountainous regions of Kerman province and planted on the MS medium. The single-node explants were cultivated on MS, WPM, and B5 culture media containing the benzylaminopurine hormone with concentrations of 0, 1, and 2 mg/L. To induce rooting, the shoots were placed on the MS culture medium containing 0.5 and 1 mg/L of indole butyric acid and indole acetic acid. GiaRoots software was employed to analyze the architecture of the roots obtained.

Based on the research results, the highest proliferation coefficient was obtained in the MS culture medium with a concentration of 2 mg/L of benzylaminopurine hormone. In addition, the results of root architecture analysis showed that IBA hormone with a concentration of 1 mg/L demonstrated the most effective treatment for rooting induction.

The adaptation test results demonstrated that 85% of the plants transferred to the greenhouse survived.

Polianthes tuberosa L. is one of the most important ornamental bulbous plants in tropical and subtropical regions that is cultivating in some regions of Iran. Due to the transmission of fungal and bacterial diseases, propagation by bulbs is not affordable. Tissue culture is a good way to produce uniform and disease-free seedling. Therefore, in vitro cultivation of tuberose is a suitable solution to commercial reproduction.

To investigate the best method of micropropagation of Polianthes tuberosa, this study was conducted in three experiments (proliferation, root formation and adaptation). The explants used in this study were lateral buds. Ethyl alcohol (70%) and dilute laundry bleach (5.25% active chlorine), benomyl fungicide and dishwashing liquid were used to eliminate surface contamination of the explants. In the first experiment, the effect of different plant growth regulators and MS medium (MS, ½ MS, ¼ MS) on shoot formation of lateral bud was investigated. Lateral bud explants were cultured in MS medium with various plant growth regulators including KIN (0.25, 0.5, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg / L), BAP (0.25 (0.5, 0.1 and 2.0 mg / l) and then the length and number of shoots were evaluated. After forming shoots in the propagation medium, they were transferred to a new environment to form roots.The root formation experiment included tree levels of  NAA concentrations, (0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg/L) in combination with 0.2 mg/L IBA and control (without growth regulator). Adaptation experiment with 5 Substrate of bed including Peat Moss, Cocopeat, Sand, Peat Moss with Cocopeat (1: 1) and Sand with Cocopeat and Peat Moss (1: 1: 1) was conducted.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between various types of plant growth regulators (PGR) and MS culture media at different concentrations and no branch was produced without the use of PGR. In shoot prolifferation experiment, the maximum number of shoots (4.8) was obtained from lateral bud explants in MS medium with 0.25 mg / l BAP in combination with 0.25 mg / l KIN. The highest length of lateral shoot shoots (3.75 cm) was observed in MS medium with 0.25 mg / l KIN in combination with 0.25 mg / l BAP.The results of root formation experiment showed that the highest number of roots was observed in MS medium containing 0.5 mg / l NAA and 0.2 mg / l IBA and the lowest number of roots in control (without plant growth regulator). Treatment of 0.5 mg / l NAA with 0.2 mg / l IBA had the highest root length (1.22 cm). The lowest root length was also observed in the control (without plant growth regulator). In the adaptation test, no significant difference was observed between treatments in survival rate.

The results of this study showed that the shoot organogenesis is controlled by the cytokinin with MS medium in different concentrations. It should be mentioned that cytokinin had an important role in the synthesis of RNA, stimulation of the production of protein and the activity of some enzymes. Also, the results showed that the use of cytokinin alone has a beneficial effect on shoot organogenesis.

Oxidation of exuded phenolic compounds into the culture media, culture medium browning and ceasing growth are the main obstacles in explants establishment during walnut micropropagation. This research was performed as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three factors including cultivar (Jamal and Chandler), shoot sampling time (May, July and September) and medium conditions (adding activated charcoal to the medium, placing cultures for 24 and 72 h in darkness, sub-culturing thrice per 24 h, twice per 72 h and once after 144 h and the control). Results of the variance analysis of the data related to the establishment of micro-cuttings in culture medium showed that cultivar, sampling time and culture medium conditions as well as their interactions, except the interaction between micro-cuttings and sampling time had significant effects on the Jamal and Chander cultivar micro-cuttings establishment. According to the results of the means comparison, regarding treatments including placement of cultures thrice per 24 hours and adding activated charcoal had a highest level of micro-cuttings establishment in culture medium having significant difference with the other treatments. On the other hand, the results showed a highly significant negative correlation (-0.86) between the micro-cuttings browning index and micro-cuttings establishment. In conclusion, the micro-cuttings establishment of Chandler cultivar had the higher rate compared to Jamal cultivar having statistically significant differences. Finally, it can be stated that collection of micro-cuttings in May and sub-culturing them thrice every 24 hours or adding activated charcoal showed the best results in Chandler and Jamal micro-cuttings establishment.

GF667 is a hybrid of Prunus Amygdalus × Prunus persica and is the most commonly used rootstock for peach, nectarines and almonds. Due to low efficiency of propagation trough cutting, tissue culture is a good and fast method for propagation of GF667. In the liquid medium, contact between the plant tissue and the medium is better, propagation is accelerated, and cost of production is reduced. Therefore, the aim of this study was to optimize micropropagation methods for GF677 rootstock by using liquid culture system.

In this study, sterile nodal explants were cultured on different media include Murashige and SKoog (MS), Woody plant medium (WPM) and Gamborg (B5) supplemented with various concentrations of BA (benzyl adenine) at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/L and IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L. Elongated shoots of GF677 were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l IBA and 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/l BA for rooting. Factorial analysis of variance was carried out and differences between means were scored with LSD tests.

Effect of different culture media (MS, B5 and WPM) and growth regulators (BA and IBA) on number of shoots per proliferated explant of GF-677 showed that the maximum number of shoots (2.44 shoots) was obtained in WPM medium at a concentration of 1 mg / l BA and the highest shoot length was obtained with 1 mg / l BA and 0.25 mg / l IBA in medium B5. As concentration of BA increased to 1 mg/l, the number of shoot also increased. It sounds that there is a positive correlation between concentration of BA and number of shoot to a certain concentration of BA, so that number of shoot reaches its peak at concentration of 1 mg/l BA. At concentrations higher than 1 mg/l BA decrease in number of shoots can be seen. It shows that when concentration of BA was in excessive amount, it resulted in decrease of shoot number. One of the possible reason can be reductive effect of higher concentrations of BA. Apparently a certain amount of BA is required to obtain the best effect. Higher concentrations of BA brought about formation of high amount of callus which is not appropriate in tissue culture. On MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/l BA, a maximum rooting efficiency was obtained. Rooted plants were transferred in terrestrial environments combination of perlite, sand and soil in the ratio of 1: 2: 1 respectively. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized and transferred to potting mix with 90% survival and grow naturally after strengthening and transferred to soil.

The shoot multiplication of GF677 was influenced by the media (MS, B5 and WPM) and growth regulators. The WPM medium at a concentration of 1 mg/l BA gave the best results (2.44 shoots) for the proliferation of cultures from explant among the tested media.

Weeds are a limiting factor in sugarcane cultivation and able to reduce its yield during the growing season. In this study, first, the effect of 2,4-D plant growth regulators at 6 levels, kinetin (Kin) at two levels and 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) at two levels on callus induction, organogenesis and browning of leaf explants of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivar 'CP69-1062' was investigated. The results showed that the highest callus induction was observed in MS medium (Murashige and Skoog) containing 2 mg.  2, 4-D with 2 mg.  BAP.  Explant browning was the highest on MS medium without plant growth regulators and MS medium containing 1 mg.  2,4-D and 2 mg.  BAP. Also in medium with 2 mg.  BAP, direct organogenesis was achieved. In the second experiment, calli produced in MS culture medium containing 16 mg.  2,4-D, 1 mg.  Kin and 2 mg.  BAP were transferred to regeneration medium containing different concentrations of glyphosate herbicide. The results showed that in regeneration medium without glyphosate, plantlets were induced, but calli affected by the glyphosate herbicide were not able to produce plantlets. In another experiment, calli produced in the optimal culture medium were immersed in the liquid culture medium containing 4 different levels of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours to cause mutations. In an EMS-free control medium, calli were able to produce plantlets at all times, but with increasing concentration and duration of treatment with EMS, plant regeneration was decreased. Then, to select resistant plantlets, glyphosate herbicide was sprayed on them with a concentration of 4%. Of the 20 plants treated with glyphosate, only 1 showed resistance to herbicide.

Abstract Abstract Crocus sativus is a triploid plant from Iridaceae family, which is propagated only via mother corms. The use of In vitro culture techniques can accelerate the propagation of this plant in order to comply with the increasing demands of farmers to this important medicinal plant. The purpose of this research was to find out a proper protocol to cormlet production on the mother corms collected in August and early September which cold pre-treated. To this end, samples of two different bulk of corms were collected from Qaen, Souht Khorassan. Samples were kept at 31 °C for 13 to 15 weeks. After sterilization, samples were then transferred into half strength MS culture medium with 6% sucrose, 2 mg/l IBA and 2, 4 and 6 mg/l BAP, the control treatment was lacking growth regulators. The results showed that there were no significant differences between different concentrations of plant growth regulators in cormlet production. However, the samples collected in August were significantly different in number of cormlet per mother corm and cormlet diameter. According to the results, the use of sufficient cold pre-treatment on corms harvested in August and culture in 1/2 MS medium without any growth regulators is recommended for the production of micro-corms through in vitro culture, which is also economically important.

Stevia rebaudiana is a medicinal plant belonging to Asteraceae family. This experiment was carried out to optimize the in vitro callus induction and plant regeneration of Stevia rebaudiana. The explants used in this study were leaf, shoot tip, nodal segments with two leaves and nodal segment without leaves derived from in vitro grown plantlets. The explants were transferred to PGR-free MS medium or supplemented with BA (0.1, 0.5 and 2mgl-1) solely or in combination with 0.5mgl-1 IBA and TDZ (0.1, 0.5 and 2mgl-1) solely or in combination with 0.5mgl-1 IBA. The highest callus percentage and callus volume induced with culturing leaf explant on MS medium containing 0.1 mgl-1 TDZ. The nodal segment without leaves cultured on MS medium containing 2mgl-1 BA + 0.5mgl-1 IBA produced the highest regenerated shoot number. The highest and lowest shoot length was observed in shoot tip cultured on MS medium containing 0.1mgl-1 BA + 0.5mgl-1 IBA and MS medium containing 2mgl-1 BA + 0.5mgl-1 IBA, respectively. Indirect shoot regeneration was observed only in leaf explant cultured on MS medium containing 0.5mgl-1 TDZ + 0.5mgl-1 IBA. The highest percentage of root induction was observed with culturing shoots on MS medium containing 0.1mgl-1 IBA.

Background and objectives Gerbera is one of the most important ornamental plants that used as cut flower and potted plant. The common methods of propagation does not have performance for supplying the global demand of this ornamental plant. So the most common method for commercial propagation of gerbera is micropropagation.
Material and methods In this study, effect of different hormonal treatments and cultivars on micropropagation and rooting of gerbera shoot tip explant was evaluated. Shoot tip explants were first washed with running tap water for 30 min then they were surface sterilized by dipping in 1.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 min and rinsed with sterile distilled water, followed by immersing in 0.1 % mercuric chloride solution for 5 min. After Sterilization with mercuric chloride solution, capitulum was washed with sterile distilled water. Subsequent washing was done with sterile distilled water three times. Sterilization with sodium hypochlorite solution and mercuric chloride and final rinse with sterile distilled water were done under laminar air flow hood. In the proliferation phase, MS medium containing 1 mg/l BA or KIN in combination with 0.1 mg/l IAA or hormone-free medium, 3% sucrose, 8 g/l agar was used. For rooting of propagated plantlets, ½ MS medium containing 1 mg/l IBA, IAA, 2IP or ½ MS hormone-free medium, 3% sucrose, 8 g/l agar was used. After 4 weeks different parameters such as number of plantlet, height of plantlet, number of main root, root length, number of secondary root were measured. Cultivars that was used in this experiment are as follows: 1: ‘Aventura’, 2: ‘Barones’, 3: ‘Mayfair’, 4: ‘Cacharelle’, 5: ‘Real’, 6: ‘Sorbet’, 7: ‘Dalma’, 8: ‘Goldy’, 9: ‘Panama’, 10: ‘Lancaster’, 11: ‘Dune’, 12: ‘Bellavue’, 13: ‘Blinddate’, 14: ‘Applause’, 15: ‘Sunway’.
Results and discussion The results showed that in all studied cultivars, the medium containing BA lead to producing the highest number of plantlet. So using the medium containing BA in propagation phase is recommended for obtaining the highest number of plantlet. Also the results showed that the rooting of gerbera plantlets was affected by cultivar and suitable hormonal composition for rooting of each cultivar was different. However, the appropriate acclimation of produced plantlets is so important. Although the length and number of roots in ½ MS medium was at the average of other treatments, but propagated plantlets from this medium, had a suitable acclimation capacity. Moreover, additional cost for utilization of rooting hormones was reduced and therefore commercial production cost decreased. So application of this medium for rooting of different gerbera cultivars is recommended. Finally acclimation of rooted plantlet was done in cocopeat and perlite medium, with 95% success.

Potato (Solanumtuberosum L.) is the fourth most important food crop in the world. Potato micropropagation can be affected by some factors including the type of culture container, carbohydrate source and gelling agent.
In this study, the effects of above-mentioned different factors were investigated on the micropropagation of three potato cultivars (Agria, Marfona and Savalan) using MS medium. The effects of two type gelling agents (Agar Agar (7 gl-1)and Phytagel (3.5 gl-1) ), three carbohydrate sources (grade sucrose, table sugar, brown sugar (30 gl-1) ) and different culture containers (test tube, small glass bottle (110 × 60 mm), large glassbottle (150 × 95 mm) and polypropylenecontainer (90 × 90 ×110 mm) ) were investigated in the separated experiments. Each experiment was performed according to a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 replications. After 30 days, different traits including shoot length per plantlet, mean of root length per plantlet, number of roots per plantlet, leaf size per plantlet, number of nodes per plantlet and mean of minituber weight per plantletwere measured.The regenerated plants were acclimatized and cultured in the field conditions for minituber production.
The results indicated that the medium containing agar-agar as gelling agent had the highest shoot length per plantlet (5.16 cm) and mean of root length per plantlet (6.06 cm). The highest number of roots per plantlet (4.7) has been obtained by cultivars Marfona and Savalan. Cultivar Marfona also produced the maximum number of nodes per plantlet (9.2). Investigation of the carbohydrate source showed that the brown sugar has improved the most studied traits and the highest shoot length per plantlet (7.07 cm)and mean of root length per plantlet (6.61) have been obtained by the use of brown sugar. Also, the use of polypropylenecontainer (Vitro vent plant tissue container) improved the different studied characters including shoot length per plantlet(17.96 cm) andmean of root length per plantlet (11.73 cm).
In general, the use of agar–agar, brown sugar and polypropylene container can enhance the micropropagation rate and decrease the production input costs.Polypropylenecontainer has the unique capacity of continuous gas-exchange between the inner volume of the container and the outside environment. There is a continuous supply of fresh air in the container and no accumulation of volatile compounds.

Nowadays, the most rapid method for producing healthy and disease-free Lisiantus is micropropagation. With respect to high economic value of this plant which is regarded among the 10 top cutting flowers in the world, this research was carried out to suggest a suitable protocol for its in vitro propagation, using nodal sections as an explant. To carry out this object, the effects of the pH (5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8), culture vessel (small glass bottle, large glass bottle, polypropylene container), the concentration of macro elements, including NH4NO3 (1.45, 1.65, 1.85 g L-1), KNO3 (1.7, 1.9, 2.1 g L-1), CaCl2.2H2O (0.66, 0.44, 0.24 g L-1), MgSO4.7H2O (0.43, 0.37, 0.31 g L-1), KH2PO4 (0.13, 0.17, 0.21 g L-1), and the concentration of sucrose (25, 30, 35, 40 g L-1) were investigated in four independent experiments. The effects of the different studied factors were significant on the shoot regeneration. Results showed that pH 5.7 and the use of 35 g L-1 sucrose in MS medium were the best treatments for improving the number of shoots per explants (2.25 and 2 shoots, respectively). Moreover, increasing KH2PO4 concentration in MS medium produced the highest number of shoots per explant (3.5 shoots). The polypropylene container was also the best culture container for the lisianthus micropropagation (7.5 shoots per explant).

Iran is home of one of the most delightful and graceful flower of Fritillaria in the world. Its habitation is commonly expanded on the vast areas: growing in beds, borders, backgrounds and rock gardens. Besides, it is also suitable for naturalizing and excellent for cut flowers. Fritillaria imperialis as a medicinal plant has pharmaceutical purpose in which possesses a health beneficial essence that used in production of mucus and cough medicine. In addition, extractions of plant tissues contain certain of properties which affect to reduce blood pressure and blood sugar. Unfortunately, the habitation of this ornamental plant is under threat and majority of its habitation already being to ruin due to human activities and urbanization. The propagation of Fritillaria through offsets (bulblets) is prolonging approach which takes approximately 3-4 years. Whereas, using tissue culture technique for flower production is required less time probably within a few months and economically has a huge advantage due to low cost and a numerous plant production in a short time.
This research was carried out in four experiments: callus formation, bulblet production, root formation and acclimatization. In the present study, a factorial experiment was assigned as completed randomized design (CRD) with three replications. In the first experiment, leaf primordia and scale explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA and IBA in order to produce callus formation. In the second experiment, the calli were cultured on organogenesis medium which were contained MS medium supplement, with kin. and TDZ, after 6 and 12 weeks. In the third experiment, the bulblets were transferred into rooting media, which were contained MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l). In the fourth experiment, after washing the bulblet whit warm distilled water (40ᵒC) that contain 2.0 mg/l benlate fungicide, they then were planted into the pots containing sterilized perlite, cocopeat and perlite along with cocopeat.
In the first experiment, the results demonstrated that the highest weight of callus (3.29g) was sustained in scale explants on basal MS medium which was supplemented with 0.5mg/l NAA along with 0.5mg/l IBA. In second experiment, the result indicated that the numerous of bulblets were developed on MS medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l TDZ along with 0.5mg/l kin. Which of these, the callus scale were produced on MS medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l NAA. In the third experiment, in order to retain rooting the bulblets, they were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentration of NAA. The result elucidated that the large quantity of roots (7.7) were obtained from leaf primordia on MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg/l NAA. In the fourth experiment, rooted bulblets were washed with warm distilled water for 5-10min, and then they were transferred into pots with perlite, cocopeat and perlite cocopeat.
The results revealed information that the rooted bulblets from scale growing on cocopeat substrate had retained the most diameter (21.64mm) as compared to other treatments. The finding results under this investigation strongly suggested that using micropropagation it is definitely a possible trend to abolish the barriers which caused to deteriorate of Fritillaria imperiallis.

Grape has high nutritional value and it is an economically important horticultural plant in the world. Iran has seventh producer grape rank in the world. Today tissue culture is one of technique which can be used in grape propagation and breeding.
Material and In order to optimization of callus induction and micropropagation of grape in vitro condition, this investigation was conducted in two separate experiments. In the first experiment the effects of two explants including middle meristem and leaf segments and two plant regulators inducing Benzyl amino purine (BAP) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at five levels (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2mg/L) on callus induction of four grape varieties (Askari, Siyah, Gavi, Rish-baba) were investigated. Two months after explants cultured and treatments application, length, height, volume, fresh and dry weight of callus, and their relative humidity were measured. In the second experiment the effect of BAP at two levels (2 and 1.5mg/L) and NAA at four levels (2, 1.5, 1, 0.5) on shooting and rooting percentage of four above mentioned grape varieties were tested. Shooting percentage, leaf number, shoot fresh weight and shoot length in shooting experiment, and rooting percentage in the rooting experiment were recorded. Both experiments were conducted using factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the best treatments were introduced based on treatment means comparison.
Results of analysis of variances showed that plant growth regulators and their interactions were significant for all measured traits in the both experiments. The best treatment for callus induction and callus characters was 1.5 mg/L BAP and 2 mg/L NAA in middle meristem of Rish-baba cultivar. Results of second experiment showed that 2 mg/L BAP and 2 mg/L NAA were the best plant growth regulator combination for shooting of Askari and Gavi cultivars. This treatment was resulted 100 and 67 shooting percentage in Askari and Gavi cultivars respectively. Whereas combination of 1.5 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L NAA in Siyah cultivar with 33 shooting percentage and combination of 1.5 mg/L BAP and NAA in Rish-baba cultivar with 67 shooting percentage had the best responses for shooting experiment. The all treatments showed very good responses to root generation because there were no significant differences between control and other plant growth regulators for rooting percentage and they produced 100% root tissue organ.
In general, based on this results callus induction and regeneration conditions were optimized for four grape cultivars which can be used in grape production.

In micropropagation of Anthurium the most important and sensitive stage, is callus induction from explant. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in 4 replications in Sari Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU) in 2010. The cultivar used in this study is Fire and leaf segments with and without main nervure, were used as explants. Explants were cultured on mMS media with 2, 4-D (0.0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.20 and 0.24 mgL-1) and BA (1 mgL-1), 30% sucrose and 7% agar for callus induction. Calli were cultured in mMS media with BA (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mgL-1), 206 mgL-1 NH4NO3, 20% sucrose and 7% agar for shoot regeneration. Four weeks after inoculation, callus induction initiated in explants with nervure. Regardless of 2, 4-D concentrations, leaf explants with the main nervure, showed highest callus induction (48.3%). The leaf explants with main nervure in mMS medium contain 0.16 mgL-1 2, 4-D showed the highest callus induction (83.7%) and the leaf explant without main nervure in mMS medium without 2, 4-D showed the lowest callus induction (12.5%). The best rate of BA for shoot regeneration (20.83%) was 1 mgL-1. The callus on mMS medium containing 1 mgL-1 BA showed the highest shoot regeneration (20.83 %) and the callus in mMS medium containing 0.25 mgL-1 BA showed the lowest shoot regeneration.